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Biomedical subjects

M S Losowsky

Publications and source records attributed to M S Losowsky.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

LH pulsatility following acute ethanol ingestion in men.

Alcohol abuse leads to impotence, infertility and feminisation. Patients with chronic alcoholism have impaired hypothalamic-pituitary function, but the effect of acute alcohol intake on hypothalamic function is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of ethanol ingestion on the pulsatile release of LH. Eight healthy male volunteers, aged 24-36 years, were investigated on a control day and a study day. Blood was sampled every 15 min for 8 h. On the study day ethanol was ingested, 1.5 ml/kg as an initial dose with supplements to maintain mean levels at 110-140 mg%. LH was measured on each sample by specific radioimmunoassay. Testosterone was measured at 0, 90 and 360 min. Data were analysed for pulsatile release by visual inspection, iterative computerized analysis and for longer period secretion by spectral analysis. Pulsatile release of LH was shown for all subjects on both days. Ethanol increased median LH levels (4.8 vs 5.55), but not by a significant amount. LH pulse amplitude was increased by ethanol ingestion, 3.7 vs 5.4 IU/l; P less than 0.05. Spectral analysis demonstrated a release of LH with a wavelength of 240 min which was unchanged by ethanol administration. Testosterone levels were unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunoglobulin production by coeliac biopsies in organ culture.

The production of immunoglobulins by jejunal mucosa during organ culture has been studied. In 18 untreated coeliac patients the amounts of IgA, secretory IgA and IgM in the culture medium were higher than in those from 17 normal controls. The results in 15 treated coeliac patients did not differ from the control subjects. Mucosal biopsies from patients with serum IgA deficiency produced very little IgA, but large amounts of IgG and IgM. The addition of neither Frazer's gluten fraction III, nor alpha-gliadin to the culture system stimulated any additional increased secretion of immunoglobulins from the untreated coeliac patients. Production of IgA and IgM by the small bowel mucosa continues during organ culture, but that of IgG appears insignificant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Systemic and local antibody responses to gastric Campylobacter pyloridis in non-ulcer dyspepsia.

Antibody titres to Campylobacter pyloridis in serum and gastric juice were estimated by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to whole organisms obtained from bacterial culture in 39 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Whereas 20 of the 21 patients with chronic gastritis had gastric C pyloridis, 17 patients with no C pyloridis had normal histology in the gastric antrum and body. Significantly raised serum IgG and IgA antibody titres to C pyloridis were found in colonised patients with gastritis. Patients with raised IgG antibody to C pyloridis were also shown to have significantly raised titres to other Campylobacter species, suggesting antigenic cross reactivity. Gastric juice antibodies were also studied and IgA titres to C pyloridis were detected in a proportion of patients with gastritis, together with low levels of IgM, but no IgG.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Development of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell surface antigens in sera of patients with cystic fibrosis.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure free serum IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis was developed. Seven strains of P aeruginosa cells, treated with glutaraldehyde and representing the most commonly isolated serotypes in our cystic fibrosis unit, were used. The specificity of the test was confirmed by the absence of cross reacting antibodies to other Gram negative bacteria. The results showed differences in the titres of antibodies at different stages of P aeruginosa infection. Because of its reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity these preliminary results suggest that this test may be of value in monitoring the progress of P aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hereditary pancreatitis presenting with ascites.

We report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with painless massive ascites secondary to chronic pancreatitis and a ductal fistula. The diagnosis was delayed and an unnecessary laparotomy was performed, as initial evaluation of ascites did not include measurement of serum and ascitic amylase. Evidence of pancreatic abnormalities in asymptomatic relatives suggested an underlying hereditary pancreatitis. Hereditary pancreatitis presenting as pancreatic ascites, to our knowledge, has not been described previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as fulminant hepatic failure in a young woman.

A 29 year old Caucasian female, with no history of chronic liver disease, presented with fulminant hepatic failure, the cause of which was not established until post-mortem when it was found that she had a rare form of hepatocellular carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the only detailed report of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting in this manner.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Identification of the classical androgen receptor in male rat liver.

