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Biomedical subjects

M Saleem

Publications and source records attributed to M Saleem.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses.

OBJECTIVE: To see yield of ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. SETTING: Department of General Surgery Unit I, Lahore General Hospital and North Surgical Unit, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. DESIGN: A prospective case-controlled study. SUBJECTS: Patients with spontaneous or post operative abdominal abscesses. RESULTS: Overall success rate was 96.2%, major complications 11.5%, minor complications 26.9% and mortality 3.8%. In simple abscesses (20 patients), the success rate was 100% and in complex abscesses (six patients) 83.4%, with respective mortality 0.0% and 16.6%. Mean hospital stay was 10.7 days (range 3-25). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses is an effective and safe method, suited particularly for simple abscesses.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia in Pakistan: experience in a Muslim country.

A service for prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia was introduced in Pakistan in May 1994. Two renowned Islamic scholars, consulted before the service was introduced, ruled that a pregnancy can be terminated if the fetus is affected by a serious genetic disorder, and if termination is before 120 days (17 weeks) of gestation. During the first 3(1/2) years of the service 300 couples requested the test. Almost all the couples had been informed by their treating doctors. Most diagnoses were made between 10 and 16 weeks of gestation, and only 15 (5%) were reached after the 16th week. DNA analysis was by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). A multiplex ARMS was developed in which three primer combinations identified the mutations in 91.5% of the couples. In 13 couples (4. 3%) linkage analysis was required for the fetal diagnosis. In 47/53 (88.7%) women carrying an affected fetus the pregnancy was terminated. In six cases it was declined principally on religious grounds. Postnatal confirmation of the prenatal diagnosis was possible in 117 unaffected children. One year after the start of the service, interviews with 141 couples with an affected child showed that 72% knew of the availability of prenatal diagnosis. Thirty-two of the informed couples had had a pregnancy, but only 18 (56%) used prenatal diagnosis. The main reasons for non-utilization of prenatal diagnosis were the cost of the test and fear of undergoing the test, though some gave no clear explanation. This study demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis is feasible and acceptable in a Muslim country such as Pakistan.

Attitude↗
PubMed1999

Ellagic acid ameliorates nickel induced biochemical alterations: diminution of oxidative stress.

Nickel, a major environmental pollutant is known for its clastogenic, toxic and carcinogenic potentials. The present investigation shows that ellagic acid proves to be exceptional in the amelioration of the nickel-induced biochemical alterations in serum, liver and kidney. Administration of nickel (250 micromol Ni/kg body wt) to female Wistar rats, resulted in increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content [kidney (*P<0.05) and liver (**P<0.001)] and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities [kidney and liver, (**P<0.001)]. Ellagic acid treatment to the intoxicated rats leads to the formation of soluble ellagic acid-metal complex which facilitates excretion of nickel from the cell or tissue, thus ameliorating nickel-induced toxicity, as evident from the down regulation of GSH content, GST and GR activities with concomitant restoration of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in liver and kidney. Our data shows that ellagic acid maintains cell membrane integrity through sequestration of metal ions from the extracellular fluid, as evident from the alleviated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared to nickel treated group. Similarly, the enhanced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels that are indicative of renal injury showed a reduction of about 45 and 40%, respectively. The data also show that treatment of ellagic acid after 30 min of nickel administration exhibits maximum inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, our data suggests that ellagic acid act as an effective chelating agent in suppressing nickel-induced renal and hepatic biochemical alterations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Endodermal sinus tumor of the maxillary sinus: a case report.

