Biomedical subjects

M Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakurai.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Mass screening for neuroblastoma in Japan. Committee of the Neuroblastoma Mass Screening Study of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Oncology.

The present status of NB mass screening in Japan, which is the first national trial in the world, is presented. This program was conducted in cooperation with infants' mothers, local health centers, screening centers and hospitals. Three hundred and thirty-seven cases detected by the program, from the start in Kyoto in 1974 to the end of 1989, are analyzed. As many cases were detected at early stages, 97% of them were expected to be cured. Several clinical, technical and programmatic problems are also discussed.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Effects of epinephrine in local dental anesthetics on plasma catecholamine concentration and circulation.

To determine the hemodynamic effects of 40 micrograms of epinephrine in local dental anesthetics, circulatory parameters and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured for 30 minutes after injection of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (E-L group) or without epinephrine (L-group) in fully conscious healthy young volunteers. The plasma epinephrine concentrations significantly increased in the E-L group (320.9 +/- 47.9 pg/ml) after the injection, but did not change in the L-group. The plasma norepinephrine concentrations did not change in either group after the injection. The differences in each circulatory parameter between both groups (parameters in the E-L group minus those in the L-group) at 5 minutes after the injection were +6% in heart rate, +6% in RPP (rate pressure product), +12% in stroke volume index, +22% in cardiac index, -17% in diastoric blood pressure, -22% in total peripheral resistance, -11% in mean arterial pressure, and +/- 0% in systolic blood pressure. The significant increase in cardiac output and significant reduction in total peripheral resistance results in little change in mean arterial pressure. These results suggest that oral submucosal injection of 40 micrograms of epinephrine accelates the cardiac performance, with little change in blood pressure and heart rate.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Quantities of agaritine in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and the carcinogenicity of mushroom methanol extracts on the mouse bladder epithelium].

Consumption of the Agaricus species mushrooms has increased considerably in Japan as the Japanese have become accustomed to Western cooking. The Agaricus species mushroom contains hydrazine derivatives known as Agaritine. Bladder implantation was performed to test the carcinogenic potential of the Agaricus species mushroom which contains large quantities of Agaritine. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Agaritine was detected in fresh Agaricus bisporus mushrooms at the level of 228.2 micrograms/wet weight and in Shiitake (Agaricus edodes) mushrooms at 0.82 microgram/g wet weight, but was not detected in either canned Agaricus bisporus mushrooms or Matsutake (Armillaria edodes) mushrooms. 2) The observed rates of mouse urinary bladder carcinoma were 30.8% for fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), 23.5% for fresh Shiitake (Agaricus edodes), 9.8% for dry Shiitake, 50% for synthesized Agaritine and 5.4% for paraffin wax as a control. The methanol extract of fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and synthesized Agaritine were found to be significantly carcinogenic on the mouse bladder epithelium by the bladder implantation test with a probability of less than 0.01. 3) A large quantity of Agaritine was detected in fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), but decreased after boiling the mushrooms in water at 100 degrees C for 10 min. 4) The methanol extract of fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and synthesized Agaritine are suggested to be the agents for producing cancer in the bladder epithelium. 5) Adding heat to mushrooms containing Agaritine before cooking contributes to the prevention of any potential Agaritine hazard which may induce carcinogenic changes in the bladder epithelium.

Agaricus↗

PubMed1990

[Interstitial brachytherapy for malignant gliomas using the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) stereotactic system].