Male rat liver contains components in both cytosol and nucleosol which bind the synthetic testosterone derivative, mibolerone, with a high affinity, low capacity and a high specificity for androgens. Gel filtration chromatography shows two binding components. A high molecular weight component (M.Wt 230,000) present in cytosol alone and a low molecular weight component (M.Wt 60,000) present in cytosol and nucleosol. Male rat liver contains the classical androgen receptor.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Secretion of gliadin antibody by coeliac jejunal mucosal biopsies cultured in vitro.

The role of gliadin antibodies in coeliac disease is unknown. We have investigated this by maintaining jejunal biopsies from control subjects, treated and untreated coeliac patients in organ culture for 24 h. The tissue culture supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for total IgG, IgM and IgA, anti-gliadin and casein antibodies. Jejunal biopsies from untreated coeliac patients secreted more total IgM and IgA but not IgG, than biopsies from control subjects: values for treated coeliac patients were similar to those from control subjects. There was increased secretion of IgG and IgM gliadin antibody, but not casein antibody, by jejunal biopsies from untreated coeliac patients compared with those from control subjects.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1986

The distribution of gluten-sensitive lymphocytes in coeliac patients--is it related to dietary gluten?

Cell-mediated immunity to gluten within the peripheral blood and jejunal mucosa of the same coeliac patients was measured simultaneously using migration inhibition tests. There was an inverse correlation in migration indices indicating that as cell-mediated immunity became more detectable in the peripheral blood, it was less so in the jejunal mucosa and vice versa. There was virtually no relationship, however, between this correlation and the gluten content of the diet in these coeliac patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Use of a new radioactive ligand, 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl[17 alpha-methyl 3H]19-nortestosterone for the estimation of androgen receptors in rat liver cytosol.

The use of the testosterone derivative, 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl[17 alpha-methyl 3H] 19-nortestosterone for the estimation of cytosolic androgen receptors in male rat liver is described. Use of this compound demonstrates binding which has a similar dissociation constant, maximum binding and steroid specificity to that seen with other synthetic testosterone derivatives. In contrast to previous data significant binding to the progesterone receptor also occurs and future studies with this ligand should employ triamcinolone acetonide to block such binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Plasma concentrations of sex hormones in postmenopausal women in non-alcoholic cirrhosis.

Sex hormone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured in the plasma of postmenopausal women with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 24) and compared with levels in matched controls (n = 21). Plasma oestradiol was elevated: 80 vs 30 pmol/l, P less than 0.005 (median values). Plasma SHBG was elevated, 15 vs 10 mg/dl, P less than 0.001. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels were low, 0.35 vs 2.0 mumol/l, P less than 0.0005, as were plasma androstenedione levels, 2.5 vs 4.5 nmol/l, P less than 0.05. There was no significant difference in plasma testosterone. These data suggest that liver disease per se alters sex hormone and sex hormone binding globulin levels in postmenopausal women.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Identification and characterization of the human hepatic androgen receptor.

Human liver contains components in both cytosol and nucleosol which bind the synthetic testosterone derivative, mibolerone, with a high affinity, moderate capacity and a high specificity for androgens. Gel filtration chromatography shows two binding components, a high molecular weight component (mol wt. 250 000) present in cytosol alone and a low molecular weight component (mol wt. 75 000) present in cytosol and nucleosol. Human liver contains the classical androgen receptor.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1985

The influence of long-term cimetidine as an adjuvant to pancreatic enzyme therapy in cystic fibrosis.

Seventeen patients on constant doses of pancreatic enzymes were randomised to receive either cimetidine or placebo for either of two successive six month periods. Nutritional state and maldigestion were assessed at the beginning and end of each period. Reductions in mean values of faecal fat, nitrogen, wet weight, and bile salts of approximately 30% were found on cimetidine therapy. Results showed considerable variation and only the fall in faecal fat was statistically significant. No benefit was demonstrated for height, weight, skinfold thickness, albumin, vitamin A, bone age or Crispin-Norman score.

Adolescent↗