[Hepatic dysfunction associated with renal transplantation].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Hepatitis B↗
Biomedical subjects
M Sakai
Publications and source records attributed to M Sakai.
[Clinical studies in five cases of Swyer-James syndrome].
We encountered five patients with Swyer-James syndrome. All were men, and ranged in age from 20 to 70 years (mean, 41 years). Their chest X-ray films showed left unilateral hyperlucency. Examinations revealed bilateral involvement in 3 cases and irregularity of involved regions in 2 cases. Chest CT scans revealed the distribution and severity of affected regions in greater detail than did other radiologic exams. Delayed clearance of xenon is a sign of air trapping, which is characteristics of this syndrome. Thus, 133Xe inhalation scintigrams were useful to detect air trapping, especially when mediastinal shift was not apparent on chest X-ray films. Bronchial damage is believed to cause this syndrome, and the present findings support this view. It is noteworthy that all five of these patients were men, and that in all five the affected lung was on the left. Moreover, although "respiratory tract infection is considered to be a very important" factor, many patients had no history of airway infection in childhood. Thus, some congenital factor or factors may contribute to the development of this syndrome.
Adult↗
Lysophosphatidylcholine plays an essential role in the mitogenic effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein on murine macrophages.
We previously demonstrated that the growth of starch-induced murine macrophages was stimulated by modified low density lipoproteins, such as oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and acetylated low density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL), and that the mitogenic effect of Ox-LDL was much greater than that of acetyl-LDL (Yui, S., Sasaki, T., Miyazaki, A., Horiuchi, S., and Yamazaki, M. (1993) Arterioscler. Thromb. 13, 331-337). The present study was undertaken to elucidate the factor(s) that are involved in this growth-stimulating effect of Ox-LDL. The growth-stimulating effect of acetyl-LDL on murine resident macrophages was negligibly weak compared with that of Ox-LDL. However, the treatment of acetyl-LDL with phospholipase A2 led to an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) (75% of total phospholipids) and a concomitant increase in the mitogenic activity of acetyl-LDL. In contrast, cell-free incubation of Ox-LDL with high density lipoprotein resulted in a decrease in lyso-PC content and a concomitant loss of growth-stimulating activity. These results suggest that lyso-PC may play an essential role in the mitogenic activity of Ox-LDL.
Animals↗
Activation mechanism of NADPH oxidase by SDS in intact guinea pig neutrophils.
It is well known that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) activates NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system independently of protein kinase C (PKC). However, in intact neutrophils, direct evidence has never been presented to show that O2- production by SDS is actually due to the NADPH oxidase activation observed in the cell-free system. So, in this paper, we investigated the activation mechanism by SDS in intact guinea pig neutrophils. We previously reported that hypotonic treatment reversibly enhanced O2- production stimulated by PKC activators in intact neutrophils (M. Hiura et al., 1991, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 291, 31-37). In this paper, SDS also significantly stimulated O2- production in the intact cells under the hypotonic condition. This enhancement was gradual and was PKC inhibitor resistant. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the 46-kDa protein, one of cytosolic activation factors, was not detected by autoradiography of two-dimensional electrophoresis. Translocation of cytosolic activation factors was demonstrated by a decrease in the activity of the factors remained in the cytosol. In the presence of SDS, addition of 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, a PKC activator, further enhanced O2- production and translocation of the cytosolic activation factors. On the other hand, SDS remarkably increased membrane fluidity in intact neutrophils as well as in the cell-free system. These results indicate that activation of NADPH oxidase by SDS in intact neutrophils seems to be partly due to the same mechanism observed in cell-free activation, and that SDS alone slightly activates the oxidase and other stimulation, such as hypotonic and/or PKC activator treatments, is required for significant activation. The increase in the membrane fluidity may be one of the activation mechanisms of NADPH oxidase by SDS.
Animals↗
Jun and Fos related gene products bind to and modulate the GPE I, a strong enhancer element of the rat glutathione transferase P gene.
The rat glutathione transferase P gene has a strong enhancer element, termed GPE I, which is composed of a dyad of palindromicly oriented TPA (phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoate 13-acetate) responsive element (TRE)-like sequences. TRE is a binding sequence of the transcription factor AP-1, which consists of several closely related proteins belonging to the Jun and Fos family. The gel retardation experiments show that all the heterodimers formed between the Jun and Fos related gene products bind to the GPE I as well as to the TRE. In spite of the fact that the GPE I has a stronger activity than the TRE, the binding affinities of these heterodimers to the GPE I are much lower than to the TRE. Co-transfection studies of the reporter construct containing the GPE I and expression constructs of each of the Jun and Fos family cDNAs indicate that FosB and delta FosB repress transcription through the GPE I enhancer. These results suggests that some of Jun/Fos family may regulate the rat GST-P gene expression through the GPE I in vivo.