Eleven patients harboring recurrent or deep-seated malignant gliomas were treated by interstitial brachytherapy with 192Ir seed assembly, between June 1987 and September 1989. Implantations for the afterloaded catheter were performed using the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) CT guided stereotactic system. The number of seeds and the distribution of the implants were chosen in such a way that the minimum tumor dose of 30-50Gy could be delivered to the surface or 1cm beyond the rim of the contrast enhancement. The radioactive sources were held in the afterloaded catheters that were removed after the desired dose had been delivered. Response to therapy was measured by serial CT scans and clinical examination. Tumor regressions were seen by CT scans made 2 or 3 months after implantation. One tumor showed complete regression (CR), four showed partial response (PR), one showed minor response (MR) and 5 showed no change (NC). Overall response rate was 54%. Six patients died 3 to 18 months following implantation, and five are still alive 7 to 27 months after implantation. No complications such as infection or hemorrhage were observed during the treatment. A patient harboring large (6.5cm in diameter) recurrent glioblastoma in the rt. parietal robe required a craniotomy due to the mass growing for one and half month after implantation, and radiation necrosis of the entire tumor mass was documented. The technique of stereotactic interstitial implantation was clinically well tolerated and easily reproducible and our preliminary results seemed encouraging. Technical improvement to achieve an adequate isodose distribution to cover the tumor volume might lead to improved survival rates.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Correlation between histologic grading and prognosis of prostatic cancer--comparing the grading system of the Japanese general rules of prostatic cancer with Gleason's grading].

To evaluate the correlation between the histological grade and the prognosis, we reviewed 100 cases of prostatic cancer according to the Japanese General Rules of Prostatic Cancer (JGRPC) and Gleason grading system. The study led to the following results: (1) There was a close relation between the JGRPC grade and Gleason score (GS). (2) The JGRPC grade and Gleason score were equally concerned with the clinical stage. (3) There were significant differences in survival rate between well and moderately, well and poorly differentiated groups by the JGRPC grading system, and between GS 2-4 and GS 5-7, GS 2-4 and GS 8-10 groups by Gleason score. (4) In proportion to the JGRPC grade, the cancer death rate increased linearly in each stage. (5) When the patients were grouped according to their JGRPC grades of main lesion and accompanied lesion, the cancer death rate increased in the cases with lower differentiated elements. We conclude that the JGRPC grading system is easily comprehensible, and equal with the Gleason grading system to predict the prognosis of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

[A case report of redo A-C bypass for MCLS performed 13 years after initial surgery].

This is the first report of re-aortocoronary bypass for Kawasaki's disease. The patient is a 22-year old female. She was afflicted with Kawasaki's disease at the age of 6 and had the symptom of angina pectoris at the age of 9. She went through the first aortocoronary bypass, to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the right coronary artery (RCA) with saphenous vein graft (SVG). After the first operation, the graft to LAD occluded totally, but she remained asymptomatic and well for 11 years. She had a sudden recurrence of anginal attack at the age of 20. The examinations confirmed ischemia of the anterior wall (LAD area) and the lateral wall (LCX area). Coronary angiography revealed patent SVG with a moderate sign of sclerotic change. We decided on re-aortocoronary bypass, left mammary artery to LAD and gastroepiploic artery to LCX, when she was 22-years old. LIMA was anastomosed to LAD, but LCX was not revascularized, because LCX was not identified and exposed in the operation. In spite of incomplete revascularization, postoperative stress ECG test was negative. Tl-myocardial scintigram confirmed no ischemia of the anterior wall and greatly reduced ischemia in the lateral wall. She became asymptomatic and returned to normal life.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Survey of enteropathogenic agents in children with and without diarrhoea in Ghana.

A survey was carried out over 1 year in a rural area of Ghana on the isolation, detection and/or identification of enteric pathogens from children under 5 years of age with and without diarrhoea. The isolation and detection rate of Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Giardia lamblia and Rotavirus were higher in children with diarrhoea than in controls. Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not isolated during the period of this survey. The incidence of other enteropathogenic bacteria and parasites identified in the diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal children was calculated and is discussed in this study.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

[Results of patch test using mite components in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. 1st report. "As is patch test" using crushed mites].

