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Biomedical subjects

M Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to M Sakai.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Immunostimulating effect of growth hormone: in-vivo administration of growth hormone in rainbow trout enhances resistance to Vibrio anguillarum infection.

In-vivo administration of purified (nGH) and recombinant (rGH) chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, growth hormone enhanced the survival of rainbow trout, O. mykiss, against virulent Vibrio anguillarum. Macrophages obtained from rainbow trout that were treated in vivo with either GH preparation showed enhanced stimulation of the chemiluminescent responses induced by opsonized V. anguillarum cells and increased phagocytic activities. However, the serum bactericidal activity against V. anguillarum was not enhanced in fish injected with nGH or rGH. These findings show that in-vivo administration of either GH preparation can effectively prime macrophages and increase the resistance to V. anguillarum in rainbow trout.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

Cochlear implant after reconstruction of the external bony canal wall and tympanic cavity in radically mastoidectomized patients with cholesteatoma.

One of the postoperative complications of cochlear implants in patients, who previously received radical mastoidectomy, is an exposure of electrode by breakdown of thin epithelium in the open mastoid cavity. To avoid such complications, in the first stage, radical mastoidectomy with the reconstruction of the posterior bony canal wall and mastoid obliteration with bone chips and plates and the creation of the new tympanic cavity, were performed. One or 3 years later, implantation of a 22-channel cochlear implant, as the second stage procedure, was successfully performed in three patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss, due to cholesteatoma in the side of the ear in which cochlear implantation was indicated. The advantages of this technique are as follows: (1) Electrode is protected from the cavity problems, such as chronic infection or erosion of the epithelium in the open mastoid cavity; and (2) reconstruction of the new tympanic cavity and tympanic membrane is beneficial for avoidance of electrode exposure in the mastoid and tympanic cavity.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the larynx: report of a case.

Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare neoplasm. We present a case of basaloid squamous carcinoma of the larynx in a 57-year-old male patient. The diagnosis before treatment was supraglottic carcinoma (T3N1MO) and biopsy of the larynx revealed a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Total laryngectomy and right radical neck dissection were performed, and pathological studies of a specimen removed from the larynx revealed BSC of the larynx. The patient's postoperative progress was uneventful, however, 12 months later he developed lung metastasis of the left side. The patient underwent partial resection of the lung. He developed recurrence of lung metastasis 6 months later. Chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and vindesine sulfate (VSD) was administered in two courses, but the efficacy was evaluated as no change (NC). At present, 26 months after the first visit, he has been asymptomatic with lung metastasis, and there was no evidence of recurrence in the neck.

Carcinoma, Basosquamous↗
PubMed1997

Effects of absorption enhancers on the transport of model compounds in Caco-2 cell monolayers: assessment by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Three typical absorption enhancers, i.e., sodium caprate (Cap-Na), sodium deoxycholate (Deo-Na), and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (Grz-K), were compared in terms of their permeability-enhancing effects on hydrophilic and hydrophobic model compounds in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the monolayers was reduced concentration-dependently by treatment with Cap-Na and Deo-Na, while treatment with Grz-K increased the TEER. Two patterns of TEER reduction were observed: one pattern indicated that Cap-Na had a rapid reducing effect, and another indicated that Deo-Na had a delayed reducing effect. These reductions in the TEER were accompanied by the increased transepithelial transport of two hydrophilic model compounds, sodium fluorescein (Flu-Na; MW = 376, log P = -1.52) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4000 (FD-4; MW = 4400, log P = -2.0), and one hydrophobic model compound, rhodamine 123 hydrate (Rh123; MW = 381, log P = 1.13). The transport-enhancing effects of Cap-Na and Deo-Na on these model compounds decreased in the following order: FD-4 > Rh123 > Flu-Na, while Grz-K was found to have no effect on the transport of any of these model compounds. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of Caco-2 cell monolayers revealed that Cap-Na and Deo-Na enhanced the transepithelial transport of the hydrophilic model compounds via the paracellular route and that of the hydrophobic model compound via both paracellular and transcellular routes. Semiquantitative visual information obtained from CLSM images reflected the results of the transport experiment.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of nociceptin hyperalgesia and allodynia in conscious mice.

1. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of nociceptin and high doses of morphine induced allodynia in response to innocuous tactile stimuli, and i.t. nociceptin evoked hyperalgesia in response to noxious thermal stimuli in conscious mice. Here we have characterized the nociceptin-induced allodynia and compared it with the morphine-induced allodynia and the nociceptin-evoked hyperalgesia. 2. Nociceptin-induced allodynia was evoked by the first stimulus 5 min after i.t. injection, reached a maximum at 10 min, and continued for a 50 min experimental period. Dose-dependency of the allodynia showed a bell-shaped pattern from 50 pg to 5 ng kg-1, and the maximum effect was observed at 2.5 ng kg-1. 3. Morphine-induced allodynia reached the maximum effect at 15 min and declined progressively until cessation by 40-50 min. The dose-response curve showed a bell-shaped pattern, similar to that induced by nociceptin, with a maximum effect at 0.5 mg kg-1, five orders of magnitude higher than that of nociceptin. 4. The allodynia evoked by nociceptin and morphine were dose-dependently blocked by glycine, D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist), gamma-D-glutamylaminomethyl sulphonic acid (GAMS, a non-NMDA receptor antagonist) and methylene blue (a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor), but were not affected by muscimol (a gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor agonist) and baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist). 5. Morphine did not inhibit forskolin-stimulated cyclicAMP formation in cultured cells expressing the nociceptin receptor. 6. Nociceptin-induced hyperalgesia was evoked 10-15 min after i.t. injection. Nociceptin produced a monophasic hyperalgesic action over a wide range of doses from 5 fg to 50 ng kg-1. The nociceptin-induced hyperalgesia was blocked by glycine only among the agents examined. 7. None of the pain responses evoked by nociceptin and morphine were blocked by naloxone. 8. These results demonstrate that, whereas the mechanisms of the nociceptin-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia are evidently distinct, they involve a common neurochemical event beginning with the disinhibition of the inhibitory glycinergic response. Morphine may induce allodynia through a pathway common to nociceptin, but the nociceptin receptor does not mediate the action of high doses of morphine.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoid tumors using aspiration lumpectomy.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although carcinoid tumors have malignant potential, complete resection can be curative if the lesion is located within the submucosal layer. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of endoscopic aspiration lumpectomy for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with rectal carcinoid tumors less than 10 mm in diameter and located within the submucosa were treated by aspiration lumpectomy. It was confirmed that none of the patients had any metastatic lesions before treatment. The procedure was carried out using an endoscope with a cylinder attached to the tip and a Teflon tube along its outer axis. The lesion was aspirated into the cylinder, grasped by a snare passed through the tube, and then resected. RESULTS: All lesions were excised completely, without any complications. The resected specimens were circular, with the lesions located in the center of the surrounding mucosa. The diameter of the specimens (mean +/- SD) was 18.3 +/- 6.2 mm. All tumors were histologically typical, and the lateral and bottom margins of the specimens were free of tumor cells. No recurrences or distant metastases were found in any of the patients during the mean observation period of 13.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that aspiration lumpectomy is a useful and safe technique for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors contained within the submucosa.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1997

Developmental sequence of human fetal body movements in the second half of pregnancy.

