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Biomedical subjects

M Salo

Publications and source records attributed to M Salo.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The effect of anaesthesia and total hip replacement on the phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A responses of lymphocytes.

Cell-mediated immunity as a part of the immune host defence mechanisms was studied in 12 patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. The combined anaesthesia used did not lower the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) responses of lymphocytes in whole blood culture during the first hour of anaesthesia before the beginning of surgery, but a clear decrease occurred after the beginning of the operation. The mitogenic responses started to recover immediately after the operation, but complete recovery was not obtained during the follow-up of 9-14 days.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in operating theatre personnel.

The effect of operating theatre work on peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes was studied by the rosette method. There was no statistically significant difference between operating theatre personnel and the controls in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes. This study supports the view that work in operating theatres does not cause changes in the immune response.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Increased cholesterol content and esterification in rabbit aortic medial cells cultured in hyperlipidemic serum.

Cells of early atherosclerotic lesions have an increased content of cholesteryl esters and enhanced rate of cholesterol esterification. The present study was carried out to elucidate whether these changes could be reproduced in a purely in vitro system. Cultures of rabbit aortic medial cells were incubated in a medium containing 10% of either normal rabbit serum (control cells) or serum from rabbits with cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemia (hyperlipidemic cells). The incorporation rate of [1-14C]oleate into cellular cholesteryl esters increased two- to threefold after four hours' incubation with hyperlipidemic serum and remained elevated during the rest of the eight days' study. After seven days' incubation the hyperlipidemic cells incorporated significantly more (+13%) oleate into triglycerides and significantly less (-15%) oleate into phospholipids than did the control cells. Cholesteryl ester content of the hyperlipidemic cells rose steeply for about two days, with a slower rise thereafter. In hyperlipidemic cells the esterified cholesterol content was significantly higher (315 ng/mug DNA) than in the control cells (79 ng/mug DNA). Hyperlipidemic cells showed a slow but significant rise of free cholesterol as well (from 1.15 mug/mug DNA in control to 1.50 mug/mug DNA). The results indicate that lipid changes resembling those in early atherosclerotic lesions can be brought about in vitro 0y treatment of aortic cells with hyperlipidemic serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Struma ovarii.

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Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aqueous solubility prediction of drugs based on molecular topology and neural network modeling.

A method for predicting the aqueous solubility of drug compounds was developed based on topological indices and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. The aqueous solubility values for 211 drugs and related compounds representing acidic, neutral, and basic drugs of different structural classes were collected from the literature. The data set was divided into a training set (n = 160) and a randomly chosen test set (n = 51). Structural parameters used as inputs in a 23-5-1 artificial neural network included 14 atom-type electrotopological indices and nine other topological indices. For the test set, a predictive r2 = 0.86 and s = 0.53 (log units) were achieved.

Models, Chemical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of modulation of postoperative immunosuppression by isotonic amino acid infusion.

Effects of an isotonic amino acid solution on the immune defence systems of surgical patients were studied. Twenty-two patients admitted for major abdominal operations were randomly allocated into two groups. Eleven of them received 1 liter of 3% amino acid solution daily for 5 days postoperatively, while 11 control patients received balanced 5% glucose-containing electrolyte solutions. Immune variables were studied preoperatively and at 1, 3 to 4, and 6 to 7 days postoperatively. These studies included leukocyte and differential counts, T (OKT3+), B (sIg+), T helper/inducer (OKT4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cell determinations, measurement of in vitro lymphocytic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (StaCw) in cultures of separated lymphocytes, and to PHA, concanavalin A (Con A), and PWM in whole blood cultures. B lymphocyte functions were studied by measuring synthesis of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in the cell culture medium when lymphocytes were stimulated with PWM alone and in the presence of Con A or hydrocortisone. Postoperative amino acid infusion slightly improved the capacity of lymphocytes to synthetize and secrete IgG and IgM. By contrast, no improvement was seen in cell counts or lymphocyte transformation patterns.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activity of natural killer cells after postoperative amino acid infusion.

Effects of postoperative infusion of a 3% amino acid solution on natural killer (NK) cell activity were studied in 10 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Eight additional patients formed the control group. Preoperative NK cell activity against K562 target cells determined in a short-term 51Cr release assay was similar in patients of both groups. After the operation, in general the patients of both groups showed a decrease in NK cell activity (p less than 0.01) but without differences between the groups. There were no changes in the percentages of Leu-7 positive cells (NK cells) between or within the two groups. However, the number of Leu-7 positive cells in blood was lower in the amino acid than in the control group patients during the postoperative days 3-7 (p less than 0.05 and 0.01). In vitro, the amino acid solution proved to be nontoxic both for effector and target cells and no depression of NK cell activity was observed. A 16-hr preincubation of mononuclear cells with the amino acid solution did not affect NK cell activity. The results suggest that postoperative infusion of an isotonic amino acid solution does not routinely offer any advantages over glucose containing electrolyte solution as to its effects on NK cell activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and bromide concentrations after coronary bypass operation.

The effect of surgical trauma on serum trace elements was studied in 10 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. After the initial decrease due to the hemodilution during operation serum iron, zinc, copper and selenium remained depressed for the immediate postoperative period. Zinc was still at significantly lower level 2 months after the operation. Low serum iron values were also observed. Changes in trace element concentrations were parallel with changes in the concentrations of their transport and binding proteins in the serum. The multielemental technique also measured nonessential bromide, which returned to initial levels in 7 days. Effects of trauma on metabolism, acute phase reaction with redistribution of zinc and copper and losses via increased urinary excretion explain the above changes. Development of a subclinical deficiency of zinc and possibly iron is suggested by the persistence of low serum levels during recovery after operation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro by intravenous lipid emulsion (Intralipid).

Intravenous lipid emulsions depress lymphocyte proliferative responses and granulocyte function at concentrations found in the blood circulation during their administration. The effects of Intralipid, a widely used intravenous lipid emulsion, were measured on immunoglobulin production in vitro by pokeweed mitogen-activated lymphocytes as a test of B-cell function. Intralipid decreased IgG, IgM, and IgA production at soybean oil triglyceride concentrations of 2.5-20 mg/ml occurring in the blood circulation during Intralipid infusion. The effects on IgM and IgA production were highest and that on IgG production lowest. Hydrocortisone-sensitive and concanavalin A-inducible suppressor cells were more sensitive to Intralipid than other cell populations. In vivo Ig production may not be equally disturbed, inasmuch as Intralipid concentrations in the lymph nodes and the spleen may be lower than in the blood circulation. However, care should be taken to prevent Intralipid concentrations from becoming high enough to depress immune responses.

Fat Emulsions, Intravenous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanisms of the effect of general anesthesia with barbiturates on immunity].

The effect of short-acting barbiturates on the number of theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes in donors and patients with lung cancer on the function of spontaneous and induced donor regulators as well as the concentration of cyclic nucleotides and T-lymphocytes in donors has been studied in vitro. The effect of general anesthesia with barbiturates on the number of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in the peripheral blood of somatically healthy patients with minimum surgical trauma has also been assessed. These studies as well as previous investigations serve the basis for elucidating the impact of general anesthesia with barbiturates on the immunity. It is recommended to identify the nature of immunodepression in patients with preoperative immune deficiencies.

Adult↗