[Considerations of the Barcelona Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma].
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Biomedical subjects
M Sala
Publications and source records attributed to M Sala.
Mouth-washings with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) do not improve grade III-IV oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing stem cell transplantation. Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
We investigated whether daily oral washings with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) solution improved grade III-IV oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing stem cell transplantation. Forty-one consecutive patients (21 males and 20 females, median age (range) 44 (16-69) years) were prospectively randomized to perform daily mouth-washes with either a 400 microg rhGM- CSF (Molgramostin, Schering-Plough) solution (group A, n = 18) or with a saline solution (group B, n = 23). Primary end-points were the intensity of OM, night rest quality and characteristics of food intake. Secondary end-points were need for and duration of parenteral nutrition, oral and intravenous analgesic requirements, incidence of viral or fungal oral infections and development of neutropenic fever. No differences were found between the placebo and rhGM-CSF-treated groups regarding overall duration of OM, maximum grade, reduction in at least one grade of OM (nine patients (56%) in group A vs 13 patients (68%) in group B), reduction of spontaneous or swallowing-induced pain, improvement in oral food intake, use of parenteral nutrition or use of systemic analgesics. In conclusion, mouth-washings with a 400 microg of rhGM-CSF solution do not improve severe OM in hematological patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.
Adolescent↗
[Type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and renal disease. Hepatitis C virus association].
UNLABELLED: Recently a number of studies have implicated C virus as a major cause of mixed cryoglobulinemia. Several authors described that up to 95% of "essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia could be attributed to this viral infection. Nevertheless, its prevalence and clinical significance are not well known. We review our experience in relation with the clinical, biological and evolutive characteristics of patients diagnosed of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. METHODS: Descriptive and protocolized study of all cases found to have type II mixed cryoglobulinemia over a period of 8 years. Secondary cryoglobulinemic nephropathy was defined in a restrictive way: a plasma creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl and/or proteinuria > 500 mg/24 h and/or hematuria (> 15 red blood cells) need to be present in the absence of any other pathological conditions that could justify these alterations. Furthermore, the information obtained from available kidney biopsies was considered. RESULTS: 62 patients have been detected. C virus infection was demonstrated in 44 (72%). 52% had clinical symptoms related with cryoglobulinemia. 56% had alteration of renal tests, and 17 (27%) fulfil the conditions for the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemic nephropathy (nearly all with persistent microhematuria, median proteinuria 4.2 +/- 3.9 g/24 h; median plasma creatinine 2.8 +/- 1.8 mg/dl). Nine patients had been histologically examined, showing 6 cases a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis pattern, one with associated extraglomerular vasculitis; two with mesangial proliferative pattern and one with membranous glomerulonephritis. The most striking differences between cryoglobulinemic nephropathy patients and the rest has been: higher amount of cryoglobulins (49 +/- 28 vs 20 +/- 22); more frequent hypocomplementemia, especially C4 (93% vs 59%) and recurrent purpura (75% vs 32%). No differences in the presence of C virus infection could be observed (75% vs 71%). IN CONCLUSION: 72% of patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia are infected by C virus (so 28% in our serie are "essential"); 52% have symptoms related with the presence of cryoglobulins, half of them with cryoglobulinemic nephropathy.
Adult↗
Effects of molsidomine on scopolamine-induced amnesia and hypermotility in the rat.
Nitric oxide (NO) is hypothesized to be a novel intracellular messenger in the central nervous system. Recently, NO involvement in learning and memory processes has been proposed. Compounds that inhibit nitric oxide synthase, the key synthesizing enzyme, may block cognition, while NO donors may facilitate it. The aim of this study was to assess in the rat the effects of the NO donor molsidomine (2 and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) on memory deficits caused by scopolamine. For this purpose, the object recognition task and the step-through passive avoidance procedure were chosen. In addition, the effects of molsidomine in antagonizing the scopolamine-induced hypermotility were also examined. Scopolamine at 0.2 mg/kg (object recognition) and 0.75 mg/kg (passive avoidance) disrupted acquisition in both the tasks and induced locomotor hyperactivity at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Molsidomine at either dose reversed the scopolamine-induced deficits in the object recognition paradigm but did not counteract the hypermotility and the deficits occurred in the passive avoidance test. These results suggest that to some extent, the NO donor molsidomine is involved in memory processing.
Amnesia↗
Intracerebral self-administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 in the rat: interaction with the opioid system.
