Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Salo

Publications and source records attributed to M Salo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of thiopental on granulocyte oxidative microbicidal capacity.

Some anaesthetics are known to depress granulocyte chemiluminescence responses in the phagocytosis of zymosan as a measure of their oxidative microbicidal capacity. In this study the effects of thiopental were measured on chemiluminescence responses in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are the commonest bacteria causing postoperative infections. Granulocytes from 14 healthy volunteers (mean age 35 +/- 9 (s.d.) years) were tested in vitro in the presence of clinical thiopental concentrations 0, 5, 10 and 25 micrograms/ml (0, 18, 36 and 91 mumol/l, respectively). During a 60-min exposure period, decreased chemiluminescence responses occurred to Staph. aureus at 5 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.01) and higher thiopental concentrations and to E. coli at 10 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.01) and higher concentrations, as a sign of depressed oxidative microbicidal activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of various ventilation modes on immunocompetence in surgical patients.

The effects of controlled mechanical ventilation with PEEP (CMV), and spontaneous ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), CPAP with high frequency ventilation (CPAP-HFV) and spontaneous respiration without CPAP (SV) on immunocompetence were compared in open-heart surgery patients undergoing the weaning phase. T-lymphocyte and T-helper cell ratios decreased during CPAP (P less than 0.01) and SV (P less than 0.05). PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses were decreased during CPAP-HFV (P less than 0.05), CPAP and SV (P less than 0.01) in whole blood and separated lymphocyte cultures compared to values during CMV. Con A-induced responses were also depressed during SV in whole blood cultures (P less than 0.01). When the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins were studied, only IgM production showed a decrease in PWM-stimulated cultures during SV (P less than 0.05). In spite of an increase in the cardiac index in the three spontaneous ventilation modes compared to CMV, a slight decrease instead of an immediate improvement was seen in immune responses on weaning to spontaneous ventilation modes.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1988

Granulocyte chemiluminescence in patients with postoperative infections.

In patients with postoperative infections, the oxygen-dependent microbicidal responses of separated granulocytes to a microbe isolated from each patient, a strain of Escherichia coli, and zymosan were evaluated by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. In patients with major postoperative infection, chemiluminescence responses to all particles were depressed, but no such changes were seen in patients with minor postoperative infection. No specific depression was seen in chemiluminescence responses to the isolated bacteria. The decreases found in chemiluminescence responses were not likely to be due to the operation, but at the time of measurement were probably due to the infection and reflect the depressed microbicidal capacity of granulocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Immunosuppressive effects of blood transfusion in anaesthesia and surgery.

The immunosuppressive effects of blood transfusion at surgical operations become manifest as enhanced graft survival, increased cancer recurrence and decreased patient survival, and increased susceptibility to postoperative infections. Blood transfusion in transplant recipients no longer offers this advantage when cyclosporine A is used. The deleterious effects of blood transfusion on the prognosis of some cancers found in the statistical analyses of retrospective studies are considered to be of increasing clinical importance. Therefore, unnecessary blood transfusions should be avoided and special attention directed to the use of autologous blood. Leucocyte-free red blood concentrates are the least immunosuppressive homologous blood preparations. Conventional red blood cell concentrates may also be used in cancer patients until ongoing prospective randomized studies confirm that there is a true association between the use of homologous blood and increased recurrence of cancer.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

Changes in granulocyte chemiluminescence and plasma fibronectin concentrations following major blunt trauma.

Chemiluminescence activity of granulocytes in phagocytosis of zymosan and Escherichia coli and their responses to chemoattractant N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were evaluated in 13 major blunt trauma patients (Injury Severity Score 31 +/- 6) and their plasma fibronectin concentrations were measured. Chemiluminescence responses to zymosan and E. coli were at control levels immediately after injury and a week thereafter, but responses to FMLP were increased compared to the controls (p less than 0.05). Plasma fibronectin concentrations were depressed on the day after trauma (p less than 0.001) but increased to control values over 1 week. The changes had no correlation with the patients' recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The relevance of metabolic and endocrine responses to anesthesia and surgery.

The development of anesthesia has reached a stage where the evaluation of the usefulness of metabolic and endocrine responses is highly important. At present, these responses are commonly modulated in patients known to benefit most (e.g. patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease and patients undergoing major abdominal surgery), but no methods of totally response-free anesthesia and surgery are available, nor are there methods for the modulation of the responses on a wide clinical scale. Fortunately, in most patients undergoing conventional elective operations good anesthetic care is sufficient for blunting of the responses. Better methods of modulating the responses may be available in the future, which will greatly change anesthesia practice.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

Adipose tissue fatty acids and blood pressure in middle-aged men from southern Italy.

