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Biomedical subjects

M Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakurai.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Assessment of left ventricular contractile characteristics following coronary artery bypass grafting].

The present study was designed to assess a left ventricular function, particularly contractile characteristics following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The subject was 29 post-CABG patient consisting of 4 groups; 6 patients with complete revascularization (CR) and no myocardial infarction (MI) (CR.MI(-) group), with CR and MI (CR.MI(+) group), 5 with incomplete revascularization (IR) and no MI (IR.MI(-) group) and 8 with IR and MI (IR.MI(+) group). Ejection fraction (EF), systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index (SP/ESVI) and end-systolic volume index (EDVI) were evaluated utilizing radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise (Ex). Increase of SP/ESVI and EF and no change of EDVI during Ex were observed in CR.MI(-) group. Increase of SP/ESVI and no change of EF and EDVI in CR.MI(+) group, no change of SP/ESVI, EF and EDVI in IR.MI(-) group and no change of SP/ESVI and EDVI and decrease of EF in IR.MI(+) group were observed. The SP/ESVI and EF of CR.MI(-) group were respectively highest among 4 groups and showed no difference compared with control group during Ex. Ex-induced increase ratio of SP/ESVI had linear correlations with Ex-induced increment of EF (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001) and Ex-induced increase ratio of EFVI (r = 0.54, p less than 0.005). It is concluded that both CR and no MI lead to normalization of EF and SP/ESVI during Ex. Furthermore, in the case of poor contractile reserve, systolic function may deteriorate in spite of increased preload during Ex.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1991

[Resection of mediastinal teratoma in a patient with cardiac tamponade due to pericardial perforation].

Benign teratoma of the mediastinum causes a variety of complications if left untreated, but reports of pericardial perforation have been rare. We report a case of mediastinal teratoma that perforated the pericardium and induced clinical cardiac tamponade. The patient was a 46-year-old male, who was admitted due to sudden chest pain. Since chest CT and echocardiography suggested perforation of the pericardium by a mediastinal teratoma, pericardial drainage was carried out. However, heart failure could not be resolved, and the tumor was resected on the 5th hospital day. From the intraoperative and pathologic findings, mature type mediastinal teratoma was found to have perforated the pericardium, causing massive influx of yellowish fluid from the cyst of the tumor. There have been only 10 cases reported to date in Japan and abroad in which mediastinal teratoma was complicated by cardiac tamponade.

Cardiac Tamponade↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) in children were studied. When 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg doses of CPR were administered to 4 children through 30 minutes' drip infusion, half-lives were 1.23 +/- 0.23 (mean +/- S.D.) hours and 1.37 +/- 0.35 (mean +/- S.D.) hours, respectively for the 2 dose levels, and recovery rates in urine in the first 6 hours after administration were 74.8% and 56.1%, respectively. CPR was administered to 15 cases (3 tonsillitis, 3 bronchitis, 5 bronchopneumonia, 1 acute cystitis, 1 coxoiliatitis, 1 otitis media, 1 otitis externa). The efficacy rate was 86.7%. Seven strains of bacteria were isolated and identified 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 3 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Pseudomonas sp. from these cases. These bacteria in children were followed after administration of CPR. Six strains were eradicated and one was reduced in number. No adverse effects of CPR were observed except in 2 cases, one of which showed transient eosinophilia and the other showed a transient increase of transaminase. These results suggest that CPR may be an effective and safe drug to use on children clinically.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Massive pulmonary tumor emboli in osteosarcoma. Occult and fatal complication.

The lung is the most frequent site of metastasis in osteosarcoma, but extensive intraluminal tumor growth in pulmonary arteries is rare. Two patients with osteosarcoma in whom the tumors grew in the pulmonary artery and caused massive pulmonary emboli are reported. Histologically the tumor emboli were myxoid and different from the primary lesion and the other metastases, which were osteoblastic in one case and chondroblastic in another case. In both cases the pulmonary tumor emboli were the cause of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Karyotypically unrelated clones in acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Karyotypically unrelated clones were observed in nine of 399 newly diagnosed acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients: two (3.0%) of 66 French-American-British classification (FAB)-M2 patients, five (12.5%) of 40 M5 patients, one (20%) of five chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), patients, one (12.5%) of eight refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEBT) patients, and none (0%) of 177 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients had such clones. Cytogenetically unrelated clones occurred more frequently in FAB-M5 than in the other subtypes of AL or MDS (p less than 0.01). Five (55%) of the nine patients had trisomy 8, two (22%) had partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 and two had (22%) trisomy 11. Patients had short survival times (median 2 months, range 1-26 months) after detection of unrelated clones; eight of the nine failed to respond to chemotherapy. None of our patients had two phenotypically different leukemic cell populations or underwent phenotypic conversion of leukemic cells during the course of the disease. These findings suggest that the unrelated clones may have been derived from the common leukemic clone without microscopic chromosome changes, and that the different chromosome abnormalities of the unrelated clones may represent additional genetic changes in leukemogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of xanthine derivatives on hippocampal long-term potentiation.