Animals↗
Phenotypic changes of AADC-only immunopositive premammillary neurons in the brain of laboratory shrew Suncus murinus by systemic administration of monoamine precursors.
After 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) were injected i.p. in the laboratory shrew Suncus murinus, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence studies were conducted on continuous or same sections of the brain, using specific anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), anti-aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), anti-dopamine (DA) and anti-serotonin (5-HT) antisera which were produced in our laboratory. The results of double-staining by the immunofluorescence method as well as immunoelectron microscopy strongly indicate that the cells of the premammillary nucleus of the laboratory shrew brain (AADC-only-positive neurons) are capable of synthesizing DA and 5-HT simultaneously upon simultaneous administration of L-dopa and 5-HTP.
Animals↗
Absorption enhancement of hydrophilic compounds by verapamil in Caco-2 cell monolayers.
Caco-2 monolayers were used to determine whether verapamil enhanced the transport of hydrophilic compounds across epithelial cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements, as an indicator of the opening of tight junctions, and transport experiments with fluorescein-Na (Flu) and FITC-dextran Mw 4000 (FD-4) were used to assess the effect. (+/-) Verapamil concentrations up to 3 x 10(-4) M increased TEER dose-dependently, whereas from concentrations of 7 x 10(-4) M onwards a dose-dependent drop was found. After removal of verapamil (< 10(-3) M) the effects on TEER were reversible within 30 min. A second administration of verapamil after different time intervals produced a much larger effect on TEER than the first administration. The separate R- and S-enantiomers did not reveal a difference in enantiomer effect. (+/-) Verapamil at 7 x 10(-4) M increased Flu transport about 13-fold and 26-fold after the first and second treatment in the same monolayers, respectively. Transport of FD-4 increased approximately 4-fold and 6-fold after the first and second treatment, respectively. Potential damaging effects were assessed by trypan blue exclusion (cell death) and cell detachment. No cell death occurred at verapamil concentrations of 8.5 x 10(-4) M or lower, whereas cell detachment did not occur within 1 hr at all concentrations used in these experiments. At later times detachment was observed at concentrations of 7 x 10(-4) M and higher. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that verapamil opens the paracellular route, thereby enhancing the permeability of hydrophilic compounds. However, relatively high concentrations are needed to achieve this effect and only a narrow concentration range can be used without cytotoxic effects, which limits the potential application of verapamil as an absorption enhancing agent.
Biological Transport↗
Increase in 3-deoxyglucosone levels in diabetic rat plasma. Specific in vivo determination of intermediate in advanced Maillard reaction.
A specific assay of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) was developed in our laboratory to help elucidate the relationship between advanced Maillard reaction and diabetic complications. 3-DG is known as a highly reactive intermediate of the reaction in vitro and a precursor of advanced glycosylation end products such as pyrraline and pentosidine, which have been previously detected in vivo. 3-DG was converted to a stable compound, 2-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)-benzo[g]quinoxaline, by reacting with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene. Since the derivative had a characteristic UV spectrum, it was determined at 268 nm by high performance liquid chromatography. This method was sensitive enough to detect 10 ng/ml (61.7 nM) of 3-DG in vitro. A slight modification to this method allowed in vivo detection of small amounts of 3-DG. Plasma free 3-DG levels were significantly higher in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared with controls (918 +/- 134 nM versus 379 +/- 69 nM, p < 0.001) and were suppressed with the administration of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of Maillard reaction. Plasma pyrraline levels in diabetic rats also increased in parallel with elevated 3-DG levels but were only marginally suppressed by administration of aminoguanidine. Our results indicate that 3-DG is present in vivo under normal conditions and that its level increases in diabetic subjects. Determination of 3-DG represents a good tool to predict development and progression of diabetic complications and to assess the efficiency of inhibitors to Maillard reaction.
2-Naphthylamine↗
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): expression during salmon migration.
In the seaward migrating chum salmon, immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization techniques revealed isolated GnRH neurons at the base of the nasal epithelium, along the nervus terminalis and as ganglia at the rostroventral (gROB) and caudalmost (GT) olfactory bulb. A novel GnRH ganglion was seen at the cribriform bone (gCB). GnRH immunoreactivity but not the hybridization signal was detected in the midbrain neurons. During the migratory period, there were trends towards an increase in GnRH mRNA in the gCB and the gROB and a significant surge in plasma thyroid hormones was also evident. Therefore, we hypothesise thyroid hormones might be crucial for the increased tendency of GnRH expression and the migratory behavior of chum salmon.