To describe fetal body movements precisely and to clarify their developmental sequence in the second half of pregnancy, fetal body movements were observed in 31 normal fetuses between 20 and 41 weeks of pregnancy by using multiple ultrasonic machines. All movements of the whole trunk were able to be classified into six fundamental movements: flexion, stretch, rolling, startle, stepping, and writhing. Startle was always observed as a single movement, but others were more frequently observed as a part of combination rather than as a single movements. The incidence of flexion and stretch peaked at 28-31 weeks, whereas the incidence of startle and stepping lowered at the period. The incidence of rolling and upper half trunk movements increased at 40-41 weeks. Limb movements were frequent and did not exhibit characteristic change in the incidence. In conclusion, we classified fetal body movements into several fundamental movements instead of using the expression of "general movements" by focusing principally on movements of the trunk. In particular, some of the fundamental movements seem to appear in characteristic ways as related to gestational age. In view of that fetal behaviors are closely related to the neural activity, the present findings may contribute to an understanding of the developmental process of the central nervous system.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

DNA polymorphism analysis of a case of complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus.

A complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus is a rare condition. The diagnosis is often difficult because of the morphological similarity to a partial mole, but is crucial to management in the postmolar course. We present a case of molar pregnancy coexisting with a fetus in which DNA polymorphism analysis revealed a different genetic origin for the fetal and molar parts. This is the only known case of a complete mole in a twin pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia followed by maternal pulmonary oedema. During follow-up, the patient developed a clinically invasive mole which was successfully treated with chemotherapy. In this case, genetic analysis unequivocally diagnosed a twin pregnancy consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and a fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A trilobed flap for reconstruction of nasal skin defects.

We developed a trilobed flap, i.e., a Dufourmentel flap connected to two continuous triangular flaps whose angles are decreased by one-quarter. We used this type of flap in eight patients with nasal skin defects, sequelae of tumorectomy, and obtained good results.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in normal human skin: expression of endothelial-type and inducible-type nitric oxide synthase in keratinocytes.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical mediator of various biological functions. NO is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which has three isoforms; endothelial-type NOS (eNOS) and brain-type NOS (bNOS) are constitutive enzymes, and inducible-type NOS (iNOS) is expressed after stimulation. We investigated the expression of NOS in normal human skin by an immunohistochemical technique and western blotting analysis. In human skin, epidermal keratinocytes and the outer root sheath were labeled with not only eNOS antibody but also with iNOS antibody. Both eNOS and iNOS protein in epidermal keratinocytes were confirmed by western blotting. eNOS immunoreactivity was observed in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, the arrector pili muscle, apocrine secretory gland, eccrine coiled duct, and eccrine secretory gland. bNOS immunoreactivity was observed in mast cells. No staining with anti-bNOS antibody was observed in any other cell type. Our present findings suggest that epidermal keratinocytes in normal human skin contain both eNOS and iNOS.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed1997

Two intracellular signaling pathways for activation of protein kinase C are involved in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage growth.

Recent studies demonstrated that oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) induces macrophage growth in vitro. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways for macrophage growth. Ox-LDL initiated a rapid and transient rise in intracellular free calcium ion and induced activation of membrane protein kinase C (PKC). Pertussis toxin completely inhibited the Ox-LDL-induced rise in free calcium ion and significantly inhibited macrophage growth by 50%. Moreover, PKC inhibitors calphostin C and H-7 significantly inhibited Ox-LDL-induced macrophage growth by 80%. On the other hand, phospholipase A2-treated acetylated LDL did not induce a rise in calcium but significantly activated PKC and led to significant macrophage growth that was significantly inhibited by calphostin C by 90%. These results suggest the presence of two intracellular signaling pathways for activation of PKC, a rise in calcium that was mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and the internalization of lysophosphatidylcholine through the scavenger receptors. These two pathways may play an important role in Ox-LDL-induced macrophage growth.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1997

Three neural groups in the femoral chordotonal organ of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: central projections and soma arrangement and displacement during joint flexion.