The effect of the structurally similar xanthine derivatives, propentofylline, pentoxifylline and theophylline, on long-term potentiation (LTP) recorded in CA3 of hippocampal slices of guinea pigs was investigated. A concentration-dependent increase in the amplitude of the population spike of CA3 pyramidal neurons was evoked by bath application of propentofylline and theophylline with a threshold concentration of 10 microM. This increase returned to the control level after washout for 20-30 min. Propentofylline enhanced LTP with a threshold concentration of approximately 5 microM. Pentoxifylline and theophylline enhanced LTP with threshold concentrations between 100 and 1000 microM. The enhancement of LTP lasted for more than 30 min after washout of the xanthines. The effect of propentofylline (10 microM) on LTP was blocked either by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (1 microM) or theophylline (10 microM). These results suggest that (i) the mode of action of propentofylline in enhancing LTP differs from that of pentoxifylline and theophylline and (ii) norepinephrine and adenosine are involved in the effect of propentofylline on LTP.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Shedding of CD9 antigen into cerebrospinal fluid by acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

The accurate identification of small numbers of leukemic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) presents a diagnostic problem in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We demonstrated that soluble CD9 antigen was shed into CSF obtained from children with ALL, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which used the activity of CD9 antigen to bind the Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1) and a monoclonal antibody, SJ-9A4, simultaneously. Using RCA1/SJ-9A4 ELISA, CD9 antigen was detectable in CSF but not in plasma from 12 cases of CD9+ ALL in central nervous system (CNS) relapse. However, CD9 antigen was not released into CSF from 11 cases of CD9- ALL with CNS involvement, 136 cases of CD9+ ALL in complete remission (CR), 29 cases of CD9- ALL in CR, or 21 cases of aseptic meningitis. Interestingly, the levels of CD9 antigen were elevated in CSF from 7 of 10 CD9+ ALL patients without cytologically proven CNS involvement at diagnosis, with subsequent return to undetectable levels after initial induction chemotherapy was begun. In addition, sequential analysis of CSF from a 5-year-old boy with CD9+ ALL in CNS relapse showed that levels of CD9 antigen correlated well with the number of leukemic cells in CSF. Serial quantitative analysis of CD9 antigen in CSF could be useful to detect the proliferation of residual leukemic cells before the clinical manifestation.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1990

Chromosome abnormalities in malignant lymphoma in patients from Kurashiki: histological and immunophenotypic correlations.

Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were found in tumor tissue of 43 (84%) of 51 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-cell, 32; T-cell, 15) from an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-nonendemic area in western mainland Japan. Four tumors were tetraploid, and the other 39 had a chromosome number in the diploid range. Trisomies 3, 5, 7, 18, and X, monosomy 13, and loss of an X in female and a Y in male were found in more than three patients each. Structural abnormalities in arms 1p, 1q, 2q, 3q, 13q, 14q, and 18q were found in eight or more patients each. Clustering of breaks occurred in 3q25-29 (ten patients, nine of whom with a B-cell tumor), 11q13 (five patients), dir dup(12)(q13-15----q21-24) (four patients), 14q32 (12 patients), and 18q21 (seven patients). The 14q32 translocations were all associated with B-cell tumors. t(8;14) was seen in a small noncleaved cell lymphoma, t(11;14)(q13;q32) in one follicular and three intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, and t(14;18)(q32;q21) in two follicular lymphomas and one diffuse small cleaved cell tumor. The translocation partner of 14q could not be determined in the other four patients, three of whom had der(18)t(18;?)(q21;?). The seven 18q21 abnormalities, including a novel translocation t(2;18)(p11;q21.3), all occurred in B-cell tumors; even in the absence of t(14;18), they were closely associated with lymphomas of follicular center cell origin (six of seven).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of transcatheter arterial embolization on the boundary architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Daughter nodules and intrahepatic metastases are resistant to conventional transcatheter arterial embolization therapy. To clarify the mechanism of this resistance, the boundaries of hepatocellular carcinomas and their relationship to the blood supply were studied. The boundaries of the hepatocellular carcinomas studied were classified as one of five types: encapsulated, granulation, stromal, replacing, or sinusoidal. The granulation and stromal types had a capsule-like structure, but lacked the hyalinization which is the hallmark of a true tumor capsule. The granulation and stromal types could also be differentiated from the encapsulated type because of their different blood supplies and the differing effects of transcatheter arterial embolization. When barium sulfate was infused into the portal vein, it did not enter into encapsulated tumors, but it entered granulation and stromal type tumors. Small nodules such as daughter nodules and intrahepatic metastases do not have capsules, and so have a blood supply that makes them resistant to conventional transcatheter arterial embolization therapy.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1990

