Ontogeny of the post-decapitation convulsion in the rat: effects of neonatal systemic 6-hydroxydopamine.
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Aging↗
Biomedical subjects
M Saari
Publications and source records attributed to M Saari.
Effect of vehicle on pilocarpine-induced ocular hypotension.
The effect of 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol and castor oil vehicles on pilocarpine-induced hypotension was studied in 50 patients with open-angle glaucoma. Diurnal tension curves showed that the mean intraocular pressure was lower and the maximum diurnal variation smaller during the treatment with oily drops of 2% and 4% pilocarpine instilled 2-3 times daily than when 2% and 4% pilocarpine in polyvinyl alcohol was instilled 3-4 times daily. The differences were statistically significant. In long-term treatment no marked pilocarpine tolerance developed in cases treated with oily drops of pilocarpine. It is concluded that in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma, the hypotensive effect of pilocarpine in an oily vehicle instilled 2-3 times daily is greater and more even than that of pilocarpine of corresponding strength in polyvinyl alcohol administered 3-4 times daily.
Adult↗
Effect of vehicle on pilocarpine-induced miosis.
To determine the effect of 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and castor oil vehicles on the pilocarpine-induced miosis, we studied the miotic effect of 2% pilocarpine-PVA and oily drops on 4 young and 10 elderly people and the miotic effect of 4% pilocarpine-PVA and oily drops on 13 elderly people. The miosis developed fast within 15 min, and maximum miosis was rached within 1 h. Oily drops of pilocarpine induced stronger maximum miosis than corresponding PVA-drops. The pupil remained contracted to less than 50% of its starting diameter after pilocarpine-PVA drops for 3-4 h and after oily drops for 9 h and returned to its starting diameter after pilocarpine-PVA drops 9-10 h and after oily drops 20-24 h following administration. The difference in the effect between pilocarpine-PVA and oily drops was independent of the subjects' age.
Adult↗
Disciform detachment of the macula. III. Secondary to inflammatory diseases.
The association of inflammatory diseases with disciform macular detachment is described in three patients. The first patient with seropositive syphilis developed juxtapapillary choroiditis, disciform detachment of the left macula progressing to a wide-spread area with atrophy of the choriocapillaris and pigment epithelium, corpuscular aggregations of retinal pigment, and white fibrous tissue between the choroid and retina. The second patient with fever, anorexia, fatigue, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and pulmonary changes developed choroiditis with disciform detachment of the left macula, one month later choroiditis with disciform detachment of the pigment epithelium in the right fundus, and two months later serofibrinous pleurisy which improved with tuberculostatic therapy suggesting tuberculous aetiology. The third patient, with puerperal sepsis in her past medical history, had peripapillary atrophic scars in both eyes with choroidal neovascularization and disciform detachment of the macula in the left eye.
Adult↗
Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis: a simultaneous bilateral fluorescein angiographic study of the iris.
Twelve patients with Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) were studied with simultaneous bilateral flucrescein angiography of the iris. The flow began a little earlier in the contralateral iris in 4 cases, and simultaneously in both irides in 8 cases. The radial iris vessels were narrow in 7 eyes with FHC and in the contralateral eyes of 2 elderly patients and 1 patient with pigmentary retinal dystrophy and FHC. An ischaemic sector of the iris was seen in 6 eyes with FHC, neovascularisation of the iris in 8 eyes, and fluorescein leakage of the iris vessels was seen in all eyes with FHC. No neovascularisation of the iris occurred in the contralateral eyes, and only minimal fluorescein leakage was seen at the pupillary border of 5 contralateral eyes. The results support the hypothesis of vascular pathomechanism in FHC.
Adolescent↗
Infra-red transillumination stereophotography of the iris in Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis.
The structural pattern of the iris in 13 patients with Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) was studied by infra-red transillumination stereophotography. All eyes with FHC showed atrophic changes of the iris. Extensive iris atrophy appeared as light, even translucence of the iris, associated in some cases with occasional dense small patches or pigment clumps. Moderate punctate, patchy or radiate, or extensive atrophy of the sphincter muscle was seen in all eyes with FHC. Radial contraction folds of Schwalbe, structural folds of Schwalbe, and circular contraction folds on the posterior surface of the iris were visualised in few eyes with FHC, whereas they were seen in most contralateral eyes. The results suggest that infra-red transillumination sterophotography can be used as a diagnostic method in FHC.