Adipose tissue (AT) biopsies were performed in a random population sample of 74 clinically healthy middle-aged men (40-49 years) from southern Italy. The percentage of saturated fatty acids (FA) in AT was directly correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (p less than 0.01). This relationship was independent of smoking habit and body weight. AT of men in the upper DBP quintile (range 90-102 mmHg) was significantly richer in palmitic acid (p less than 0.01) compared to that of men in the lowest DBP quintile. Dietary history demonstrated that the overall intake of saturated fat (% energy) was similar in the two extreme DBP quintiles. There was a relatively higher consumption of fish by those in the lowest DBP quintile (p less than 0.05). The amount of monounsaturated fat consumed (% energy) was also higher (p less than 0.05) in men with low blood pressure. Men in the upper quintile of DBP consumed more eggs (p less than 0.05).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Granulocyte microbicidal function in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under balanced anaesthesia.

Granulocyte microbicidal functions were studied in 11 major abdominal surgery patients with the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method. The responses of granulocytes in phagocytosis of zymosan, S. aureus and E. coli and responses to N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) were unaffected by surgery. The percentage of high-peroxidase-activity cells among neutrophils was increased on postoperative days 1 (P less than 0.01) and 3-4 (P less than 0.05). We propose that microbicidal-related oxidative phagocytic functions of granulocytes are well maintained after major abdominal surgery under balanced anaesthesia.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Linoleic acid content in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease.

The possibility of an inverse relation between essential fatty acids in adipose tissue, in particular linoleic acid, and mortality from coronary heart disease was studied by a cross sectional survey of random population samples of apparently healthy men aged 40-49 from four European regions with differing mortality from coronary heart disease. The proportion of linoleic acid in adipose tissue was lowest in men from north Karelia, Finland, where mortality from coronary heart disease is highest, and highest in men from Italy, where mortality is lowest, with intermediate proportions in men from Scotland and south west Finland. Similar gradients were observed for the desaturation and elongation products dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid. The proportion of saturated fatty acids in adipose tissue was highest in Finland, intermediate in Scotland, and lowest in Italy. Italian men also had the highest proportion of oleate in their adipose tissue and the lowest proportion of myristoleate and palmitoleate. Finnish men were more obese and had a higher blood pressure. Serum cholesterol concentration was higher in north Karelia and south west Finland than in Scotland or Italy. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations reflected the regional differences in serum cholesterol, being higher in Finland and lower in Italy. The ratios of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol, however, did not differ. The regional differences in linoleic acid in adipose tissue remained highly significant when the observed differences in other known risk factors for coronary heart disease among the four areas were taken into account by multivariate analysis. The gradients in proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids probably reflect differences in dietary intake of linoleic acid.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Effects of coronary bypass surgery under high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia on granulocyte chemiluminescence.

Phagocytosis provides one of the body's first-line defences against invading bacteria. The present study evaluated granulocyte microbicidal-related oxidative mechanisms by measurement of chemiluminescence responses in the phagocytosis of zymosan, S. aureus, E. coli and N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) in 12 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery under high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. With preoperative values as a baseline, a significant depression of in vitro responses to zymosan was seen on days 1, 3-4 after operation and to S. aureus and E. coli on days 3-4 after operation, with recovery by days 6-7. Responses to FMLP were unaffected.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1986

Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on serum opsonic capacity.

Several factors of immune response are affected by anaesthesia and surgery. Opsonization as a phase of the phagocytic process was studied in ten patients undergoing cholecystectomy under balanced anaesthesia with thiopentone, suxamethonium, pancuronium, N2O + O2, fentanyl, dehydrobenzperidol and enflurane. The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence responses were depressed at the end of surgery in phagocytosis of patient-serum-opsonized zymosan and Bordetella pertussis (P less than 0.05). The responses to Bordetella pertussis were already depressed after the period of presurgery anaesthesia (P less than 0.05). The responses returned to preinduction values by the third postoperative day. Since the decreases could only be observed with diluted serum and there were no infectious complications in the patients, the serum opsonic capacity was considered clinically sufficient during and after anaesthesia and surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of pindolol on exercise-induced increase in plasma vasoactive prostanoids and catecholamines in healthy men.

The effect of intravenous pindolol (0.0256 mg/kg) on changes in plasma arachidonic acid (AA), some of its metabolites, and catecholamines induced by submaximal exercise was studied in six healthy male volunteers. Exercise resulted in markedly increased plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) from 0.13 +/- 0.01 to 0.27 +/- 0.02 pmol/ml (mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.05) and AA from 4.1 +/- 0.6 to 8.0 +/- 0.9 mumol/l (p less than 0.005). No significant changes were seen in plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or PGE2 during exercise. A marked increase in plasma noradrenaline was seen already at 15 min of exercise, while the adrenaline concentration increased significantly at 30 min of exercise and a very marked increase in the adrenaline concentration was seen at exhaustion. A positive correlation (r = 0.54; p less than 0.05) was seen between plasma TxB2 and plasma adrenaline during exercise. The peak increase in both of these parameters was seen simultaneously at exhaustion. Pindolol treatment resulted in almost total inhibition of the increase in plasma TxB2 and AA during exercise. Pindolol treatment also resulted in a significantly higher adrenaline level at exhaustion. These data seem to indicate that an increased sympathetic tone may result in an increased release of arachidonic acid in the formation of vasoconstrictive thromboxane A2.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing of 150 volunteers. Retesting results and antibody measurements.