The effect of CP 55,940 [(-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclo-hesanol], heroin and etonitazene on intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) self-administration in a free-choice procedure was evaluated in rats. Animals were trained in 1-h daily sessions with a continuous reinforcement schedule to press two active levers to obtain the vehicle of each drug. Then, when a stable baseline was reached, each drug could be self-administered by pressing the lever found to be less preferred during training, while the vehicle came from the other. The number of bar pressings associated with the delivery of increasing unit doses of CP 55,940 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 microg/2 microl/infusion), heroin (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 microg/2 microl/infusion) or etonitazene (0.1--0.2--0.5--1 microg/ 2 microl/infusion) and with the delivery of the corresponding vehicle was fitted by symmetrical parabolas. The mean drug intake was linearly related to the log of self-administered drugs. Pretreatment with SR141716A [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide] (0.5 mg/kg) or naloxone HCl (2 mg/kg/i.p.) 15 min before each daily session reduced the self-administration of both CP 55,940 and heroin. The combination of CP 55,940 with heroin or etonitazene reduced the number of drug-associated lever pressings compared to that obtained with the maximal reinforcing unit dose of each drug alone. These findings suggest there may be a strong interaction between opioids and the cannabinoid system.
Analgesics↗
Involvement of CDC25Mm/Ras-GRF1-dependent signaling in the control of neuronal excitability.
Ras-GRF1 is a neuron-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras proteins. Mice lacking Ras-GRF1 (-/-) are severely impaired in amygdala-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity and show higher basal synaptic activity at both amygdala and hippocampal synapses (Brambilla et al., 1997). In the present study we investigated the effects of Ras-GRF1 deletion on hippocampal neuronal excitability. Electrophysiological analysis of both primary cultured neurons and adult hippocampal slices indicated that Ras-GRF1-/- mice displayed neuronal hyperexcitability. Ras-GRF1-/- hippocampal neurons showed increased spontaneous activity and depolarized resting membrane potential, together with a higher firing rate in response to injected current. Changes in the intrinsic excitability of Ras-GRF1-/- neurons can entail these phenomena, suggesting that Ras-GRF1 deficiency might alter the balance between ionic conductances. In addition, we showed that mice lacking Ras-GRF1 displayed a higher seizure susceptibility following acute administration of convulsant drugs. Taken together, these results demonstrated a role for Ras-GRF1 in neuronal excitability.
Action Potentials↗
[Infectious complications associated with liver transplantation: analysis of 104 patients].
OBJECTIVE: Infectious complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality during the first year after liver transplantation. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence, microorganisms and factors associated with the development of infectious complications. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective analysis of infectious episodes during the first year after transplantation in 104 patients undergoing transplantation between April 1995 and December 1996. The various clinical variables related to the pre-transplant disease, the surgical intervention and post-transplant evolution were evaluated with the aim of identifying predictive factors for the development of bacterial infectious complications. RESULTS: During the first year, 51 patients (49%) presented 111 infectious episodes. The most frequent infections were bacterial (66%); 21% were cytomegalovirus infections and 22% were fungal. The incidence of bacterial infections was highest during the first month (80% of all infectious episodes in this period). Two variables were independently associated with the development of bacterial infections in the first month following transplantation: prolonged ischemia of the graft (p = 0.002) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.002). Infectious complications caused 8 of the 11 deaths that occurred during the 1-year follow-up. Mortality associated with invasive fungal infections was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall incidence of infections and associated mortality has decreased, it remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the first year after transplantation.
Female↗
Conditioned place preference induced by the cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940: interaction with the opioid system.
Cannabinoids appear atypical as drugs of abuse since controversial data exist concerning the ability to lower the thresholds for electrical self-stimulation (Stark and Dews, 1980; Gardner et al., 1988; Gardner, 1992) and to support self-administration (Martellotta et al., 1998; Tanda et al., 2000) or conditioned place preference in animals (Lepore et al., 1995; Parker and Gillies, 1995; McGregor et al., 1996; Sañudo-Peña et al., 1997; Chaperon et al., 1998; Hutcheson et al., 1998; Mallet and Beninger, 1998; Cheer et al., 2000; Valjent and Maldonado, 2000). Opioids and cannabinoids share some pharmacological properties (Manzanares et al., 1999). The most interactions were found in antinociception (Welch and Stevens, 1992; Smith et al., 1994) and, to a lesser extent, in drug reinforcement (Chen et al., 1990; Vela et al., 1995; Tanda et al., 1997). In the present study we asked whether: (1) a potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, [(-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptil)-phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxy propyl) cyclohexanol] (CP 55,940) (from 10 to 40 microg/kg), which binds to the brain cannabinoid receptors with high affinity (Herkenham et al., 1991), would induce conditioned place preference, in comparison with heroin (from 0.1 to 5 mg/kg); (2) what type of receptor was involved; (3) what kind of interaction there was between the two drugs, when given in combination, on reward. CP 55,940 elicited a conditioned place preference only at a dose of 20 microg/kg similar in intensity to that of heroin (2 mg/kg). The reinforcing properties of the cannabinoid agonist were fully antagonised by pretreatment with the brain cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB(1)) antagonist, [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl) 1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl pyrazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride] (SR 141716A) and naloxone. The combination of CP 55,940 and heroin, at the reinforcing doses, led to a reward which did not show any additive effect. Taken together these findings are important for understanding how the cannabinoids produce reward and the interconnection of the opioid and cannabinoid system in the motivation.