UNLABELLED: As is patch test using crushed live mites and crushed dried dead mites of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.), Dermatophagoides farinae (D.f.), & Tryophagus ptrescentiae (T.p.) was performed on 49 AD patients and 18 control patients suffering from dermatitis other than AD. RESULTS: 1) with crushed dried dead mites all patients showed negative reactions but with live mites 11 among 49 AD patients were positive (22.4%); 2) female mites were more positive than males at the rate 8:1; 3) with cases positive to mites, (a) D.p. was positive in all 11 positive cases (100%), (b) D.f. was negative in 5 cases (0%), and (c) T.p. was positive in 2 cases among 4 (50%); 4) because of the pathological manifestations of spongiosis and the infiltration of histiocytes and lymphocytes, the possibility of contact allergy to mite elements was suggested, as a mechanism of atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Result of "as is patch test" using mite elements in atopic dermatitis (AD) patient. 2nd report, "Mite lipid"].

The antigenicity of mite lipid was studied, taking atopic dermatitis as an allergic disease. Lipid was extracted from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and D. farinae (Df). It was tentatively designated a mite lipid antigen (Dp-L, Df-L), and then a patch test was performed. An extract from animal food (LC) and acetone were used as the controls. With only Dp-L, a positive reaction of more than one plus (+) of the ICDRG standard was noted in 3 out of 21 cases of AD. Histology of the above-mentioned positive cases revealed spongiosis and infiltration of small round cells in the upper dermis along with scattered eosinophiles. Leu 6 positive cells were noted frequently in the epidermis and dermis. The lipid components of Dp-L were made up mostly of phospholipid and triglycerides+, and lipoprotein was not contained. Judging from the findings above it appears necessary to study not only protein but also lipid in connection with the mite antigenicity++ in AD in the future.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Assessment of the biological activity of residual or recurrent neuroblastoma tumors with 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy].

131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is now accepted as a useful agent for the diagnosis of adrenal medullary tumor. The aim of this paper is to evaluate 131I-MIBG for the assessment of the biological activity of residual or recurrent tumor after initial treatment in patients with neuroblastoma. Nineteen scans were performed for 9 patients, mean age 3.5 years-old. Computed tomography demonstrated paravertebral mass in six and metastatic liver tumor in four cases. Anterior and posterior images of the thorax and abdomen were taken 48-72 hours after injection of 7.4-18.5 MBq (0.2-0.5 mCi) 131I-MIBG. Positive images were obtained in 8 scans for four patients and followed by rapid growth of tumor and increased urinary dopamine. The biological activity of residual or recurrent tumor was thought to be high in these patients. Eleven scans for 5 patients revealed negative. In four of them, the tumor size reduced and urinary dopamine value remained within normal limits on the follow-up study. The tumor was assumed to have low biological activity in these patients. One case in which initial scan was negative became positive on the follow-up study. 131I-MIBG activity did not well correlate with urinary vanillylmandelic acid as compared with urinary dopamine. In conclusion, 131I-MIBG proved to be useful for assessing biological activity of residual or recurrent tumor of neuroblastoma and estimating the prognosis of the patient.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗

PubMed1990

Human pulmonary infection with Corynebacterium equi.

A 28 year old man with no underlying disease developed a cavity and multiple nodules in the lung from which Corynebacterium equi was isolated. He experimented with organic solvents and microorganisms including Corynebacterium species for several years. Computed tomography of his pulmonary lesions revealed that these nodules were related to the bronchial tree. Histologically, the lesions were compatible with nonspecific inflammatory changes. The clinician must suspect the pulmonary infections with Corynebacterium species even if the patient has no underlying disease.