We studied skin test reactivity to five commonly used antigens by testing 150 healthy adults. The delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin test is widely used to assess the immune status of patients. The battery of antigens suitable for use may vary in different countries, but the reactivity to the antigens in our population did not differ remarkably from reports of other authors. The reactivity rates were: candida 32.7%, mumps 86%, streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) 70%, trichophyton 0% and tuberculin 58.7%. Sixteen of the subjects were retested after 2 weeks. Only eight of them showed unchanged reactions to all five antigens. Specific IgG antibody concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against each of the five antigens in the serum of 42 subjects before and after testing showed great inter-individual variation. The antibody concentration did not correlate with the DH skin test results, but the testing itself increased the production of anti-mumps- and anti-SK-SD-antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of preoperative parenteral nutrition on cell-mediated immunity in malnourished patients.

Cell-mediated immunity was studied in 19 malnourished patients admitted for major abdominal surgery. Nine of them received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before operation (the TPN group), while ten (the control group) were operated on without a period of TPN. In vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), were measured in whole blood cultures preoperatively, at the end of surgery and 5 days after operation. In vivo delayed skin hypersensitivity to candida, mumps, streptokinase-streptodornase and PPD was studied preoperatively and 5 days after operation. Complications in both groups were observed and recorded. Nutritional assessment was carried out by evaluating the extent of recent weight loss, the weight for height index and by measuring the arm muscle circumference (AMC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), the creatinine-height index (CHI) and serum albumin and prealbumin concentrations. The patient was considered to be malnourished and was included in the study, if at least three of these criteria were abnormal. In the TPN group changes in mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferative responses caused by surgery were not significant. By contrast, responses in the control group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) during surgery and most of these responses differed from the preoperative values even at the fifth postoperative day. Anergy was equally common in both groups before and after surgery. The number of infectious complications was lower in the TPN group.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Impaired B lymphocyte function during open-heart surgery. Effects of anaesthesia and surgery.

B lymphocyte function in vitro was measured in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Conventional balanced anaesthesia, or high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia was used. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced lymphocyte transformation was depressed at the end of the operation, but the response to formalinized Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (StaCw) was not. The numbers of immunoglobulin producing and secreting cells measured by an indirect protein A plaque-forming cell assay decreased after PWM-stimulation, but remained unchanged after StaCw stimulation at the end of the operation. IgG, IgM and IgA secretion by PWM- and StaCw-stimulated lymphocytes, into the culture medium, was depressed in the period after operation. Depressed immune functions occurred after open-heart surgery, but not in association with anaesthesia alone before surgery. The decreases were not mediated by hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor cells. Minor differences between the two anaesthetic techniques were found in lymphocyte proliferative responses.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1984

Absence of signs of vitamin B12--nitrous oxide interaction in operating theatre personnel.

Inactivation of vitamin B12 by nitrous oxide leads to megaloblastic haematopoiesis. Peripheral blood counts and films, serum vitamin B12 and plasma and erythrocyte folate concentrations were studied in eight anaesthetists and seven internists to find if the interaction is an occupational health hazard to operating theatre personnel chronically exposed to trace concentrations of nitrous oxide. In addition, blood counts were studied in two retrospective materials of 118 operating theatre nurses working in scavenged operating theatres and in ten subjects working in unscavenged theatres. No definite signs of B12-nitrous oxide interaction could be observed in the peripheral blood samples from these persons.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltran↗
PubMed1984

T and B lymphocyte function in anaesthetists.

Humoral and cell-mediated immune functions of eight male anaesthetists working in scavenged operating theatres and eight male internists were compared. No differences could be observed between the groups in the numbers of unstimulated, pokeweed mitogen (PMW)- and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (StaCw)-stimulated plaque-forming (immunoglobulin producing and secreting) cells or in IgG, IgM and IgA amounts secreted into the culture medium by stimulated lymphocytes. The proliferative responses of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, PWM, StaCw and the purified protein derivative of tuberculin, and the function of the hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor cells were also similar in both groups. These results do not show any harmful effects of operating theatre work in scavenged theatres on T and B lymphocyte responses in male anaesthetists.

Adult↗