Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M S Micozzi

Publications and source records attributed to M S Micozzi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An overview of body weight of older persons, including the impact on mortality. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I--Epidemiologic Follow-up Study.

The authors studied distributions of body weight for height, change in body weight with age, and the relationship between body mass index and mortality among participants in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS) (n = 14,407), a cohort study based on an representative sample of the U.S. population. Percentiles of body weight for height according to age and sex are presented. Cross-sectional analyses of body weight suggest that mean body weight increases with age until late middle age, then plateaus and decreases for older aged persons. However, longitudinal analysis of change in weight with age shows that younger persons in the lower quintile at baseline tend to gain more than those in the higher quintile. Older persons in the higher quintile at baseline have the greatest average loss in weight. The relationship of body mass index to mortality is a U-shaped curve, with increased risks in the lowest and highest 15% of the distribution. Increased risk of mortality associated with the highest 15th percentile of the body mass index distribution, as well as the highest 15% of the joint distribution of body mass index and skinfold thickness, is statistically significant for white women. However, the risk diminishes when adjusted for the presence of disease and factors related to disease. More noteworthy is the fact that there is a statistically significant excess risk of mortality for both race and sex groups in the lowest 15% of the body mass index distribution after adjusting for smoking history, and presence of disease. Those in the lowest 15% of the joint body mass index and skinfold thickness distribution, were also at increased risk. Risk of mortality for both men and women who have lost 10% or more of their maximum lifetime weight within the last 10 years is statistically significant, even when controlling for current weight. This study has replicated previously reported relationships, while correcting for several methodological issues.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Carotenoid analyses of selected raw and cooked foods associated with a lower risk for cancer.

We examined the carotenoid content of selected foods consistently found to be associated with a lower risk for various epithelial cancers in epidemiologic studies. Both raw and cooked samples of green, leafy vegetables and yellow or orange vegetables were quantitatively examined by high-performance liquid chromatography for individual carotenoid content. The results indicated that fresh, green, leafy vegetables were moderately high in beta carotene (0.5-14.6 mg/100 g) and very high in oxygenated carotenoids or xanthophylls, primarily lutein and its stereoisomers (2.3-63.0 mg/100g) [corrected]. The fresh, yellow or orange vegetables examined were very high in beta carotene (16.0-120.5 mg/100 g) [corrected] but had no detectable nonhydrocarbon carotenoids. Cooking differentially reduced the lutein content compared with the beta carotene content in green, leafy vegetables. These analyses suggest that consumption of carotenoids in addition to beta carotene may be associated with a lower risk for cancer.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1990

Age variations in the relation of body mass indices to estimates of body fat and muscle mass.

In some chronic disease studies, distinctions have been made regarding the importance of body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor in younger versus older men and women. In order to determine the significance of these differences in BMI-disease associations, we determined the extent of age-dependent variations in the relation of BMIs to body composition in large probability samples of U.S. men and women from the First and Second U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I and II). BMIs are more highly correlated with estimates of body fat in younger than in older men and women, and with muscle mass in older than in younger adults. Caution should be exercised in interpreting the significance of BMI as a risk factor for chronic disease, particularly in comparison of age groups.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Plasma carotenoids in normal men after a single ingestion of vegetables or purified beta-carotene.

Changes in seven plasma carotenoids were measured in 30 men for 11 d after ingesting a single dose of pure beta-carotene or a high carotenoid vegetable. A controlled, low-carotenoid diet was fed in a crossover design. Maximum plasma concentrations of beta-carotene occurred 24-48 h after dosing with beta-carotene (12 or 30 mg) or carrots (270 g). A large intake of broccoli (600 g) or tomato juice (180 g) did not change any plasma carotenoids. We concluded that 1) normal subjects vary widely, three to fourfold, in efficiency of carotenoid absorption; 2) peak plasma response to beta-carotene in a capsule occurs at 24-48 h; 3) a large single intake of carrots produces a small increase in plasma beta-carotene but single intakes of broccoli or tomato juice do not change plasma carotenoids; and 4) plasma response to pure beta-carotene is greater than the response to a similar amount of beta-carotene in carrots.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Relation of body size and composition to clinical biochemical and hematologic indices in US men and women.