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with sensitization against the platelet-specific antigen Yuk(a).

We report a Japanese newborn who developed alloimmune thrombocytopenia by the antibodies to the newly discovered platelet antigen Yuk(a). The infant recovered uneventfully in 10 days without specific treatment. Antiplatelet alloantibodies in the patient were IgG class detected by mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA). Family study showed that Yuk(a) antigen was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Cases with Yuk(a)-associated alloimmune thrombocytopenia are reviewed.

Antigens, Human Platelet↗
PubMed1990

G-CSF enhanced granulocyte production in a child with severe neutropenia in the setting of fatal virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.

A 14-year-old boy with fatal varicella zoster virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) was treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) based on the finding that the patient had severe neutropenia and possible bacterial superinfection. Support for the G-CSF therapy in VAHS is provided by the recent reports that G-CSF is relatively specific for the granulocyte lineage; it would not activate mature monocyte/macrophage/histiocyte lineage in VAHS, where the most striking morphologic feature is histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis. He responded well to G-CSF with an elevation of neutrophil counts. There were no effects on other blood cells. The result indicates that G-CSF is useful to increase granulocyte production in severe neutropenia, even in the setting of fatal VAHS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intracellular ribonucleotide pools of lymphoblastic leukemic cells in untreated and relapsed ALL children.

Intracellular ribonucleotide pools were analyzed by HPLC with leukemic blasts obtained from 20 children, including 13 untreated ALL, 5 relapsed ALL, and 2 lymphomas with hematological relapse. Nucleotide pools were, in general, found more expanded among relapsed cases. Also, the larger mono and diphosphate ribonucleotide levels found in relapsed cells, for instance adenine nucleotide pools, were significantly larger among the relapsed patients, as measured 216.97 +/- 53.30 nmol/10(8) cells, in contrast to 109.70 +/- 39.54 nmol/10(8) cells with untreated children (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, AMP and ADP occupied only 18% of the total adenine pool in untreated children, but 34% in relapsed children. The similar pattern of nucleotide pools was observed in guanine, cytidine, and uridine nucleotide pools. Inosine mono phosphates were measured 5.07 +/- 6.02 nmol/10(8) cells with untreated ALL, and 3.55 +/- 1.44 nmol/10(8) cells with relapsed ALL, but thymidine mono phosphates, as a key pyrimidine nucleotide of salvage pathway, were larger (p less than 0.01) among with relapsed patients measuring 31.47 +/- 8.11 nmol/10(8) cells as compared with that of untreated ALL, 11.19 +/- 12.84 nmol/10(8) cells. The present results may suggest that there is a difference in nucleotide metabolism between untreated and relapsed leukemic cells, and nucleotide profiles provide more accurate information of leukemia chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Histological, immunohistochemical, and chromosomal studies on non-adrenal neuroblastomas without increased excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in urine.

We reviewed our records for the last 10 years and found three of the 36 patients with neuroblastoma did not excrete significantly increased quantities of catecholamine metabolites in urine. All of these tumors were histologically characterized by small round cells and possessed a few dense core granules on the electron microscopic examination. All of them were reacted with anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) antibodies, OKB2, PI153/3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The HNK-1, BA-1, and SJ-9A4 MoAbs reacted with two out of three. One of them demonstrated a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm deletion of chromosome 1. This multidisciplinary study has been helpful in making more accurate diagnoses for neuroblastoma without classical clinical characters.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1990

Phenotypic characteristics of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in human oesophageal cancer tissues defined by quantitative two-colour analysis with flow-cytometry.