Analgesics↗
Increased risk of tumor seeding after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma.
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an alternative to percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for single nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is currently used as adjuvant therapy before liver transplantation. This phase II study assesses the treatment-related complications and response rate of RF for the treatment of single HCC < or = 5 cm. Percutaneous RF was performed under conscious sedation and ultrasound (US) guidance with an electrical generator connected to a single cooled-tip electrode. Neoplastic cells in peripheral blood (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for alpha fetoprotein [AFP] messenger RNA) were analyzed before and after RF. Treatment response was assessed by spiral computed tomography (CT) at 1 month and every 3 months by US or spiral CT thereafter. Thirty-two patients (20 men; age 67 +/- 4 years; 78% hepatitis C virus; 24 Child-Pugh A) with a mean tumor size of 2.8 cm (25 patients < or = 3 cm) were treated by RF (1.25 sessions; mean time, 22.1 +/- 2 minutes). Adjuvant PEI was performed in 9 cases. Complete response was achieved in 21 patients (65%), being significantly higher for HCC < or = 3 cm (76% vs. 29%, P = .03). After a median follow-up of 10 months, 8 patients showed treatment-related morbidity. Four of them (12.5%) showed biopsy-proven needle-track seeding detected between 4 to 18 months. Neoplastic seeding was related to subcapsular location (P = .009), poor differentiation degree (P = .02), and baseline AFP levels (P = .02). Thus, RF ablation with cooled-tip needle for HCC is associated with a high risk of neoplastic seeding. Iatrogenic dissemination was related to subcapsular location or an invasive tumoral pattern, and has to be considered when selecting curative treatments for HCC or adjuvant therapies before liver transplantation.
Aged↗
Eptastigmine: ten years of pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetic, and clinical studies.
Eptastigmine (heptyl-physostigmine tartrate) is a carbamate derivative of physostigmine in which the carbamoylmethyl group in position 5 of the side chain has been substituted with a carbamoylheptyl group. In vitro and ex vivo results suggest that eptastigmine has a long-lasting reversible brain cholinesterase (i.e., acetylcholinesterase and butyryl-cholinesterase) inhibitory effect. When administered in vivo to rodents by various routes, eptastigmine inhibits cerebral acetylcholinesterases (AChE) and increases acetylcholine (Ach) brain levels by 2500-3000%, depending on the dose. This effect leads to an improvement in the cerebral blood flow in the ischemic brain, excitatory and inhibitory effects on the gastrointestinal tract and to a protection from acute soman and diisopropylfluorophosphate intoxication. Eptastigmine, by either acute or chronic administration, has been found to have memory enhancing effects in different species of normal, aged and lesioned animals. It also restored to normal the age-related increase of EEG power without affecting spontaneous motor activity. Clinical investigations on more than 1500 patients with Alzheimer's disease demonstrated that eptastigmine significantly improved cognitive performance (as assessed by the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale) as compared with placebo. This improvement was most evident in patients with more severe cognitive impairment at the baseline. The relationship between patient performance and average steady-state AChE inhibition was described by an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. Pharmacokinetic studies have revealed that after oral administration eptastigmine is rapidly distributed to the tissues and readily enters the CNS, where it can be expected to inhibit AChE for a prolonged period. Eptastigmine is generally well tolerated and the majority of adverse events (cholinergic) were mild to moderate in intensity. However, the adverse hematologic (granulocytopenia) effects reported in two studies have resulted in the suspension of further clinical trials.
