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Biomedical subjects

M S Rice

Publications and source records attributed to M S Rice.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Autologous responses to human leukaemic cells in mixed leucocyte culture.

Cryopreserved leukaemic blasts and remission non-T cells from 22 patients with acute leukaemia (15 lymphocytic, 7 non-lymphocytic) were tested as stimulators of autologous remission T cells and normal allogeneic T cells in primary and secondary MLC. In most cases the autologous response elicited by leukaemic cells was less than or equal to that elicited by remission non-T cells. However, T cells from 2 patients in long-standing first remission from ANLL displayed greater proliferation in response to leukaemic blasts than to remission non-T cells in both primary and secondary MLC. The results are suggestive of sensitization of these 2 patients to leukaemia-specific antigens, but other possible explanations are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1967

Effect of glucamylase on tissue glycogen and tissue glucamylase in the rat.

1. A fungal glucamylase (alpha-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) from Aspergillus niger depresses liver glycogen stores after intraperitoneal injection into the rat. The injected enzyme rapidly disappears (within about 8hr.) from the serum; less than 1% is excreted in the urine, but it is rapidly taken up in the liver, spleen, kidney, cardiac and skeletal muscle. Elevated glucamylase concentrations could be demonstrated in liver and spleen tissues for 1-4 days after injection, but in kidney, cardiac and skeletal muscle elevated glucamylase concentrations could be shown only for periods of less than 24hr. after injection of the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Appropriate roles of cardiac troponins in evaluating patients with chest pain.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction relies upon the clinical history, interpretation of the electrocardiogram, and measurement of serum levels of cardiac enzymes. Newer biochemical markers of myocardial injury, such as cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T, are now being used instead of or along with the standard markers, the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase. METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE literature search (1987 to 1997) using the key words "troponin I," "troponin T," and "acute myocardial infarction." We reviewed selected articles related to the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of these cardiac markers in evaluating patients with suspected myocardial infarction. RESULTS: We found that (1) troponin I is a better cardiac marker than CK-MB for myocardial infarction because it is equally sensitive yet more specific for myocardial injury; (2) troponin T is a relatively poorer cardiac marker than CK-MB because it is less sensitive and less specific for myocardial injury; and (3) both troponin I and troponin T may be used as independent prognosticators of future cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS: Troponin I is a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial injury and can be used to predict the likelihood of future cardiac events. It is not much more expensive to measure than CK-MB. Overall, troponin I is a better cardiac marker than CK-MB and should become the preferred cardiac enzyme when evaluating patients with suspected myocardial infarction.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived risk as a constraint on occupational performance during hot and cold water pouring.

OBJECTIVE: Occupational therapists are interested in quality of movement under different environmental conditions. It has been shown that during reaching tasks, the physical aspects of the objects to be grasped can influence the quality of movement. This study investigated whether perceived risk (water temperature) affected the quality of movement during a pouring task. METHOD: In a counterbalanced, repeated measures design, 56 participants (M = 27.1 years, SD = 7.4 years) poured hot, then cold water to prepare hot and cold beverages. Dependent variables included movement time, displacement, peak velocity, percentage of movement time to peak velocity, and movement units. Data were analyzed with paired t tests. RESULTS: Participant performance in displacement and movement time was significantly different when considering the entire pouring task for both the hot and the cold conditions (ps < .05). In addition, significant differences were found in the discrete movement "sub-portions" of the pouring task (ps < .05). CONCLUSION: Perceived risk is an element of meaning that the occupational therapist can consider in providing the person with just enough challenge to facilitate successful performance. By varying the amount of perceived risk in the occupational form, the therapist can help the person experience and develop the range of movement strategies required by everyday occupations. Future research is needed to corroborate these findings in simple and more complex occupations as well as to examine perceived risk in special populations.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-transfer effects in the upper extremity during an occupationally embedded exercise.

OBJECTIVE: Cross-transfer effects were investigated during an occupationally embedded task that involved learning a fine motor skill. Cross-transfer is a phenomenon that occurs when an untrained limb receives some of the same benefits in performance from unilateral training that the contralateral limb received. It was hypothesized that cross-transfer would occur after a unilateral training regime using an occupationally embedded task. METHOD: Forty-eight participants (mean age = 24.4 years) volunteered for this repeated-measures study. Participants were randomly assigned to a training or control group and were asked to complete a toy maze with their right and left hands for the pretest and posttest. Whereas participants in the control group did not train, participants in the training group completed a toy maze three times a day for 7 days with their left hands. All participants returned in 1 week to complete the posttest portion of the experiment. Dependent variables included movement time, movement units, force oscillations, and average force. RESULTS: Significant decreases in movement time and force oscillations were found for the untrained limbs (p < .0125) in the training group. No significant differences were found in movement units or average force. The improved movement time and force oscillations in the untrained limb provides evidence suggesting that cross-transfer occurred. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that with a population without impairments, cross-transfer can occur during an occupationally embedded task. This phenomenon may prove useful to the field of occupational therapy to rehabilitate immobilized extremities. Further research is needed to test this phenomenon with special populations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of contextual relevance on motor skill transfer.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether practicing a complex self-care occupation in a contextually relevant environment would enhance the learning and transfer of skill. METHOD: The design consisted of an acquisition phase, a rest period, and a transfer phase. Fifty-six women were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) a contextually relevant (CR) group that practiced tying a necktie knot onto a mannequin, (b) a non-contextually relevant (NCR) group that practiced tying the same type of knot with a rope onto a wooden pole, and (c) a control group that did not practice at all during the acquisition phase. Participants in all three groups tied a necktie onto themselves during the transfer phase. Dependent variables were movement time, movement units, and the quality of the necktie knot. RESULTS: No difference in the rate of performance change was found during the acquisition phase between the CR and NCR groups. The difference among the CR, NCR, and control groups' initial transfer phase performance was near significance for movement time and movement units. A significant difference in the rate of performance change was found among the three groups in movement time and movement units during the transfer phase but not in the quality of necktie knot measures. CONCLUSION: The degree of similarity during the acquisition of a dressing skill may influence the rate of performance improvement in a similar dressing skill during a transfer phase. Until further research has been established, generalization of these results to special populations should be done conservatively.

Adult↗