Animals↗
Acetylated low density lipoprotein reduces its ligand activity for the scavenger receptor after interaction with reconstituted high density lipoprotein.
Complexes of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with phospholipids are known to induce cholesterol efflux from cells. In a cholesteryl ester accumulation system in which rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with acetylated low density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL) and either dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine complexes (DMPC/apoA-I) or native high density lipoprotein (HDL), DMPC/apoA-I exhibited a much stronger effect than native HDL in preventing cholesteryl ester accumulation. The mechanism for this phenomenon was investigated in the present study. After 18 h incubation with DMPC/apoA-I in a cell-free system, acetyl-LDL was re-isolated from DMPC/apoA-I by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography. Re-isolated acetyl-LDL exhibited an increase in its phospholipid content by 86% as well as a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility. Its endocytic degradation by macrophages was reduced by 60% when compared with control acetyl-LDL, suggesting a significant reduction in the ligand activity for the macrophage scavenger receptor. Transfer of apolipoproteins between acetyl-LDL and DMPC/apoA-I did not occur. These results indicate that transfer of DMPC from DMPC/apoA-I to acetyl-LDL weakens the ligand activity for the scavenger receptor due probably to a decrease in net negative charge. This study demonstrated for the first time that lipid modification (change in the lipid moiety) of acetyl-LDL can induce alteration in its apolipoprotein moiety, leading to a significant loss of its biological activity. Because discoidal HDLs are known to occur in vivo, this phenomenon may explain one of the anti-atherogenic functions of HDL in vivo.
Animals↗
Crystallization and a preliminary X-ray diffraction study of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from human lymphocytes.
Two crystal forms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from human lymphocytes have been obtained by the hanging drop method of vapor diffusion from ammonium sulfate solution. A trigonal crystal form belongs to the space group P3(1)21 (P3(2)21), with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 96.4 A and c = 105.5 A. Assuming that the asymmetric unit contains two or three dimers, the Vm value is calculated as 2.9 or 1.9, respectively. A second crystal form is orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 68.4 A, b = 68.8 A and c = 86.8 A. The Vm value is 2.1 for two dimers in the asymmetric unit. Both crystals diffract to at least 1.9 A and are suitable for X-ray crystallographic structure determination at a high resolution.
Base Sequence↗
Immunohistochemical demonstration of expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in cerebellar Purkinje cells of the human and mouse.
We demonstrated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in cerebellar Purkinje cells of human and mouse brains by immunohistochemistry. At the age of 8 months, vermal Purkinje cells in the human cerebellum were immunoreactive with anti-TH or anti-human specific PNMT antiserum. We also found TH-positive Purkinje cells in the mouse brain. TH immunoreactivity first appeared in the Purkinje cells in the caudal vermis from postnatal day 8 (P8), and enlarged numbers between P13 and P15. After gradual reduction to P19, the TH-positive Purkinje cells again multiplied the number from the age of 4 weeks, and maintained in a large number up to old stage. At the age of 11 months, the other groups of TH-positive Purkinje cells appeared in the flocculus and paraflocculus of the mouse cerebellum.
Animals↗
Isolation and fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of 60 cosmid clones on human chromosome 18.
We have mapped 60 new cosmids on the short and long arms of chromosome 18 either by R- or by DAPI-banding and simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization. These markers were isolated from hybrid MS126-21 made from a human-rodent hybrid cell line that retained human chromosome 18. Twenty-two of the cosmid probes map on the short arm, and 31 probes cluster in the distal half of the long arm between bands 18q21.1 and 18q23, while 7 other probes are mapped more proximal to the centromere around bands 18q11.1-q12.3. The technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization has proven to be a very efficient methodology for gene mapping. These 60 probes will be useful in the elucidation of genetic alterations associated with diseases such as tetrasomy 18p syndrome, 18q- syndromes, and colorectal cancer.
Animals↗
Expression of human tyrosine hydroxylase-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion gene in the brains of transgenic mice as examined by CAT immunocytochemistry.