Adolescent↗
Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in brain regions after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine in the neonatal rat.
Intraventricular 6-OHDA treatment to newborn rats produced a marked reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in most brain regions at maturity which correlated moderately well with the catecholamine levels. However, those regions in which NE levels were increased did not show a corresponding increase in total tyrosine hydroxylase activity. There was a much better correlation between NE levels and the particulate form of tyrosine hydroxylase which has been suggested to be the more functionally active form of the enzyme.
Animals↗
Family studies of ocular manifestations in arthritis.
To determine the hereditary and clinical patterns, nine patients from three families with different systemic and ocular rheumatoid diseases were examined ophthalmologically and medically. Three types of HLA-B27 associated anterior uveitis were seen. While HLA-B27 linked genes predispose the carrier to acute anterior uveitis (AAU) frequently recurring or chronic anterior uveitis may develop if an immune-complex disease such as Rheumatoid arthritis coexists. Hereditary factors may dispose patients to rheumatoid episcleritis, scleritis and keratitis.
Adolescent↗
Genetic background of Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis.
We studied the genetic background of 24 patients with Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC). Each was given a careful eye examination which included family history and serological determination of HLA antigens. Two families each had 2 cases of FHC in the same family; in addition an ancestor in the second family possibly had FHC; in both families one healthy member had simple heterochromia. One patient with FHC had congenital uveal coloboma, one pigmentary retinal dystrophy, and four had cysts of the ciliary body. The frequencies of all HLA antigens in patients with FHC compared well with the frequencies in the controls. In a family in which HLA haplotypes could be derived, the patients with FHC showed different HLA haplotypes. We conclude that FHC has a hereditary basis but its immunological component is not genetically associated with the HLA system.
Adolescent↗
Effect of intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine in neonatal rats on the catecholamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in brain regions at maturity.
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Aging↗
Nephropathia epidemica. The Scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
We report epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and biopsy findings in 14 cases of nephropathia epidemica. The patients were between 19 and 49 years of age. The onset of the disease was characterized by high fever, nausea, headache, backache, abdominal pain, proteinuria, oliguria, hematuria, and uremia. The symptoms subsided rapidly during the polyuria phase, which followed the oliguria stage. Because of renal failure, hemodialysis was required in eight cases. Edema of eyelids, conjunctival injection and hemorrhages, transitory myopia, and acute glaucoma were the most common eye abnormalities. Renal biopsy specimens showed glomerular changes, with mild swelling of the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule, thickening of the basement membrane of glomerular capillaries, glomerular adhesions, inflammatory cell infiltration, leukocytoclasis and hemorrhages in the interstitium, and eosinophilic hyaline degeneration and vacuolization of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubuli.
Acute Disease↗
Arachnoid cyst of the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve with unilateral disc oedema and transient shallowing of the anterior chamber. A case report.
An unusual occurrence of chronic monocular disc oedema, visual loss and shallowing of the anterior chamber in a patient with an arachnoid cyst involving a portion of the intraorbital optic nerve was reported. Decompression of the optic nerve sheath through a Krönlein approach was followed by prompt deepening of the anterior chamber and a gradual, delayed relief of the disc oedema. It is concluded that orbitotomy and decompression of the optic nerve sheath should be done before atrophic changes of the optic nerve and visual loss begin to develop.
Adult↗
Disciform detachment of the macula. I. Juvenile haemorrhagic macular choroidopathy.
The clinical findings in six patients with juvenile haemorrhagic macular choroidopathy are described. There was no evidence of infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. The history, clinical features and course of the disease suggested that at least in some cases intravascular coagulation in the central choriocapillaris may form the choroidopathy inducing the disciform detachment of the macula. Oral corticosteroids could not prevent progression of the lesion which had a poor visual outcome. In one patient, good therapeutic response was achieved with acetylsalicylic acid, which may be useful together with lasercoagulation in the early treatment of this syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Disciform detachment of the macula. II. Fluorescein and indocyanine green fluorescence angiographic findings in juvenile haemorrhagic macular choroidopathy.
