Biomedical subjects

M Saitoh

Publications and source records attributed to M Saitoh.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[The relationship between serum PSA value and the weight of the inner gland of the prostate in the cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

BACKGROUND: To study reasons why serum PSA value (Markit-F) elevates in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: The relationship between total prostatic weight and the outer gland weight in 48 cases of BPH undergoing subcapsular prostatectomy was studied by ultrasound measurement. PSA was compared with prostatic weight, inner gland weight, outer gland weight, growth speed of the inner gland and age in the 48 cases. RESULTS: 1) The weight of the outer gland increased slightly in proportion to the development of BPH. However, the increase was not significant statistically. 2) PSA correlated with the inner gland weight and growing speed of the inner gland well. 3) PSA did not correlate with the outer gland weight and age. CONCLUSIONS: It is well known that PSA elevates not only in the cases of prostatic cancer but also in the cases of BPH and that PSA correlates with the whole prostatic weight. This study revealed that the elevation of PSA in the cases of BPH was caused by enlargement of the inner gland.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Binding of IgA1 to monocyte/macrophage cell lines (THP-1, U937) in IgA nephropathy--a possible role of O-glycan in the IgA1 molecule].

IgA1 is an exceptional serum glycoprotein because it has O-glycans in the hinge region. It has been observed that the monocyte/macrophages infiltrate within the glomeruli in IgA-N. On the other hand, it is well established that the carbohydrate side chains (N-glycans) of the IgG molecule play a role in the binding of IgG to Fc receptors. Therefore, the binding of IgA1 to monocyte/macrophage cell lines was observed with the aim of clarifying the role of the O-glycan side chains in IgA-N in the initial mechanism of glomerular damage due to the interaction between the O-glycan chains on the IgA1 molecule and infiltrating monocyte/macrophages. Two human myelomonocytic cell lines, THP-1 and U-937, were activated and incubated with separated IgA1 (IgA-N, n = 16; other glomerulonephritides (other GN), n = 15; healthy controls, n = 9). The binding attitude of IgA1 to the cell lines was observed by flow immunofluorometry using a FACScan. FACScan showed that the binding of IgA1 to both of the stimulated monocyte/macrophage cell lines was increased in IgA-N compared to the normal controls and other GN. The binding of IgA1 to THP-1 was partially, but definitely inhibited by adding 100 mM melibiose (19.6 +/- 7.7%) and galactose (13.1 +/- 2.9%), but not glucose (2.9 +/- 2.2%), lactose (4.7 +/- 4.7%) and mannose (3.3 +/- 3.3%). These results suggested that THP-1 had a receptor that recognized the O-glycan in the IgA1 hinge region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cell Line↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical implication of selective renal tumor biopsy].

Since 1982, we have performed selective needle core biopsy under ultrasonic real time guidance for the specially indicated cases with a suspected renal tumor. Between June 1982 and April 1994, 100 renal tumor cases were examined by biopsy with a success rate of 97%. We evaluated 63 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 7 cases of transitional cell carcinoma, 2 cases of metastatic carcinoma, and 25 cases of benign lesions such as angiomyolipoma and hemorrhagic cyst. In 3 cases no tissue was obtained. No complications occurred except for dissemination in only one case of angiomyoliposarcoma. Recently incidental renal tumors tend to increase more and more, and small incidental renal tumors may have a high possibility of benign tumor compared with symptomatic renal tumor. Selective renal tumor biopsy may be valuable in the diagnosis of an incidental renal tumor which is difficult to differentiate between malignant tumor and benign tumor by several imaging methods. From our experiments and other reports, the clinical implication of renal tumor biopsy is discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--clinical analysis].

We report the results of a study on the long-term outcome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The clinical subjects were 81 ALS patients, 75 of whom required assisted ventilation, and 57 of whom have died. We found that the following factors were associated with a longer clinical course: (1) younger onset: (2) female sex: (3) left-sided predominance of amyotrophy: (4) slower development of bulbar symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Activation of protein kinase C and the involvement of prostaglandin E2 in the inhibition of osteosarcoma-derived cell alkaline phosphatase activity.

We present evidence for the presence of specific, high-affinity binding sites for tritiated phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate on osteosarcoma-derived (HT-3) cells. Activation of protein kinase C by a phorbol ester resulted in an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity and the accumulation of prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin blocked prostaglandin E2 production and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. These data suggest that prostaglandin E2 is enhanced by activation of protein kinase C, and in turn, alkaline phosphatase activity is reduced.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1995

[Twenty-eight days repeated dose toxicity test of N-(fluorodichloromethylthio)phthalimide in rats].