Small but significant variations in clinical biochemical indices may be of great biological significance. Earlier studies conducted on small, chronically ill, hospitalized, anemic, and/or malnourished population samples suggested associations between body size and composition and indices of iron metabolism, serum protein, and plasma cholesterol. We studied a large, nonhospitalized probability sample of women and men in the First US Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) to characterize these associations. Greater weight, stature, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, and lean body mass (LBM) are associated with higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total iron-binding capacity. LBM and body fat are weakly related to serum albumin concentrations in men and to serum total protein concentrations in women. Total cholesterol concentrations are directly associated with weight, body fat, and LBM and are more strongly associated with central than peripheral obesity. Constitutional factors may be important for clinical assessment and for interpretation of epidemiologic studies.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Bowel function and breast cancer in US women.

We studied bowel function in relation to 123 breast cancer cases among 7,702 women from the US NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Results suggest a slight increased risk of breast cancer for both decreased frequency of bowel movements (relative risk = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.8, 2.7) and firm stool consistency (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 3.2.) These observations are consistent with an hypothesized association between constipation and increased risk of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Body iron stores and the risk of cancer.

Because of evidence that increased body iron stores are associated with an increased risk of cancer, we examined iron status and cancer risk in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a survey of more than 14,000 adults begun in 1971, with follow-up between 1981 and 1984. Among 242 men in whom cancer developed, the mean total iron-binding capacity was significantly lower (61.4 vs. 62.9 mumol per liter; P = 0.01) and transferrin saturation was significantly higher (33.1 vs. 30.7 percent; P = 0.002) than among 3113 men who remained free of cancer. The risk of cancer in men in each quartile of transferrin-saturation level relative to the lowest quartile was 1.00, 1.01, 1.10, and 1.37 (P = 0.02 for trend). The serum albumin level was significantly lower in men in whom cancer developed than in those who remained cancer-free. Among women, those in whom cancer developed did not have significantly lower total iron-binding capacity or higher transferrin saturation than those who remained cancer-free. However, a post hoc examination of 5367 women (203 with cancer) yielded a relative risk of 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.9) associated with a very high transferrin saturation (greater than or equal to 36.8 percent, a value in the highest quartile among men); in 5228 women with at least six years of follow-up (149 with cancer), the relative risk associated with transferrin saturation above this level was 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that high body iron stores increase the risk of cancer in men. The possibility that a similar association exists in women requires further study.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Adult stature and risk of cancer.

We examined the relationship between adult stature and cancer incidence using data from the first U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its follow-up study. Among 12,554 participants 25-74 years old, 460 cancers occurred in men and 399 in women after an average follow-up period of approximately 10 years. The age-adjusted relative risk of cancer for the second (Q2) through fourth (Q4) quartiles of stature compared to the first quartile among men were significantly increased: 1.5, 1.4, and 1.4. After adjustment for race, cigarette smoking, income, and body mass index, the all-sites cancer relative risk increased slightly to 1.6, 1.5, and 1.6. For most cancer sites in men, and particularly colorectal cancer (relative risk = 2.1 for Q4), the lowest incidence was observed among those in the shortest quartile of stature. A weaker, positive association was evident among women, restricted primarily to cancer of the breast and colorectum (relative risk in Q4 = 2.1 and 1.6 for the two cancers, respectively). These findings indicate that short stature is associated with reduced risk of cancer, particularly in men, and suggest a role for nutrition early in life in human carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Carotenodermia in men with elevated carotenoid intake from foods and beta-carotene supplements.

We evaluated the relation between plasma levels of carotenoids and carotenodermia in 30 men receiving carotenoid supplementation for 42 d. Five subjects each were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups: 30 mg purified beta-carotene supplement, 12 mg beta-carotene supplement, 272 g cooked carrots, 300 g cooked broccoli, 180 g tomato juice, and placebo. Definite carotenodermia was observed only in the five subjects who took 30 mg of purified beta-carotene daily. Carotenodermia was first noted between 25 and 42 d after supplementation and persisted from 14 to greater than 42 d posttreatment and was observed only after plasma total carotenoid levels exceeded 4.0 mg/L. These observations may be useful to investigators planning clinical trials with beta-carotene and to clinicians assessing the significance of carotenodermia in men taking beta-carotene supplements or following diets high in carotenoid-containing foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A prospective study of the development of breast cancer in 16,692 women with benign breast disease.