Acetylcholine↗
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurological development in children: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are complex mixtures of persistent contaminants that are widespread in the environment. Newborns are exposed across the placenta and through breast feeding. Experimental animal studies have indicated that PCBs are neurotoxic. The neurological effects of these compounds on children are not clear. METHODS: A systematic review of literature on the relation between neurological development in children and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. RESULTS: Seven follow up studies evaluated the effect of prenatal exposure to PCBs. Two of these studies evaluated highly exposed children. In newborns, an increase of the abnormal reflexes was observed in all four studies evaluating it. During the first months of life, a decrease in motor skills was observed in four of the five studies that investigated psychomotor development; deficits in the acquisition of cognitive skills were observed only in one study assessing non-highly exposed populations. At 4 years of age, an effect on the cognitive areas was observed in four of the five studies that evaluated it. Postnatal exposure to PCBs through breast feeding was not clearly related to any effect on neurological development. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest a subtle adverse effect of prenatal PCBs exposure on child neurodevelopment. Differences in study design, inconsistency in some of the results, and the lack of adequate quantitative exposure data, do not allow the derivation of the degree of risk associated with neurodevelopmental effects at current levels of exposure.
Breast Feeding↗
Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population.
OBJECTIVES: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a highly lipophilic organochlorine compound of widespread environmental occurrence, that accumulates in the biological system. It affects the porphyrine metabolism, thyroid hormones, and the liver function in animals. Although HCB is one of the most common organochlorine compound in humans, little investigation on its health effects has been done. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are also widespread toxic environmental contaminants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum HCB and PCB concentrations with thyroid hormone status and liver enzymes in human. METHODS: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free thyroxine (T4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured as biological markers of thyroid and liver function in a rural population sample older than 14 years (n=192, except for TSH with n=608) highly exposed to HCB. Serum concentrations of HCB were measured by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounding variables, there was a significant negative association between serum HCB concentrations and total T4 (a decrease of 0.32 microg/dl per each unit, ln ng/ml, of increase of HCB) and a positive association with GGT (a relative increase of 10 % per each ln unit of increase of HCB), although most subjects (92%) were within the normal range for both T4 and GGT. These associations were not modified after adjustment for total lipid content or for other organochlorine compounds. The association of T4 and GGT with PCB was smaller although significant. No association was found with the other biochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the internal dose of HCB of this population may reflect a subtle metabolic effect on thyroid function and an enzymatic induction activity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the health impact of these effects in more susceptible populations, such as infants.
Adolescent↗
Pulmonary nocardiosis: clinical experience in ten cases.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infrequent infection whose incidence seems to be increasing due to a higher degree of clinical suspicion and the increasing number of immunosuppressive factors. OBJECTIVE: To study the predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatment and progress of pulmonary nocardiosis (PN). METHODS: Review of 10 patients (9 male, 1 female, mean age 61) with PN in a 600-bed teaching hospital, diagnosed from 1992 to 1999. RESULTS: Associated diseases observed were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 6 patients, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 3 and polymyalgia rheumatica in 1. Four patients had received oral corticotherapy for COPD for over a year (mean dose 13 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent). The main reason for consultation was an increase in dyspnea in the patients with COPD (6/6) and fever in those with HIV (3/3). Mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 5 weeks. In 8 patients, the infection occurred outside the hospital setting. The infection was restricted to the lung in 9/10; in the remaining case, the central nervous system (CNS) and subcutaneous tissue were affected. Lobar or multilobar consolidation was the most frequent radiographic pattern found (6/10). Sputum culture was positive when performed (8 cases). Diagnosis was made or confirmed by bronchoscopy (bronchoaspirate or protected specimen brush) in 5 patients. Germs isolated were: Nocardia asteroides (8/10), Nocardia farcinica (1/10), Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (1/10). Cotrimoxazole was the most used empirical treatment (6/10). Resolution was achieved in 5 cases. Four subjects died: 1 HIV patient with disseminated nocardiosis, and 3 COPD patients, 2 of whom had received long-term corticotherapy. Illness recurred in only 1 case, due to failure to comply with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: (1) In our geographical setting Nocardia presents as a subacute or chronic pulmonary infection, mainly outside the hospital. (2) It tends to affect only the lung. (3) Diagnosis requires a high clinical suspicion, and can be made on the basis of a sputum culture. (4) Nocardia tends to attack patients with underlying COPD, or immunodepressed patients treated with glucocorticoids, or patients with HIV infection. (5) Mortality is high in both COPD and HIV patients. (6) In our area, cotrimoxazole seems to be the most commonly prescribed treatment.
Adult↗
CP 55,940 protects against ischemia-induced electroencephalographic flattening and hyperlocomotion in Mongolian gerbils.