N-(Fluorodichloromethylthio)phthalimide (Fluor-folpet) has been widely used as an anti-mold and anti-bacterial agent. In this study, 28 days repeated-dose oral toxicity study of fluor-folpet was carried out in Slc:Wistar rats. An oral toxicity study for fluor-folpet, the twenty-eight days test, repeated-dose, oral administration, was performed as follows: Five week-old rats, male and female, 10 rats, each/group, were treated with intragastric administration of fluor-folpet with a dose of 0 (1% Sodium CMC, control), 20, 80 and 320 mg/kg, body weight. Recovery test, for 14 days after the last treatment, was examined for the control and the 320 mg/kg groups. The 320 mg/kg groups, both males and females, showed significantly reduced their body-weight gain compared with the control group. In the 320 mg/kg group, five out of 20 male rats and four out of 20 female rats died from dyspnea during the treatment period. In the female rats in the 320 mg/kg group, serum ChE level was decreased to 50% of control level and gamma-GT was increased in a dose-dependent manner, but these serum levels recovered after 14 days non-treatment period. No histopathological change, relating to the treatment, in liver was observed. Increased weight of the kidney and vacuolation in renal tubules were found in both sexes of 320 mg/kg group. Hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the stomach epithelium were observed at the dose more than 80 mg/kg in male, and more than 20 mg/kg in female. A supplemental study, repeated-dose, oral administration in rats carried out to examine the dyspnea revealed that severe acute toxic damages in epithelium of nasal cavity and meatus nasopharyngeus were induced by intragastric administration of fluor-folpet. Fluor-folpet is shown to be cytotoxic. In conclusion, the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for fluor-folpet was not found under the experimental conditions employed in this repeated-dose toxicity study.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

[Comparative studies on a single dose toxicity of microsomal Ca(2+)ATPase inhibitor, 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone and its related analog, mono(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone, in rats].

We performed comparative studies to determine an acute toxicity of microsomal Ca(2+)ATPase inhibitor, 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ) and its related analog, mono(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (MTBHQ), which are both used as antioxodants. Wistar rats, 5 weeks old, male and female, were used. By a single dose of oral administration, DTBHQ-induced LD50 values (obtained by Lorke method) in male and female rats were estimated 295.1 and 234.4 mg/kg BW, respectively, whereas each LD50 value for MTBHQ was 711.6 and 400.0 mg/kg BW, respectively. MTBHQ-induced deaths occurred from 8 to 20 minutes after administration, however, DTBHQ-induced deaths occurred more delayed from 1 to 5 days after administration. The observed toxic signs of DTBHQ included diarrhea (jelly like), prone position, lacrimation, salivation and abnormal gait (such as reluctance to walk, limping). Localized purpura and loss of the tail (perhaps as a result of necrosis) were also observed. In comparison, MTBHQ elicited prone position, panting, staggering gait and spastic gait. Without loss of the tail montioned above, dead and sacrified rats showed no remarkable changes in macroscopic examination due to exposure to both compounds.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Species-specific amplification of tRNA-derived short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) by retroposition: a process of parasitization of entire genomes during the evolution of salmonids.

Fourteen members of the Hpa I subfamilies of tRNA-derived SINEs in particular salmonid species were isolated from genomic libraries of chum salmon, kokanee, coho salmon, masu salmon, and steelhead. Alignment of the sequences of these 14 members, together with those of 4 members already published, 3 of which were previously demonstrated to have been amplified specifically in certain lineages, revealed the presence of five subfamilies with particular diagnostic nucleotides. The amplification of members of the same subfamily in different salmonid lineages and the amplification of members of different subfamilies in the same salmonid lineage suggest that multiple dispersed loci were responsible for amplification or, alternatively, that SINEs were transmitted horizontally between species. These two possibilities are not mutually exclusive. Our results also indicate that the Hpa I SINEs in salmonids behave like parasites. The amplification of these SINEs is ongoing and continues to shape the evolution of salmonid genomes.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effect of mannose, fructose and lactate on the preservation of synaptic potentials in hippocampal slices.

We investigated the effect of fructose, mannose and lactate on the preservation of synaptic transmission in the granule cell layer of guinea pig hippocampal slices during deprivation of glucose. After replacement of glucose with lactate (5 mM) or fructose (10 mM), population spikes (PS) extinguished transiently and thereafter recovered to 60-70% of the original amplitude. Replacement of glucose with mannose (10 mM) decreased the PS amplitude by 50-60% within 20 min. and was followed by recovery to 80% of the original amplitude. The levels of ATP and CrP (creatine phosphate) in fructose, mannose and lactate containing medium were maintained at 80-90% of the original levels. PS of the slices exposed to both glucose and lactate showed a similar pattern to that observed in lactate medium with deprivation of glucose. These results suggest that lactate, mannose and fructose could be metabolic substrates for energy production and are able to preserve the synaptic potentials, however, it takes 20-30 min for the functional replacement of glucose with these sugars or metabolites to occur.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1994

Liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma: model of endogenous nitric oxide and extragastric nitrosation in human carcinogenesis.