Endodermal sinus tumor is an uncommon malignant germ cell tumor that occurs in both gonadal and extragonadal tissues. Endodermal sinus tumors of the head and neck, exclusive of the central nervous system, are rare. We report a case of endodermal sinus tumor arising from the maxillary sinus in a 4-year-old boy. Combined treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy resulted in complete tumor regression.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Down's syndrome: prospects for prevention by antenatal diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: The results of a prospective study on cytogenetic analysis of Chorionic Villus Samples (CVS) taken in early pregnancy (after 10 weeks) from pregnant ladies aged between 22 and 50 years are being presented. OBJECTIVE: To find out the prevalence of chromosomal defects with advancing age of the mother. SETTING: Department of Medical Genetics, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. METHODS: A total of 48 samples have been studied. Ten patients were above the age of 35 years and 38 were below the age of 35 years. Chorionic villus samples were obtained after 10th week of pregnancy through transabdominal approach. Cytogenetic cultures were set up both by the direct and routine methods. RESULTS: Three out of the seven samples taken from expecting mothers aged above 35 and one culture from a patient aged less than 35, showed trisomy 21. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the fact that incidence of chromosomal aberrations and the Down's syndrome in particular, increases with the advancing maternal age. Prenatal studies can therefore be utilized to decrease the incidence of various chromosomal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP): a hospital based study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Acquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (AATT), possible aetiology, course and prognosis. DESIGN: Retrospectively diagnosed patients, treated and followed prospectively. SETTING: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. SUBJECTS: One hundred twenty patients with thrombocytopenic purpura. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response to treatment and course of disease. RESULTS: Out of 22 patients 2 died of cerebral haemorrhage, one transformed to Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), one transformed to Acute Myeloid Levkaenia (AML). None is transfusion independent. CONCLUSION: AATT is not an infrequent disorder. It shows poor response to all available therapeutic modalities and has a potential for transformation into Myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia-A: a basis for the Pakistani families.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of a PCR based strategy for prenatal diagnosis of Haemophilia-A in Pakistani Families. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. SUBJECTS: Five families with at least one child affected with Haemophilia-A. Each family comprised of father, mother, affected child and fetus when present. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis in the Intron 22 of factor VIII gene. RESULTS: PCR based analysis of the STR in intron 22 of factor VIII gene showed that the marker was informative in 4/5 study families and could be used in these families for the prenatal diagnosis of Haemophilia-A. In two families prenatal diagnosis was carried out by Chorionic Villus Sampling at 10-13 weeks gestation and the results in both the cases showed a carrier female fetus. CONCLUSION: Linkage based prenatal diagnosis of Haemophilia-A by an intragenic STR marker is feasible in most of the Pakistani families. The long term response of the Haemophiliac families to the availability of prenatal diagnosis remains to be seen. The STR marker can also be used for carrier detection of female subjects in the affected families.

Chorionic Villi Sampling↗
PubMed1998

Transverse sinus thrombosis and venous infarction of the brain following unilateral radical neck dissection.

Radical neck dissection is one of the commonest procedures performed in any unit dealing with head and neck surgery. Intracranial complications following this procedure are uncommon. Transverse sinus thrombosis and venous infarction of the brain following unilateral radical neck dissection have not been reported in the literature. We present a case in which this complication occurred following an uneventful radical neck dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Malignant schwannoma of the parapharyngeal space.

We present a case of malignant schwannoma (MS) of the parapharyngeal space which completely encircled the internal carotid artery in close proximity to the skull base and required resection of the internal carotid artery along with the excision of the tumour. There have been three previous case reports in the literature of malignant schwannoma of the parapharyngeal space of which one case was associated with neurofibromatosis. Our patient did not exhibit any feature of neurofibromatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An unusual cause of obstructive sleep apnoea presenting during pregnancy.

We describe a case of lingual thyroid (LT) with primary hypothyroidism, presenting during pregnancy and continuing beyond it with oropharyngeal obstructive symptoms and sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) of mixed type. Although SAS of a combined obstructive and central type should not be too surprising in a case of LT with hypothyroidism, we were unable to find such a documentation previously. Only four weeks of L-thyroxin treatment resulted in a dramatic improvement in dysphagia, disturbed phonation, haemoptysis, arterial desaturation, sleep apnoea and overall sleep efficiency, in conjunction with a regression in the size of the lingual mass. This case highlights the vagaries confronted in the management of such a case and focuses on efforts towards accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Fibrous histiocytoma of the larynx.

We present a case of fibrous histiocytoma of the larynx in a young female who presented eight years ago and is still alive and well with no evidence of any regional invasion or distant metastasis. This rare lesion has been described in 30 cases previously of which 26 were malignant and four benign. Our case is unusual in a sense that histologically it has not been possible to determine its exact biological behaviour and growth potential. However, clinically it behaved as a low-grade malignant tumour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Compartment syndrome in a free fibula osteocutaneous flap donor site.

