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Biomedical subjects

M Saitoh

Publications and source records attributed to M Saitoh.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Treatment of suprasellar arachnoid cyst--two case reports.

A 10-month-old girl presented with mental retardation and enlarged head, and a 3-year-old girl presented with epilepsy, both due to suprasellar arachnoid cysts. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the suprasellar arachnoid cyst and the relationship between the cyst and surrounding structures. The 10-month-old patient with accompanying hydrocephalus was treated by fenestration of the cyst wall into the basal cistern. Postoperatively, bilateral subdural effusion appeared and subdural-peritoneal shunting was required. Thereafter, she regained the ability to walk. Two years postoperatively, the cyst reenlarged but communication between the cyst and surrounding cisterns and her development was normal, so she has been followed conservatively. The 3-year-old patient presented without hydrocephalus and was treated by cyst-peritoneal shunting using a Codman-Medos programmable valve through craniotomy. Postoperatively, the cyst was reduced and there has been no recurrence for 2 years and 5 months. We consider that cyst-peritoneal shunting is the most effective treatment for suprasellar arachnoid cyst.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed1996

[Functional analysis of transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor].

Proteins in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily exert their effects by forming heteromeric complexes of their type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. Binding of TGF-beta to its constitutively active type II receptor (T beta R-II) recruits the type I receptor (T beta R-I) into the complex; T beta R-I is thereafter phosphorylated in GS domain located just N-terminal to the kinase domain and activated, which is necessary for TGF-beta signaling. Here we investigated the role of cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region located between the transmembrane domain and the GS domain of T beta R-I by mutational analyses using mutant lung epithelial cells which lack endogenous T beta R-I. Upon transfection, wild-type T beta R-I restored the TGF-beta signals for growth inhibition and production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI)-1 and fibronectin. A deletion-mutant, T beta R-I/JD 1 (delta 150-181), which lacks the juxtamembrane region preceding the GS domain bound TGF-beta in concert with T beta R-II and transduced a signal leading to production of PAI-1 but not growth inhibition. Recombinant receptors with mutations that change serine172 to alanine (S172A) or threonine176 to valine (T176V) were similar to wild-type T beta R-I in their abilities to bind TGF-beta, formed complexes with T beta R-II, and transduced a signal for PAI-1 and fibronectin. Similar to T beta R-I/JD1 (delta 150-181), however, these missense mutant receptors were impaired to mediate a growth inhibitory signal. These observations indicate that serine172 and threonine176 of T beta R-I are dispensable for extracellular matrix protein production but essential to the growth inhibition by TGF-beta.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[A case of huge renal angiomyolipoma calculated doubling time].

A 32-year-old man was admitted with a sudden onset of severe left flank pain. The abdominal and MRI showed bilateral renal tumors with left perirenal hematoma. Selective right renal biopsy under the guidance of ultrasonography revealed that right renal tumor was angiomyolipoma (AML). After performing left renal embolization of the left renal artery, left was performed. The histology of the excised specimen was also AML. This patient had visited to the other clinics in 1985 and in 1988, and was examined by CT. Accordingly, doubling time of this tumor was calculated by ellipsoid method. Doubling time in 1985-1988 was days, and that in 1988-1995 was 675 days. Growth change of left renal AML did not show curve.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hyaluronic acid increases proteoglycan synthesis in bovine articular cartilage in the presence of interleukin-1.

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder in humans. Although intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is in widespread clinical use, there are limited data on the effect of HA on degenerated cartilage. When bovine articular cartilage is degraded with interleukin-1, HA penetrates the cartilage and accumulates in the pericellular matrix of chondrocytes. HA also enhances proteoglycan synthesis that has been reduced by interleukin-1. Thus HA seems to have anabolic effects on degraded cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A case of posterior tuberculous spondylitis of the lumbar vertebra with the skull inoculated by acupuncture].

A 77-year-old male consulted an orthopedist with complaints of lumbago and a lumbar swelling, and was treated with acupuncture. As the symptoms deteriorated, and smear of a specimen aspirated from the lumbar swelling was positive for acid fast bacilli which were later identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, he was hospitalized in the National Chiba Higashi Hospital. On admission to our hospital, CT-scan of lumbar vertebrae showed the destructive change of spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra accompanied by the abscess formation, and an occipital swelling with the destructive change of skull was also detected. Whole body examinations with CT-scan and bronchoscopy did not reveal any other abnormal findings suspective of tuberculous lesions. The above lesions were both gradually improved by antituberculous chemotherapy with INH, RFP, and EB. He was finally diagnosed as posterior tuberculous spondylitis of the lumbar vertebra with cold abscess, and also clinically diagnosed as skull tuberculosis caused presumably by the inoculation of tubercle bacilli from the lumbar lesion by acupuncture.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1996

[Gaucher disease type 1, incidentally found on a periodic physical examination].