Six patients with juvenile haemorrhagic mascular choroidopathy were studied with fluorescein and indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) angiography, and red-light and red-free light photography in different stages of the disease. The primary lesion consisted of multifocal, whitish, dot-like areas of choroidal infiltration showing hyperfluorescence in the late phase of the fluorescein angiograms. Red-light photographs revealed depigmentation of the pigment epithelium overlying the choroidal lesion, and clearly demonstrated the subsequent pigment-ring lesion. Fluorescein angiograms revealed subretinal neovascularization at the site of the disciform-stage choroidal lesion. ICG angiograms revealed the choridal lesion to be located in the region of greatest supply of short posterior ciliary arteries, wheras the lesion itself remained underfilled throughout the angiogram suggesting vascular decompensation at the site of the lesion. The results suggest a vascular basis, namely intravascular coagulation in the central choriocapillaris, for this uveitis entity.
Choroid↗
Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis affecting the macula.
To study macular changes in toxoplasmic chorioretinitis 41 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were reviewed. Of the 41 patients, seven had central, large, deep, pigment ringed scars of congenital toxoplasmosis with poor central vision; squint was seen in two and nystagmus in two; 32, including 11 cases with a macular lesion, had recurrent active toxoplasmic chorioretinitis with a focal, yellowish-white, elevated lesion with indistinct borders mostly at the margin of an old scar and associated with vitreous opacities in all, secondary anterior uveitis in 28, macular oedema in 22, papilloedema in 14, and retinal perivasculitis in 16 cases; two had rare acquired toxoplasmic chorioretinitis affecting the macula. The results show that active toxoplasmic chorioretinitis often causes a widespread intraocular inflammation with vitritis, macular oedema, papilloedema, retinal perivasculitis and secondary anterior uveitis, and suggest a combined treatment of active lesions with antimicrobial agents and corticosteroids.
Adolescent↗
Clinical characteristics of familial acute anterior uveitis.
Of 24 patients with familial acute anterior uveitis (AAU) 22 cases were non-granulomatous and 2 granulomatous. Of the 23 HLA tested patients 19 had the antigen HLA-B27. The 2 granulomatous and 2 non-granulomatous AAU cases were HLA-B27 negative. The iritis associated with the antigen HLA-B27 was unilateral, acute and recurrent, with cells and flare in the aqueous humor, and it lasted on an average 5 weeks. Keratic precipitates were never mutton fat, if the antigen B27 was present. X-ray examination of 8 patients revealed sacroilittis in 5. It is concluded that certain factors like trauma or infective agents may provoke familial AAU which is in close relationship with the HLA-B27 associated rheumatic group of diseases.
Acute Disease↗
Acute anterior uveitis and HLA-B27 in families.
To determine the hereditary pattern of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) 12 families with 2 cases of AAU in each family were given a routine eye examination which included serological determination of HLA antigens. Members of four families underwent x-ray examination of the lumbosacral spine. Of the 23 cases with AAU examined, 19 had the antigen B27. The genes determining B27 and a2 were inherited together in 14 instances and the gene determining Cwl in 10 of these 14. The lymphocytes of the HLA identical siblings of the three families studied by the mixed lymphocyte culture test did not react against each other. Sacroilities was seen in 62.5% of cases with familial AAU and in 58.6% of their relatives. It is concluded that HLA-B27 is linked with genes predisposing the carrier to familial AAU, which is closely related to the rheumatic group of diseases.
Acute Disease↗
Infrared transillumination stereophotography of normal iris.
We studied the structure of the normal iris as seen in infrared transillumination photographs of variously pigmented eyes in subjects of different age and sex. To transilluminate the iris infrared light was passes via a fiber-glass optic through the lateral wall of the globe and photographs were taken with a Zeiss stereo slit-lamp camera. The photographs showed that the structural pattern of the iris was similar in both blue and brown eyes of either sex. The iris was rather dense in children, well developed in adults and somewhat atrophic in the elderly. On the posterior surface of the iris the radial contraction folds and the structural folds of Schwalbe and circular contraction folds were seen; they were delicate in children and more pronounced in adults and the elderly. The pupillary part of the iris ballooned forward in young people whereas in the elderly the whole iris had this configuration.
Adolescent↗