Actinomycetales Infections↗

PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on aztreonam in neonates].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam (AZT) were performed in neonates. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of AZT were determined in 12 neonates with ages between 0 and 7 days (birth weights were between 1,260 and 3,500 g) upon intravenous injection or 1 hour drip intravenous infusion of AZT at 20 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of AZT at 1 hour after i.v. administration were 54.0 +/- 12.5 micrograms/ml, and half-lives were 6.01 +/- 0.70 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion with levels of 42.1 +/- 17.6 micrograms/ml in the d.i.v. group and half-lives were 6.40 +/- 1.88 hours. Urinary recovery rates in the first 12 hours after administration were 28.5 +/- 6.4% for the i.v. group and 32.3 +/- 13.9% for the d.i.v. group. AZT was administered to 12 neonatal patients (2 cases of sepsis, 2 cases of suspected sepsis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infection and 3 cases for prophylaxis), and clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. Clinical efficacies in 9 cases except 3 cases with prophylactic use were excellent in 1 case, good in 5 cases, fair in 1 case, poor in 1 case and unknown in 1 case, thus the efficacy rate was 75%. Bacteriological effects in 3 strains with Gram-negative bacilli were eradicated in 2 strains and unchanged in 1 strain, hence the bacteriological eradication rate was 66.7%. Increased GOT and GPT were observed in 1 cases as abnormal laboratory test results, but the abnormality was not serious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aztreonam↗

PubMed1990

[Postpolio late progressive muscular atrophy--clinical and epidemiologic analyses in 4 Japanese cases].

Four Japanese cases of postpolio progressive muscular atrophy (PPMA) of late onset were clinically studied to characterize their clinical features and discussed upon the epidemiologic viewpoint. Four male patients were included with mean age of 43.5 (30-59) years on examination, diagnosed as PPMA after the criteria by Alter (1982) and Dalakas (1986). All suffered from polio at age 10 month to 8 years (mean: 3y) between 1931 and 1957 with residual motor paresis in one limb or two. Twenty-eight to 55 (mean: 40.3) years later, subsequent muscle weakness and atrophy appeared in the limb seemingly unaffected by the initial polio attack. Marked fasciculations and occasional myalgias were noticed without sensory disturbance and bulbar as well as upper motor neuron signs. Laboratory examinations revealed moderate elevations of serum CK and protein content in SCF. No significant elevation of polio virus antibody titers was found in both serum and CSF. Electromyography showed neurogenic changes of various degrees by muscle tested. Muscle CT disclosed patchy distribution of atrophied muscles with fatty replacement in all extremities. Spinal cord MRI images were unremarkable. Scatters of small grouped atrophy and fiber type grouping were noticed on muscle biopsy specimens. These findings summarized in our cases are generally compatible with those of hereby reported PPMA cases. On reviewing the western literature and the great epidemic of polio around 1960 in Japan, an increasing number of patients with PPMA can be anticipated in near future; possibly in 10 years.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of norfloxacin in children].

We administered norfloxacin (NFLX) to 16 children aged 3 to 14 year-old at the dose of 5.2 to 17.2 mg/kg/day. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of NFLX in 6 children with respiratory tract infections, 8 urinary tract infections, and 2 gastrointestinal tract infections. Efficacy rate of NFLX was 93.8% and eradicated rate was 92.9%. Any adverse effects were not observed. These results suggested that NFLX could be used safely to the children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[A case of renal schwannoma].

A case of renal schwannoma is presented. A 51-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of a left renal mass on April, 16, 1987. A drip infusion pyelogram showed encasement of the lower and medial calyx. An abdominal CT-scan showed a 2.5 cm mass with irregular density. Selective left renal arteriography showed the hypovascular tumor of the left kidney. Transperitoneal radical nephrectomy was performed on May, 1, 1987. Histological diagnosis was renal schwannoma arising from renal pelvis. The patient was well without recurrence 20 months after operation. Our present case is the 12th case of renal schwannoma reported in the English and Japanese literature.

Female↗

PubMed1989

[Siderotic regenerating nodules in liver cirrhosis--evaluation by gradient echo (FLASH) imaging 1.5T].