Donor site morbidity for free fibula microvascular flaps is generally reported to be low and considered to be minor. We describe a case where the major complication of compartment syndrome occurred in a 15-year-old boy when the donor site defect was closed primarily after taking a skin paddle with a width of 4 cm. We recommend that when harvesting free fibula flaps in children, skin grafting of donor site should be considered irrespective of the width of the flap, if there is any doubt about the tightness of the closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Inherited and environmentally induced differences in mutation frequencies between wild strains of Sordaria fimicola from "Evolution Canyon".

We have studied whether there is natural genetic variation for mutation frequencies, and whether any such variation is environment-related. Mutation frequencies differed significantly between wild strains of the fungus Sordaria fimicola isolated from a harsher or a milder microscale environment in "Evolution Canyon," Israel. Strains from the harsher, drier, south-facing slope had higher frequencies of new spontaneous mutations and of accumulated mutations than strains from the milder, lusher, north-facing slope. Collective total mutation frequencies over many loci for ascospore pigmentation were 2.3, 3.5 and 4.4% for three strains from the south-facing slope, and 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.3% for five strains from the north-facing slope. Some of this between-slope difference was inherited through two generations of selfing, with average spontaneous mutation frequencies of 1.9% for south-facing slope strains and 0.8% for north-facing slope strains. The remainder was caused by different frequencies of mutations arising in the original environments. There was also significant heritable genetic variation in mutation frequencies within slopes. Similar between-slope differences were found for ascospore germination-resistance to acriflavine, with much higher frequencies in strains from the south-facing slope. Such inherited variation provides a basis for natural selection for optimum mutation rates in each environment.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1997

Discordant expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and invariant chain in interstitial dendritic cells. Implications for self-tolerance and immunity.

BACKGROUND: The invariant chain plays a crucial role in antigen presentation by influencing the expression and peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Therefore, coordinate expression of these molecules is important for antigen presentation. METHODS: Immunohistological studies were performed on frozen sections of many rat tissues in order to examine expression of invariant chain and MHC class II antigens. RESULTS: Although coordinately regulated in most tissues, the interstitial dendritic cell (and the renal tubular epithelial cell) was always negative for invariant chain, while strongly positive for MHC class II antigens. However, renal tubular epithelial cells strongly expressed invariant chain during kidney graft rejection. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of invariant chain in interstitial dendritic cells is unexpected, in view of their presumed function as sentinel antigen-presenting cells in the connective tissues. This might have important implications for antigen presentation for tolerance and immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr viral sequences and EBV LMP1 oncogene deletions in Burkitt's lymphoma from Pakistan: epidemiological correlations.

To investigate the potential relationship of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and to understand the significance of del-LMP-1 within EBV+ cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), we studied 10 cases of BL, 30 cases of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) arising in nonimmunocompromised patients, and 30 reactive tonsillar biopsy specimens from Pakistan. Each lymphoma was analyzed for EBV by EBER1 RNA in situ hybridization (EBV-RISH). Cases showing hybridization signal within neoplastic cells and all reactive tonsillar tissues were analyzed for EBV strain type by EBNA-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for the presence of a del-LMP-1 by PCR. Eight of 10 (80%) of BL were EBV+, each containing EBV strain A and a wild-type LMP-1 gene. In contrast, only 4 of 30 DLCL (13%) cases were EBV positive (three strain A, one strain B), each containing a wild-type LMP-1 gene. Fifteen of 30 tonsillar biopsy specimens contained EBV, all of which were strain A and wild-type for LMP1. The prevalence of EBV in BL from Pakistan is slightly lower than in BL in endemic regions, but significantly higher than in BL in North America. EBV positivity probably reflects the socioeconomic status of the patient population and age at seroconversion. The absence of del-LMP-1 within all EBV+ BL cases is consistent with the view that del-LMP-1 is not involved in the pathogenesis of BL, and the presence of del-LMP-1 in EBV+ cases of BL reported in other studies may likely reflect the prevalence of a viral strain containing the 30-bp deletion within the respective population studied.

Adolescent↗