The authors studied the relation between benign breast disease and subsequent breast cancer in 16,692 women with biopsy-diagnosed benign breast disease who had participated in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project throughout the United States. Women were classified into one of five benign breast disease categories: atypical hyperplasia, proliferative disease without atypia, nonproliferative disease, fibroadenoma, and other benign breast disease. A total of 485 incident cases of breast cancer were identified in the women from August 1973 to February 1986 after a median follow-up period of 8.3 years from the diagnosis of benign breast disease. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for benign breast disease types stratified by family history and calcification status. Relative risk (RR) estimates of breast cancer for women in the five benign breast disease categories, compared with the screened women who did not develop recognizable breast disease (normal subjects), were computed using the proportional hazards model. Results indicated that risk was associated with the degree of epithelial atypia. Over all age groups, women with nonproliferative disease, proliferative disease without atypia, and atypical hyperplasia displayed progressively increasing risks of 1.5, 1.9, and 3.0, respectively, compared with normal subjects, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) exceeding unity. Particularly high risk was seen among women under age 46 years with atypical hyperplasia (RR = 5.7, 95% CI 3.0-10.6). Women with fibroadenoma as the only indication of their benign breast disease had a relative risk of 1.7, with a lower 95% confidence limit of 1.0. No increased risk was seen for women with other benign breast disease. Positive family history (RR = 1.8) and calcification (RR = 1.2) significantly increased a woman's risk proportionately over the risk associated with each benign breast disease subtype. The authors conclude that the risk of developing breast cancer varies by category of benign breast disease and is directly related to the degree of epithelial atypia.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

Cross-cultural correlations of childhood growth and adult breast cancer.

International differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality, and studies on Japanese migrants to the United States, point to the importance of environmental factors, including diet and nutrition, in the etiology of breast cancer. Some studies have suggested that dietary patterns in early life are important to the long-term risk of breast cancer. Given that human growth is partially a function of early dietary intake, cross-cultural correlations between breast cancer rates and anthropometric variables measured at different times in childhood provide additional information about the association of early nutrition and cancer. In this study, the associations between food consumption and anthropometric variables, and childhood growth patterns (attained size at age) and adult breast cancer rates, were considered. Data from cross-sectional growth studies conducted during the years 1956-1971 on children aged 6-18 years were obtained for age-specific stature, sitting height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm and chest circumferences, and biacromial and biiliac diameters. National food consumption data were obtained from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and socioeconomic status indicators from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Cancer incidence data for the years 1972-1977 were obtained from regional cancer registries reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and mortality data for 1978 were obtained from national cancer registries around the world. Significant correlations were seen between national food consumption data and childhood growth (attained size at age); between cancer incidence and age-specific stature (r = 0.68), weight (r = 0.59), triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.78), and biacromial width (r = 0.84); and between mortality and age-specific stature (r = 0.77), weight (r = 0.75), and biacromial width (r = 0.78). In general, the correlation coefficients of the observed anthropometric variables with breast cancer increase with increasing age and become highly significant at ages 13-14 years, reflecting cumulative childhood nutritional intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Time-related factors in research on diet and cancer.

Time-related factors have been an integral aspect of laboratory and epidemiologic studies concerning the effects of diet on cancer. In this survey, we illustrate several ways in which consideration of time factors has furthered our understanding in this area. As one of the key dimensions in descriptive studies of secular trends and migrant populations, time factors suggest general associations between diet and cancer. The investigation of time-related parameters such as age, duration of dietary exposure, and time from exposure to cancer, lends greater specificity to the diet-cancer relationship. Both micro- and macro-nutrients are examined, as well as nutrition-mediated factors such as growth and anthropometry. Time-related issues relevant to the design of future observational and intervention studies of diet and cancer (i.e. critical etiologic periods, timing of dietary assessment, biological indicators, and secular trends) are also discussed.

Diet↗
PubMed1987

Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis of NHANES II.

Recent recommendations for increases in desirable body weights are based upon studies which did not consider the potential confounding effect of cigarette consumption on body weight. We investigated the relation between tobacco use and several anthropometric measurements in 12,103 men and women 19-74 years of age in the United States examined between 1976 and 1980 during the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Cigarette smokers weighed less (mean +/- standard error = 69.8 +/- 0.2 kg) and were leaner (body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) = 24.6 +/- 0.1) than nonsmokers (72.5 +/- 0.2 kg and 25.7 +/- 0.1, respectively), controlling for age and sex. Body leanness increased with the duration (but not intensity) of smoking. Ex-smokers were not heavier or fatter than nonsmokers, and these groups experienced similar weight gain after age 25 (approximately 6 kg in men, 9 kg in women), while current smokers gained substantially less weight (3.5 kg in men, 5.4 kg in women). Compared to nonsmokers, former and current smokers were also slightly taller. Most of these associations were evident in both sexes and all ages evaluated, and were not explained by differences in caloric intake, physical activity, illness, or socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that the increased mortality observed among lean individuals in previous studies may have been due to smoking rather than leanness per se, and that as a result, currently accepted desirable body weights may be overestimated.

Adult↗