A 33-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of thrombocytopenia found on a periodic physical examination. Splenomegaly was recognized Peripheral blood showed WBC 4,510/microliters, Hb 12.5 g/dl, and Plt 40,000/microliters. Increased serum levels of acid phosphatase and angiotensin converting enzyme were observed on laboratory tests. Bone marrow aspirate revealed Gaucher cells. Decreased beta-glucosidase activity was demonstrated in blood leukocytes, cultured blood lymphocytes, and cultured bone marrow fubroblasts from the patient. His glucocerebrosidase genotype was T1448C/C1504T (L444P/R463C). Since neurological examination and skeletal X ray results were normal, Gaucher disease type 1 was diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A study on the background factors of cases died of pulmonary tuberculosis detected by symptomatic visit].

Forty three patients detected by symptomatic visit and died of active pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated on their social background factors. As to age of 43 cases, 17 cases (40%) were fortieth of fiftieth; namely in young productive age. Sixteen were male and 13 cases lived alone and thirteen cases had no regular occupation when they were admitted. Three were too serious to talk about their case histories. Among other 13 cases, none visited a hospital within three months from the appearance of their symptoms and 8 cases visited a hospital after six months or long from the appearance of their symptoms. Thus, the patient's delay was obvious, and this was actually the cause of death in this cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of AIDS with miliary tuberculosis].

A 22 year-old Thai male was admitted to our hospital because of chest pain and dyspnea. In 1989, he met with a traffic accident and was injured his head and the arm, and was given a blood transfusion in Thai. Laboratory examinations on admission revealed that serolopositivity for HIV, and CD4+T lymphocyte count was 17/microliter. Chest X-ray on admission showed bilateral diffuse nodular shadow, and he was diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis with AIDS. On the chest X-ray, in the right upper middle lung fields, the shadow was rough and partly influent. In the left lung, the nodular shadow were smaller and distributed evenly. As there was a difference in the distribution of nodular shadows between the left and right lung, the chest X-ray findings of this case was atypical of miliary tuberculosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

A statistical study of the American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia in participants of mass screening program for prostatic diseases using transrectal sonography.

PURPOSE: A study was done on the prevalence of urinary symptoms in community based populations in Japan regarding the influences of aging and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as evaluated by transrectal sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 961 Japanese men 55 to 87 years old who underwent mass screening for prostatic diseases the American Urological Association symptom index scores were compared with age and ultrasonic diagnosis of the prostate. RESULTS: Moderate to severe symptoms (symptom score 8 or more) were found in 265 of our 961 samples (27.6%), while BPH was also recognized ultrasonically in 197 (20.5%). Frequencies of urinary symptoms and BPH increased significantly with age. BPH related increase in total symptom scores occurred only in select men when adjusted by age. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the American Urological Association symptom index to characterize BPH in an individual was limited because of the lack of specificity to the disease along with the considerable influence of aging on the symptom score. Currently, transrectal sonography is the most reliable method for the definitive diagnosis of BPH.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

[Prevalence of coexisting diabetes mellitus among patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis].

We investigated the prevalence of coexisting diabetes mellitus among patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis by the time of admission, sex and age among 2659 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to National Chiba Higashi Hospital during the 8 years period from 1987 to 1994. Out of total patients, 352 patients were diagnosed as having coexisting diabetes mellitus and the rate was 13.2%. Prevalence of coexisting diabetes mellitus among active pulmonary tuberculosis during the period from 1991 to 1994 was significantly higher than that from 1987 to 1990. The prevalence in male was higher than that in female significantly. The prevalence was particularly higher in male of 40s (22.0%), and 50s (21.3%), than that in the other age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnostic accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography for screening of prostatic cancer].

Between January, 1994 and December, 1995, we performed systematic biopsy of the prostate in a secondary study of our mass screening program for prostatic diseases. Of the 3,219 males over 55 years of age, 25 patients with prostatic cancer (11 in stage B, 10 in stage C and 4 in stage D) were detected. Herein, the diagnostic accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography (TRS) was compared with that of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE). The sensitivity of TRS, PSA and DRE for cancer were 80%, 84% and 64% respectively. The specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy of TRS for cancer were higher than those of PSA or DRE.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Change of calibration method for enzyme assay in clinical biochemistry using automatic analyzer--comparison of calibration methods using K factor and human standard serum].