The effect of CP 55,940, on electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power decrease and hyperlocomotion induced by transient global ischemia in gerbils, was investigated. Animals were treated with CP 55,940 (4 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) 5 min after bilateral carotid occlusion or SR 141716A (3 mg/kg i.p.) 5 min before or with both. Mean total and relative spectral power was evaluated for 1 h before (basal) and 1 and 24 h, 3 and 7 days after ischemia. Spontaneous locomotor activity was evaluated at the same times. CP 55,940 antagonized the reduction in mean total spectral power and the hyperlocomotion induced by ischemia, in comparison with vehicle group, starting from 24 h and lasting 7 days (P<0.001). Pretreatment with SR 141716A completely blocked the neuroprotective effect of CP 55,940. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids in cerebral ischemia.
Analgesics↗
Host specificity of abomasal nematodes in free ranging alpine ruminants.
Abomasums from 641 alpine wild ruminants representing five different species (Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capra ibex, Ovis musimon) and from 19 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from alpine areas were examined in order to investigate the host-specificity of abomasal helminths. Nine out of 20 helminth species were found in at least five different host species. A discriminant analysis was able to significantly discriminate the hosts on the basis of their helminth community composition with the exception of O. musimon and O. aries. Based on the correlation between each variable represented by helminth species with the most explanatory discriminant axis, it was possible to classify helminths into specialists and generalists. Specialists are represented by the dominant species in a community of an host species or family while generalists appear in the communities of many different hosts as intermediate species. Due to the pathogenic potential of some of these generalist species (i.e. Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei) and their ability to adapt easily to the conditions found in several different hosts, they appear to be the most important from a sanitary point of view.
Abomasum↗
Cannabinoid-induced working memory impairment is reversed by a second generation cholinesterase inhibitor in rats.
Cannabinoids which impair rat working memory appear to inhibit hippocampal extracellular acetylcholine (Ach) release and reduce choline uptake through an interaction with CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Here we report that CP 55,940, a potent bicyclic synthetic cannabinoid analog, dose-dependently impaired rat performance, when given i.p. 20 min before an eight-arm radial maze test. The selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A, given i.p. 20 min earlier, significantly reduced the memory deficit Pretreatment with eptastigmine, a second generation cholinesterase inhibitor, given orally 100 min before the cannabinoid agonist, relieved the memory impairment without affecting CP 55,940-induced behavioural alterations such as reduced spontaneous motor activity, analgesia and hind limb splaying. These data suggest that cannabinoid-induced working memory impairment is mediated through a central cholinergic blockade.
Animals↗
In vivo characterization of the specific cannabinoid receptor antagonist, SR141716A: behavioral and cellular responses after acute and chronic treatments.
To characterize the behavioral and biochemical effects of the cannabinoid CB1 antagonist SR141716A, we injected the compound intraperitoneally (ip) at doses from 0.625 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg in rats. SR141716A per se induced a dose-dependent increase of some behavioral signs such as wet dog and head shakes, forepaw fluttering, grooming, and facial rubbing. When the highest dose of SR141716A (5 mg/kg ip) was injected once a day for four days, tolerance developed to most of the behavioral signs, although with different time courses, except for grooming behavior, which was still significantly different from controls after the fourth injection although reduced by 38% from the first. To characterize the biochemical mechanism underlying these effects, we designed a series of biochemical studies on specific cerebral areas from rats treated with the highest dose of SR141716A (5 mg/kg ip). Thirty minutes after SR141716A injection, cAMP accumulation in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, mesencephalon, and cerebellum was the same as in controls, whereas protein kinase A (PKA) activity was significantly increased in the hippocampus (65%) and striatum (87%). To explain this difference, we performed a cAMP assay at an early time (10 min) and found a significant increase in the striatum and hippocampus, suggesting that the change in cAMP level is the earliest event in the G protein-coupled receptor transduction pathway ending in a pharmacological effect after 30 min. When the same assays were done in tolerant animals, no change was seen in either cAMP levels or PKA activity in the brain areas considered. To conclude, we found in vivo that SR141716A acts through activation of the cAMP cascade and our results represent an important point for developing potential therapeutic application for SR141716A.
Animals↗
Neoplasia of plasma cells with atypical presentation and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. A presentation of two cases.
Neoplasia of plasma cells acquires special clinical characteristics in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These patients are much younger at the time of diagnosis, and when they are compared with the general population they show an atypical clinical evolution, with a greater frequency of solitary plasmacytomas, less evidence of a monoclonal plasmatic component, or greater aggressiveness of the neoplastic process. This paper provides the most significant data on two patients infected by HIV and diagnosed for plasma cell neoplasia. Recent pathogenetic hypotheses for plasma cell neoplasias that include immune alterations, chronic viral infections, and hyperexpression of cytokines exist in patients infected by HIV, and this could suggest that this type of neoplasia is another malignant haematological process associated with AIDS.
Adult↗