Cancers arising during bacterial, viral and parasitic infection provide useful models to investigate the link between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Because the inflammatory agent is known, relationships between immune responses, the production of DNA-damaging agents, such as nitric oxide, oxygen radicles and N-nitroso compounds, and cancer risk can be explored. This paper first describes the close relationship between infection with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, and cholangiocarcinoma in humans. Data are then presented which demonstrate an elevation in levels of salivary nitrite and urinary and plasma nitrate among men with moderate and heavy liver fluke infections compared to uninfected controls which was absent 4 months after the parasites were cleared with praziquantel. Because of the strict control over subject selection and dietary intake plus the absence of the increase following treatment, we conclude that the higher levels of nitrate and nitrite reflect endogenous generation of nitric oxide resulting from liver fluke infection. Excess nitric oxide generation in the inflamed tissue is likely to lead directly to the formation of N-nitroso compounds mediated by activated macrophages. Further work will attempt to demonstrate a link between this increase and both parasite-specific immune responses and the risk of cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Inhibition of the soluble and the tumor cell receptor-bound plasmin by urinary trypsin inhibitor and subsequent effects on tumor cell invasion and metastasis.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether highly purified human urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) efficiently inhibits the soluble and the tumor cell receptor-bound plasmin. The ability of plasmin inhibitors to regulate invasion by tumor cells which express membrane-associated plasmin was also examined. UTI and two other plasmin inhibitors [alpha 2-anti-plasmin (alpha 2AP) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M)] were used. alpha 2AP and alpha 2M, as well as UTI, rapidly inactivate the soluble plasmin that is not bound to cells. Experiments were performed in vitro using cultures of ovarian cancer HOC-I cells and gestational choriocarcinoma SMT-ccl cells. HOC-I and SMT-ccl cells had plasmin(ogen) on their cell surface, and the plasmin activity was detected on their cell surface enzymologically and immunologically. Receptor-bound plasmin reacted effectively with UTI and was directly inactivated by UTI. In contrast, receptor-bound plasmin was not inhibited by alpha 2AP and alpha 2M. Using a modified Boyden chamber and an artificial basement membrane, Matrigel, it was found that UTI, but not alpha 2AP or alpha 2M, can inhibit HOC-I and SMT-ccl cells invasion in vitro. Furthermore, in the experimental lung metastasis model, UTI inhibited the formation of lung metastasis by Lewis lung carcinoma cells. The inhibition of tumor cell invasion was not due to direct antitumor effects of UTI. These results suggest that inhibition of receptor-bound plasmin by UTI is associated with significantly reduced tumor cell invasiveness in vitro and with a decreased number of metastasis in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Kinetic analysis of focal hypoechoic lesion in the prostate treated by castration.

Dynamic changes in the focal hypoehoic lesion (FHL) in the prostate, visualized by transrectal sonography (TRS), were determined in five patients with prostatic cancer (PC) after treatment by castration. In all cases, the volume of FHL, as well as the volume of the whole prostate, decreased exponentially after castration. In four out of five cases, the volume (not including the FHL, which might suggest the volume of the normal tissues) increased slightly in the early postoperative weeks, and decreased thereafter. In the remaining one case, it decreased consecutively. According to the formula established in our previous study, the reduction time (tau) of the volume of the whole prostate and of the volume of the FHL was calculated, indicating that the tau of the FHL was remarkably shorter than that of the volume not indicating the FHL. This evidence suggested that not only the cancerous tissues but also the normal prostatic tissues might reduce in volume after castration.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Superoxide dismutase inhibits interleukin-1-induced degradation of human cartilage.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of cartilage destruction in arthritis-related disorders. Human recombinant superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked IL-1-mediated cartilage destruction but had no effect on IL-1-mediated changes in glycosaminoglycan and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. These data suggest that superoxide anions may be one factor of IL-1-mediated cartilage destruction.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Ultrasonic volume monitoring in patient with prostate cancer treated by external beam radiation therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not tumor volume estimates are useful in predicting and detecting disease progression following radiation therapy in patients being treated for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. METHODS: Compare preradiation therapy ultrasound determined volumetric analysis of the prostate gland, the hypoechoic tumor lesion, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values to sequential post-therapy determinations. RESULTS: The average percent volume reduction rates at three months postradiation therapy of the entire prostate gland and the hypoechoic tumor lesion were 18.1 and 60 percent, respectively. The serum PSA value at three months decreased by 69.3 percent. After the first three months, further reductions in all three parameters were minimal. The volume of the histologically confirmed cancer lesions in progressing patients decreased at a slower rate than that of nonprogressing patients during the initial six months of follow-up (p = 0.03). Among the 14 progressing patients, a new hypoechoic lesion (5 of which were biopsy-positive) developed in 7, and 7 had persistent lesions. An elevated PSA was observed in 10 of the progressors. CONCLUSIONS: The volume change of the hypoechoic lesion was sensitive in detecting disease progression and mirrored the change in PSA levels. The monitoring of hypoechoic lesion volume is useful both to predict and to detect disease progression following radiation therapy while volume change of the prostate gland was not sensitive for these purposes.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Dietary gamma-linolenic acid-enriched oil reduces body fat content and induces liver enzyme activities relating to fatty acid beta-oxidation in rats.