The arrangement of neuronal somata and their displacement during joint flexion together with the central projection of the pro- and metathoracic femoral chordotonal organs (FCOs) in the cricket were investigated. The FCO consists of the partially fused ventral and dorsal scoloparia in the proximal femur. The ventrally located neurones (the ventral group) form chain-like rows in which somata became sequentially smaller distally and project their axons ipsilaterally to the dorso-lateral regions, giving off abundant branches and terminating in the region between the dorsal intermediate tract and the ventral intermediate tract in the thoracic hemiganglion. The dorsal scoloparium, composed of small, simply aggregated neurones, projects exclusively to the medioventral association centre (mVAC), which is known to be an auditory neuropile. In addition, another neural cluster (the dorsal group) was found in the proximo-dorsal region of the ventral scoloparium. This was composed of simply aggregated neurones with axons giving off sparse branches dorso-laterally and terminating in the peripheral region inside the mVAC. The somata of these three groups were displaced distally by flexion of the femoro-tibial joint: the ventral group showed the greatest displacement, with the degree of movement depending upon soma location, while the dorsal group and dorsal scoloparium neurones were hardly displaced, possibly because of their strong connection with the cuticle. These properties were similar in both the prothoracic FCO and the metathoracic FCO. Taken together, the above points suggest that there is greater functional differentiation of the FCO than was previously thought.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of oral administration of soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine on impaired learning of passive avoidance in mice.

Soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine (SB-tPS) was investigated for its effect on the impaired learning of a passive avoidance task by mice induced by scopolamine or cycloheximide. SB-tPS (240, 360, 480 mg/kg) administered orally significantly prolonged the step-through latency shortened by scopolamine. SB-tPS (240 mg/kg) administered orally also prolonged the step-through latency shortened by cycloheximide. These results suggest that the effect of SB-tPS on the impaired learning behavior may be related not only to the cholinergic system but also the serotonergic system.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Toxicity studies of landiolol hydrochloride (ONO-1101) (2). 4-week repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in rats with 4-week recovery test].

4-week repeated dose toxicity study with 4-week recovery test of landiolol hydrochloride (ONO-1101), a novel ultra short acting beta-blocker, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. ONO-1101 was administered intravenously to rats of both sexes at a dose level of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day. In the 100 mg/kg/day group, bradypnea or dyspnea was seen in all animals, pale in ear, eye and foot, tremor, reddish lacrimation and loss of righting reflex were also observed in some animals right after administration, and then those signs disappeared within 1 min after administration. During the treatment period, 3/20 animals of each sex in the 100 mg/kg/day showed clonic convulsion and died within 2 min after administration. No clinical changes were seen in the 50 mg/kg/day group or lower. Histopathological findings showed atrophy of the submaxillary gland in females and vessel-wall thickening and perivascular fibrosis of the injection site (tail) in both sexes at 100 mg/kg/day, however those changes were reversible. ONO-1101 did not effect on body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights or necropsy at any doses. These results indicate that the no-adverse-effect level of ONO-1101 in rats is 50 mg/kg/day for both sexes in this study.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Comment on autogenic training and hypertension.

We comment on a report by Watanabe, et al. regarding the effects of autogenic training on hypertension. Using previous reports in the United States, we mention methodological problems on how to evaluate the effects of autogenic training and express our hope that they would provide further research to clarify the effects of autogenic training on hypertension.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1997

New anticancer antibiotics pelagiomicins, produced by a new marine bacterium Pelagiobacter variabilis.

In the course of our screening for new anticancer compounds produced by marine bacteria, we found that a new genus marine bacterium Pelagiobacter variabilis produced new phenazine antibiotics, pelagiomicins A, B and C. Those compounds were labile in water and alcohols. The absolute structure of the main component, pelagiomicin A, and the structures of the minor ones were determined from the spectroscopic data and by synthesis. Pelagiomicin A exhibits activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1997

[Extended Kalman filtering trained neural networks and multicomponent analysis of amino acids].

The principle of neural networks was briefly described. Backpropagation (BP) is a widely used algorithm to train NN with slow convergence and local optima. In order to overcome the above weakness of BP, a novel learning algorithm, extanded Kalman filtering (EKF, EF), was proposed with high performance. EFNN was used for simultaneous multi-component analysis with good results and no separation.

Algorithms↗