In three patients with histologically proven liver cirrhosis, a large number of small, low-intensity nodule(SLIN)s was clearly seen on gradient echo(GRE) images which are sensitive to field inhomogeneity. A histological study revealed that the SLINs corresponded to the regenerating nodules, laden with iron, of liver cirrhosis. As TE was prolonged, the SLINs increased in size in all three cases and fused with each other in one of three cases on GRE images. This phenomenon suggests that the magnetic susceptibility effect due to iron included in the regenerating nodules is the cause for the regenerating nodules shown as SLINs on GRE images, and that one SLIN does not always correspond to one regenerating nodule. We conclude that GRE images should be considered important for diagnosis of regenerating nodules in liver cirrhosis.

Female↗

PubMed1989

Cytogenetic studies of 103 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in relapse.

In order to investigate the cytogenetic patterns in relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), a clinical and cytogenetic follow-up of patients newly diagnosed for the Fourth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia (4IWCL) was evaluated at the 6IWCL. Information was received on 103 patients in relapse who were then classified into seven groups according to the diagnostic karyotype. These groups were: normal, t(8;21), t(15;17), +8, a single specific abnormality either numerical or structural other than those already listed, a single nonrandom or miscellaneous abnormality again either numerical or structural, and complex abnormalities. The patient's age, diagnostic FAB type, the number of relapses, the total survival time, and the karyotype in relapse were considered in each of these cytogenetic groups. The remission and survival rates were comparable in all groups except the +8 group, where patients relapsed earlier and had a shorter survival time. Multiple relapses occurred most frequently in the t(8;21) group, whereas none of the patients with t(15;17) relapsed more than once, although the total survival time was similar to the two groups. Thirty-nine percent of the patients relapsed with the same karyotype as at diagnosis. A more complex karyotype showing evolution was found in 53%, and 8% showed either a less-complicated karyotype or appeared to have reverted to normal. Numerical abnormalities in relapse frequently involved trisomy of chromosomes 8 and/or 21. There was a nonrandom development of 9q- with relapse in patients with t(8;21). A pericentric inversion of chromosome 4, and abnormality infrequently reported at diagnosis, was found in relapse in association with t(15;17), t(8;21), and +8 karyotypes. Changes considered to be typically secondary in nature involving 5q, 7q, and 12p were seen in only seven cases. Twenty-one patients who had an apparently normal karyotype at diagnosis remained normal in relapse, indicating that absence of clonal chromosome abnormality is a real observation in AML rather than a failure of detection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Human adenylate kinase deficiency associated with hemolytic anemia. A single base substitution affecting solubility and catalytic activity of the cytosolic adenylate kinase.

Adenylate kinase deficiency in the erythrocyte is a rare genetic disorder associated with hemolytic anemia. To determine the molecular basis of this disorder, we first cloned the normal gene encoding human cytosolic adenylate kinase (AK1) and determined the structure. The gene was 12 kilobase pairs long and was split into 7 exons. The structures of 5'- and 3'-flanking regions were determined by primer extension and RNA blot analysis. The results showed that two species of mRNA with 0.9 and 2.5 kilobases, which differed at the 3'-end portion, were generated by the AK1 gene. Alu sequences were found in the largest intron (intron 5) and in the noncoding region of exon 7. Next, both alleles of the AK1 gene were cloned from DNA of a patient bearing the adenylate kinase deficiency and their nucleotide sequences determined. A transition (C----T) was found in exon 6 on an allele, which resulted in an Arg to Trp (CGG----TGG) substitution at the 128th residue of AK1. Since chicken AK1 is highly homologous to human AK1 with respect to the amino acid sequence, we introduced an Arg to Trp substitution to chicken AK1 at the same position by oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The mutant chicken AK1 expressed in Escherichia coli showed a reduced catalytic activity as well as a decreased solubility and a change in affinity to phosphocellulose. Thus it was considered that the observed C----T transition was a cause of the decreased AK1 activity of the patient's erythrocyte. Analysis on phosphocellulose chromatography of erythrocyte AK1 of the patient and parents revealed that the patient's mutant allele was derived from the mother.

Adenylate Kinase↗