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Biomedical subjects

M S Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to M S Shapiro.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Myalgias and muscle contractures as the presenting signs of Addison's disease.

Severe generalized myalgias and muscle contractures of the lower extremities were the major initial manifestations of adrenal insufficiency in a 26 year old black male. The intensity of increased skin pigmentation was not fully appreciated until the patient's skin colour was compared to that of his brother. Replacement with physiological doses of gluco- and mineralocorticoids was associated with complete amelioration of symptomatology.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1987

The polyglandular deficiency syndrome: a new variant in Persian Jews.

Five Persian Jews were detected with the polyglandular deficiency syndrome (PDS). Primary hypoparathyroidism and hypogonadism were present in each, adrenal insufficiency in two, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and latent hypothyroidism in single subjects. The percentage of T and B cells, and the mononuclear cell response to phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A were normal in all five. IgG and IgA levels and the OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio were low in one subject. Antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies were present in one subject. HLA-DR5 was present in 4/4, HLA-24 and B5 (B51) in 3/4 subjects. A single case of isolated hypoparathyroidism (IHP) was detected among 12 first degree relatives. HLA antigens B8, DR3, were absent in all of these subjects. Seven non-Iranian Jews with IHP were also examined. HLA A26 or A25 were present in all seven. Persian Jews appear to have a unique variant of PDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Lateralization of visual hemifield attention across development.

Heilman and Valenstein (Clinical Neuropsychology, 1979, Oxford University Press, New York) have hypothesized a right hemispheric mechanism which mediates attention bilaterally. Shapiro and Hynd ("The development of functional lateralization in visual hemifield attention." Developmental Neuropsychology, Vol. 1, pp 67-80, 1985) examined the developmental validity of this model and their findings did not provide evidence for a lateralized mechanism for visual hemifield attention in 9, 13, and 18 year olds. However, length of foreperiod and gender effects were noted. This study attempted to compare these groups with a group of normal adults (ages 25-35) using the same reaction time paradigm. The study demonstrated support for the length of foreperiod effect found by Shapiro and Hynd. Hand effects were also found. However, these results do not lend support to either the model proposed by Heilman and Valenstein (1979) or Shapiro and Hynd's (1985) notion of developmental differences across age groups with respect to right hemisphere dominance for mediating attention.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

5-Fluorouracil toxicity to the ocular surface epithelium.

The antimetabolite, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been used to control proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells and fibrocytes, and is currently the subject of a multicenter clinical trial of its value in the control of scarring after glaucoma operations. To evaluate possible ocular surface toxicity, the effect of 5-FU on the mitotic rate and differentiation of the ocular surface epithelium in rabbits was measured. 5-FU was instilled into eyes with 10-mm diameter central epithelial wounds and into nonwounded eyes at a dose of 9 mg per day for 4 days. Saline treated control wounded eyes healed within 4 days (n = 5) while 40% (4 of 10) of the 5-FU treated wounded eyes had defects at 4 days. The normal mitotic rate of the corneal epithelium was 1.0 +/- 0.3 (n = 4) tritiated thymidine labeled cells per 100 basal corneal epithelial cells after 2.5 hr incubation. Saline treated control wounded eyes had an increased mitotic rate, 7.1 +/- 1.3 (n = 5) labeled cells per 100 basal corneal epithelial cells after 2.5 hr incubation. Topical 5-FU decreased both of those rates to about 1% of normal. The normal conjunctival epithelial mitotic rate was 1.8 +/- 0.4 (n = 4) labeled cells per 60 basal cells after per 2.5 hr incubation. This rate was the same in wounded eyes, but was decreased in eyes treated with 5-FU. Thus, 5-FU (9 mg/day topically) has serious toxic effects to ocular surface epithelium which must be carefully considered if this drug is to be used clinically.

Animals↗