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Biomedical subjects

M Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakai.

926 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric mucosal hexosamine contents in patients with renal diseases.

Since gastric mucosal lesions are frequently encountered in patients with renal disease, we measured the gastric mucosal hexosamine (Hx) content in 51 patients with renal disease. Endoscopic examination revealed that nearly half of the patients had erosive gastritis, and that duodenal ulcers (Dus) were more common than gastric ulcers (Gus). The gastroduodenal lesions were increased in patients with advanced renal dysfunction. The relationship between Hx content and various indicators of renal function, including creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum creatinine (cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 24-h urine protein excretion, were also evaluated. The Hx content decreased in the early stage of renal dysfunction. However, it returned to normal to near normal levels in advanced renal disease and patients who underwent hemodialysis. Since the Hx content was decreased in the early stage of renal dysfunction, careful follow-up appears to be necessary in patients with renal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carnosine-like immunoreactivity in human olfactory mucosa.

By means of immunohistochemical techniques it is demonstrated for the first time ever that carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine)-like immunoreactivity (LI) is localized in the olfactory receptor neuron in human olfactory mucosa. Carnosine-LI was found in all regions of the receptor cells, i.e. in dendrites, olfactory vesicles, soma and axons. Supporting cells and basal cells were not immunoreactive. The present results suggest that carnosine play a major role in the human olfactory neuron and supports the concept that this peptide is a putative neurotransmitter in vertebrate olfactory systems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Two autopsy cases of aortitis syndrome in the elderly].

Two autopsy cases of aortitis syndrome (Takayasu's aortitis) in the elderly are presented. Case 1 was an 81-year-old woman in whom hypertension was observed at age 37, and difference of right and left arm blood pressure was pointed out at age 65. She was referred to the authors' hospital at age 72. Chest X-ray and computed tomography of the thorax indicated atypical coarctation and diffuse calcification of the aorta. Case 2 was a 69-year-old woman in whom hypertension was pointed out at age 49, and blood pressure in the arms was found to differ from that in the legs at age 63. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed diffuse calcification and marked narrowing of the descending aorta. Pathological examination revealed marked calcification in the thickened adventitia of the aorta with mild atherosclerotic change. Irregular fibrotic changes of the adventitia and degeneration of elastic fibers of the media of the aorta were noted in both cases, and were consistent with Takayasu's aortitis. This disorder is common in young women and only a small number of elderly cases are reported although its incidence is increasing. Diffuse calcification of the aorta with an absence of inflammatory signs, which is frequent in older patients, were observed in both case. Systemic hypertension is the most important risk factor with coarctation of the aorta in Takayasu's aortitis. Bypass surgery is recommended in young patients, however in elderly patients, it is generally avoided, in favor of medical control of hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New monitoring system for ninety pesticides and related compounds in river water by solid-phase extraction with determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A new monitoring system was established for the determination of 90 pesticides and 10 pesticide degradation products in river water. The pesticides consisted of 18 fungicides, 30 insecticides, and 42 herbicides. The pesticides were extracted with a solid-phase, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, eluted with acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate, and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall recoveries ranged from 72 to 118%. The limits of detection were 0.01-0.1 microgram/L. This system determines most of the pesticides used in Japan and was successfully applied to practical monitoring of water polluted with pesticides and related compounds.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from human heart.

Protein kinase that phosphorylated histone and lesser amounts of protamine was demonstrated in human heart. It was activated three times by 10(-6) M cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and by 10(-3) M other cyclic nucleotides. Km values for cAMP, ATP, Mg2+, and Co2+ were about 2 X 10(-8) M, 4 X 10(-5) M, 2 X 10(-3)M, and 1.7 X 10(-4) M, respectively. On DEAE cellulose column, the main peak of the enzyme eluted at high NaCl concentration. On Sephadex G-200 gel filtration the majority of the holoenzyme eluted at a peak corresponding to a molecular weight of about 300,000. There was an additional peak corresponding to a molecular weight of about 400,000, with relatively high cAMP binding compared to kinase activity. Right atrium and ventricle showed significantly higher enzyme activities than left atrium and ventricle and interventricular septum. On multivariate analysis of the enzyme activity versus 12 clinical and pathological findings of 122 cases, cardiac hypertrophy and coronary sclerosis were slight but significant negative contributors to the enzyme activity. Multiple correlation coefficient was low, indicating the enzyme activity remained at a relatively stable level, despite different clinical situations. This may be suitable for control of intracellular events through the membrane adenylate cyclase system.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

5-Fluorouracil induces apoptotic cell death with G2 phase arrest in human breast cancer grafted in nude mice.

Treatment with 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives causes DNA double strand breaks in the S phase, and the subsequent cell death. A 5-Fluorouracil derivative (UFT), that is converted to 5-fluorouracil in vivo, was administered orally at a dose of 18 mg/kg/day to nude mice bearing human breast cancer for 28 consecutive days. The tumors on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment were examined histopathologically and by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis. UFT treatment achieved remarkable inhibition of tumor growth, and histological examination revealed significantly less mitotic figures and more apoptotic bodies throughout the treated tumors, compared to the controls. Flow cytometric study showed changes in the cell cycle outflow of treated tumor cells, involving reduced numbers of G1 phase cells and increased numbers of S and G2 phase cells, compared to the corresponding controls. The reduced growth of tumors induced by UFT is attributable to a rise in apoptotic cell death as well as a decline in producing daughter cells, i.e. mitotic activity, and 5-fluorouracil may act cytotoxically on cancer cells via apoptosis, followed by arrest at G2 phase.

Animals↗