Enzyme activities in serum from experimental animals had been assayed by HITACHI 7150 Automatic Analyzer using K factors for calibration. Because K factor is derived from a molar extinction coefficient and, reagent and sample volumes for each assay system, it is a constant value in usual assay. As an alternative calibration method, a human standard serum, which is commercially available and well-controlled, is presently used in the same assay system because of some difficulties in supply. Four serum enzymes of human, rat, dog and monkey sera were determined by the above two methods. All values calibrated by human standard serum were approx. 10% higher than that using K factors. These small differences are allowable because data calibrated by human standard serum can be compared with previous data given by K factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Detection of residual prostate cancer after external radiotherapy. Role of prostate specific antigen and transrectal ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of positive post-radiotherapy biopsies has been reported, the range is considerable (19-93%) and depends partly on patient-selection criteria. In addition, the prognostic significance of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) used alone and in combination in predicting residual cancer after radiotherapy has yet to be determined. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies were performed on 31 unselected patients with prostate cancer 34-77 months (mean, 51 months) after definitive external beam radiotherapy was completed. Biopsy results were compared for pre- and posttreatment parameters (clinical stage, grade, PSA, and TRUS). RESULTS: In 22 patients (71%), residual cancer was detected histologically by biopsy. All but one patient (12/13, 92%) with a pretherapy PSA value greater than 10 ng/mL had a positive biopsy compared with 50% of those (7/14) with a pretherapy PSA value less than or equal to 10 (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, a positive biopsy was noted for 15 of 16 patients (94%) with a PSA value greater than 2 and in 20 of 23 (87%) of those with abnormal TRUS findings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The most clinically useful model for predicting histologically identifiable residual cancer was either a serum PSA value greater than 2 or a PSA value less than or equal to 2 and abnormal TRUS findings. The positive and negative predictive values of the model were 84% and 83%, respectively. The model predicted biopsy results correctly in 26 of 31 patients (84%). Transrectal ultrasonography is recommended as a diagnostic tool for patients whose PSA level ranges from a detectable level to less than or equal to 2 ng/mL.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

PSA assay of dried blood samples from the ear lobe on a filter paper with special reference to prostatic mass screening.

To eliminate complicated procedures for taking blood samples in the field work for prostatic mass screening, we developed a method for PSA testing using blood samples taken from the ear lobe and dried on a filter paper. The stability, the diagnostic efficacy, and the cost-benefit effect of the method were confirmed in hospitalized patients, as well as in subjects from our mass screening program.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1995

Evolution of the active sequences of the HpaI short interspersed elements.

Ninety-nine members of the salmonid HpaI and AvaIII families of short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) were aligned and a general consensus sequence was deduced. The presence of 26 correlated changes in nucleotides (diagnostic nucleotides) from those in the consensus sequence allowed us to divide the members of the HpaI family into 12 subfamilies and those of the AvaIII family into two subfamilies. On the basis of the average sequence divergences and the phylogenetic distributions of the subfamilies, the relative antiquity of the subfamilies and the process of sequential changes in the respective source sequences were inferred. Despite the higher mutation rates of CG dinucleotides in individual dispersed members, no hypermutability of CG positions was observed in changes in the source sequences. This result suggests that sequences of SINEs located in a nonmethylated or hypomethylated genomic region could have been selected as source sequences for retroposition and/or that some CG sites are the parts of recognition sequences of retropositional machineries.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Malacoplakia of the prostate.

Malacoplakia of the prostate is relatively rare in the literature. It occasionally simulates prostatic cancer as regards clinical and histopathological findings. We report a 58-year-old male with this disorder successfully treated with antibiotics. Peculiar histopathologic changes were demonstrated in the prostate with PAS and von Kossa's stains. We recommend caution and suspicion for prostatic malacoplakia to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

A correlation study between serum adenosine deaminase activities and peripheral lymphocyte subsets in Parkinson's disease.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isozyme activities in serum were measured together with peripheral lymphocyte subsets in 42 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The total and ADA 2 activities were significantly higher than normal controls (p < 0.01). As regards the peripheral lymphocyte subsets, the proportion of OKT 10+ cells (activated T lymphocytes) and the proportions of interleukin-2 receptor+ and HLA-DR+ cells (mainly activated T lymphocytes) were significantly higher than normal controls (p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.01, respectively). On the other hand, OKT 10+ cells demonstrated a significant correlation not only with total ADA but also with ADA 2 activity. These results suggest that high serum ADA activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease through peripheral T lymphocyte activation.

Adenosine Deaminase↗