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of dietary gamma-linolenic acid-enriched oil extracted from fungi on rat body composition and on the various enzyme activities relating to fat metabolism in the liver. The oil contained 25.3 g gamma-linolenic acid/100 g fatty acids. The levels of gamma-linolenic acid-enriched oil in the diets were 0, 1.5 and 4%, to give 0, 2.88 and 7.68 g gamma-linolenic acid/kg diet. The control diet contained 8% soybean oil. The rats were given free access to these diets for 4 wk. Body weight gain was less in the gamma-linolenic acid oil-fed groups than in the control group, although food intake was similar among the three groups. Absolute and relative carcass fat weights were significantly lower in the gamma-linolenic acid oil-fed groups than in the control group. Carcass protein and water contents were not different among the three groups, although values were slightly greater than controls in gamma-linolenic acid-fed groups when expressed relative to body weight. Plasma total cholesterol and free fatty acid concentrations generally were lower in the gamma-linolenic acid oil-fed groups than in the control group. In the liver, there were no significant differences in activities of malic enzyme and citrate cleavage enzyme among the three groups. However, the activities of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase and peroxisomal beta-oxidation were significantly higher in the gamma-linolenic acid oil-fed groups than in the control group. These results clearly demonstrate that dietary gamma-linolenic acid oil reduces body fat content and facilitates fatty acid beta-oxidation in the liver.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation of mixed chimaerism and origin of bone marrow derived fibroblastoid cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We assessed the origin of bone marrow derived fibroblastoid cells (BMF) in long-term cultures of 13 samples obtained from nine patients after allo-BMT by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of MCT118, one of the variable number of tandem repeats regions (VNTR). BMF showed a complete recipient pattern in nine samples obtained from seven patients; however, a recipient-predominant mixed chimaeric pattern was detected in BMF from four patients. Also, two of the four patients died with bone marrow hypoplasia. These data suggest that mixed chimaeric pattern of BMF may be correlated with bone marrow hypoplasia.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Cervical dural arteriovenous malformation presenting with right-sided occipitalgia: before and after successful treatment by embolization.

We report a 52-year-old man who had a 2-year history of right-sided occipitalgia. His pain was induced by anteroflexion of the neck. Neurologic examinations showed mild right C2 and C3 root signs. Cervical MR imaging disclosed an extra-medullary intradural crooked shadow at the level between C2 and C3 vertebrae, which was proven by selective angiogram of the ascending cervical artery to be a dural arteriovenous malformation located in the right C3 root sleeve. Embolization by an endovascular approach resulted in angiographic and clinical cure. These findings indicate that headache due to arteriovenous malformation in upper cervical region may be surgically treatable.

Angiography↗

PubMed1994

[Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 infections at the Hirosaki district in Aomori Prefecture from 1984 to 1991].

During the period from January 1984 to December 1991, 118 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from the specimens which were requested for bacterial examination from various medical practitioners. The results of bacteriological examination of these isolates showed that 11 of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 sporadic infections were confirmed at Hirosaki district in Aomori Prefecture. Of the eleven isolated strains, nine were from feces, two were from contents of extracted appendix. These strains were biovar (Wauters) 1, harboring 42 megadalton virulence plasmid, positive for autoagglutination and calcium dependency. Patients were under fifteen years old except one case of a 45 year old. Seven patients were living in the inter-mountain area, three in the urban area and one in the plain area. The infectious source was not found.

Adolescent↗