Phenotypic subpopulations of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) separated from human oesophageal cancer tissues were defined by quantitative two-colour analysis with flow-cytometry (FACScan), and their characteristics were investigated by comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and intra-oesophageal lymphocytes from noncancerous tissue (IEL) as the controls. Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females) with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus were entered into the study. Lymphocytes were analyzed by FACScan and the frequencies of the subpopulations were determined using monoclonal antibodies for surface markers. Single colour analysis revealed a predominance of T cells among TIL and a significant reduction of natural killer (NK) cells compared with the controls. Two-colour analysis showed that CD4+ Leu8- (helper T cells) and CD8+ CD11b- (cytotoxic T cells) were significantly increased among TIL when compared with the controls. This significant increase of both helper and cytotoxic T cells, which are indispensable components of cellular immunity, strongly implies that TIL are performing a role in the expression of antigen-specific cellular immunity against the tumours. This is the first report of a phenotypic study of human oesophageal cancer that clearly indicates the significance of the TIL and suggests their potential for use as a source of adoptive immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Principal lymphocyte subpopulation in local host response to human oesophageal cancer.

We investigated what subpopulations of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) play a key role in in vivo function and what determines the degree of local host response represented by lymphocyte infiltration in human oesophageal cancer. We examined the increased subpopulation of TIL in "good responders" (GR) (patients with intensively TIL infiltrated tumours) when compared with "poor responders" (PR) (patients with weakly TIL infiltrated tumours). The frequency of each subpopulation was determined by quantitative flow-cytometric measurement on TIL separated from fresh tumours. Of TIL in GR, the frequency of CD3+ cells increased significantly (P less than 0.05) but the frequencies of CD16+, Leu7-, and CD16+ Leu7- cells were low and did not increase significantly compared with those in PR. With respect to T-cell subsets of TIL in GR, the frequency of CD8+ cells was significantly higher than that in PR (P less than 0.01), and CD4+/CD8+ ratio was lower than that in PR (P less than 0.025). On two-colour analyses, most of CD8+ cells (cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells: Tc/s) did not co-express CD11b and the frequency of CD8+ CD11b- cells (cytotoxic T-cell: Tc) increased significantly compared with that in PR. Clinicopathological and phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed that there are no major differences in general immunocompetence between GR and PR. These results suggest that Tc/s, especially Tc, might play a key role in local host response. They also suggest that not only the general immune status of the host but also the identification of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens by the host at the tumour site may strongly affect the degree of host response in oesophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Long-term observations of vertebral fractures in spinal osteoporotics.

The changes in the number and distributions of vertebral fractures were studied from the long-term observations (average 7 years) of 21 spinal osteoporotic patients. Distribution of wedge fractures was biphasic with peak frequencies at the midthoracic and thoracolumbar spine. Biconcave fractures occurred predominantly in the lumbar spine. These patterns of distribution did not change during the period of observation. The rate of biconcave fracture increased, the rate of wedge fracture decreased, and that of collapse remained the constant in follow-up. The changes in the number of fractures were divided into three types: increasing, plateau, and unchanged type. With the advance of osteoporosis, the increasing type was considered to change into the plateau type, which is probably the terminal stage of spinal osteoporosis. The unchanged type, in contrast, was distinct from the other two types because of increased spinal bone mineral density and decreased urinary calcium, which suggests that spinal osteoporosis is heterogeneous with regard to calcium metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools and Ara-CTP levels in P388 murine leukemic cells treated with 1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate which is a newly synthesized derivative of 1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.

1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate (C18PCA), which is an Ara-CMP ester and one of the most promising orally effective anti-leukemic drugs, is a newly synthesized derivative of Ara-C. The antitumor effect of C18PCA and Ara-C was investigated against the P388 ascites tumor in BDF1 mice. Treatment with C18PCA (100 mg kg-1, orally) and Ara-C (40 mg kg-1, subcutaneously) was administered on days 1, 3 and 5 after tumor inoculation. The percentage increase in lifespans of the mice treated with C18PCA or Ara-C were 84.4% and 53.9%, respectively. The determination of the plasma Ara-C concentration revealed that the plasma concentration of Ara-C was retained much longer in mice which orally received C18PCA than in those which received Ara-C. By using high-performance liquid chromatography, it was revealed that the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools increased gradually but Ara-CTP concentration once increased, then decreased rapidly when Ara-C was administered subcutaneously. On the other hand, both the intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools and Ara-CTP level increased gradually after oral administration of C18PCA. We concluded that these longer-term biochemical effects, even if the plasma concentration of Ara-C and Ara-CTP level were low, might be correlated with antitumor effects of C18PCA.

Administration, Oral↗