We have produced transgenic (Tg) mice carrying 5.0-kb fragment from the 5'-flanking region of the human tyrosine hydroxylase (hTH) gene fused to a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) [Sasaoka et al. (1992) Mol Brain Res 16: 274-286]. In the brain of the Tg mice, CAT expression has been observed in catecholaminergic (CAnergic) neurons and also in non-CAnergic neurons. The aim of the present study is to examine in detail the cell-type specific expression of the hTH-CAT fusion gene in the brain of the Tg mice, by use of immunohistochemistry for CAT, TH, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). CAT-immunoreactive cells were found in CAnergic brain regions which contained TH-positive cells, and also in non-CAnergic brain regions which contained no TH-labeled cells. The non-CAnergic brain regions that represented CAT-stained cells were further divided into two groups: (i) regions containing AADC-labeled cells, for example, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, mammillary body, nucleus raphe dorsalis, inferior colliculus, and nucleus parabrachialis, and (ii) regions containing no AADC-positive cells, for example, main olfactory bulb (except A16), accessory olfactory bulb, nucleus olfactorius anterior, caudoputamen, septum, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, medial nucleus of the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, nucleus supraopticus, and parasubiculum. The results indicate that the 5.0-kb DNA fragment flanking the 5' end of the hTH gene may contain the element(s) specific for neuron-specific TH expression but which may be insufficient to attenuate ectopic expression.
Animals↗
Simultaneous measurement of colonic ion transport and muscle contraction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Expression of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (CD54) in thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma.
The expression of adhesion molecules in thyroid specimens from 10 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of follicular adenoma and 3 normal thyroid specimens was examined by an immunohistochemical method. Thyroid epithelial cells from all cases of papillary adenocarcinoma expressed the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54). The ICAM-1-positive staining in these was detected predominantly on the apical site of malignant thyroid epithelial cells. However, no ICAM-1 expression was detected on thyrocytes of adenoma, and normal thyroid tissues. Furthermore, thyroid epithelial cells in patients with thyroid tumor and normal thyroid tissue did not react with anti-LFA-1, anti-VLA-4, anti-VCAM-1 and anti-ELAM-1 monoclonal antibodies. It is speculated that ICAM-1 expression in thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma may have a functional significance.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
A conserved epitope on H+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase of parietal cells discerned by a murine gastritogenic T-cell clone.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: H+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (H+,K(+)-ATPase) of parietal cells is an organ-specific enzyme recognized by autoantibodies found in human and murine autoimmune gastritis (AIG). Murine AIG can be induced in BALB/c mice by thymectomy 3 days after birth and is a T cell-mediated disease. This study examined the specificity of T cells that cause AIG and the role of H+,K(+)-ATPase in this disease. METHODS: From an AIG mouse, a gastritogenic T-cell clone (II-6) was established, and its reactivity to synthetic peptides of H+,K(+)-ATPase was tested. RESULTS: II-6 cells are CD4+, V beta 14+, and interferon gamma producers. Adoptive transfer of II-6 cells to syngeneic nude mice resulted in AIG without the production of autoantibodies to parietal cells. The II-6 cells were responsive not only to murine but also to human and porcine parietal cells. Their proliferation was also induced by amino acids 891-905 (alpha 891) and 892-906 (alpha 892) of the alpha subunit of porcine and human H+,K(+)-ATPase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The T-cell response to a single epitope of H+,K(+)-ATPase, the amino acid sequence of which is conserved among at least three mammals tested, is sufficient to cause AIG. Autoantibodies to parietal cells are not detected in these AIG mice.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Preservation of ejaculated and epididymal stallion spermatozoa by cooling and freezing.
The suitability of ejaculated and epididymal stallion spermatozoa for cooled storage (5 degrees C) and cryopreservation was examined in 5 ejaculates from each of 6 stallions and in spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis after castration of these stallions. The percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa, examined by subjective estimation (cooled samples) or by computerized analysis (frozen-thawed samples), was used as parameter. In ejaculated semen samples containing 5 and 25% seminal plasma in a skim milk glucose extender, the lower amount of seminal plasma supported spermatozoal motility significantly better throughout storage at 5 degrees C. Addition of 5 or 25% seminal plasma to perfused epididymal spermatozoa (0% seminal plasma) resulted in a significant stimulation of spermatozoal motility by 25% seminal plasma at 0 h (P<0.05) and to a lesser extent at 24 and 48 h. Post-thaw motility of ejaculated as well as epididymal spermatozoa was not influenced by slow cooling to 15 degrees or 5 degrees C with or without glycerol prior to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen vapor. During cooled storage, seminal plasma had a stimulatory effect on epididymal spermatozoa and depressed motility in ejaculated spermatozoa. Results on cryopreservation indicate that freezability of equine spermatozoa is already determined when spermatozoa leave the tail of the epididymis.
Journal Article↗