Biomedical subjects

M S Linet

Publications and source records attributed to M S Linet.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China. Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine--National Cancer Institute Benzene Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Benzene is a widely distributed environmental contaminant known to cause leukemia, particularly acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and perhaps other hematologic neoplasms and disorders. Few epidemiologic studies, however, have been able to address relationships between the extent of benzene exposure and the level of risk. PURPOSE: A large cohort study was carried out in China to evaluate the risks of developing specific hematologic neoplasms and selected related disorders in relationship to quantitative estimates of occupational benzene exposure. METHODS: A cohort of 74828 benzene-exposed and 35805 unexposed workers employed from 1972 through 1987 in 12 cities in China was identified and followed to determine the incidence of hematologic neoplasms and related disorders. Estimates of benzene exposure were derived from work histories and available historic benzene measurements. Existing pathologic material and supporting medical records were reviewed to establish diagnoses of disease. Relative risks (RRs) (i.e., ratios of incidence rates for specific hematologic neoplasms and related disorders in the benzene-exposed group to incidence rates in the unexposed group) were determined by use of Poisson regression analysis, with stratification by age and sex. RESULTS: For workers historically exposed to benzene at average levels of less than 10 parts per million (ppm), the RR for all hematologic neoplasm combined was 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.2), and, for the combination of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and related myelodysplastic syndromes, the RR was 3.2 (95% CI = 1.0-10.1). For individuals who were occupationally exposed to benzene at constant levels of 25 ppm or more, the RR for the combination of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and related myelodysplastic syndromes was 7.1 (95% CI = 2.1-23.7). Workers with 10 or more years of benzene exposure had an RR of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of 4.2 (95% CI = 1.1-15.9), and the development of this neoplasm was linked most strongly to exposure that had occurred at least 10 years before diagnosis (i.e., distant exposure) (P for trend = .005, two-sided). In contrast, the risk for the combination of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and related myelodysplastic syndromes was significantly increased among those with more recent benzene exposure (P for trend = .003, two-sided), but it was not linked to distant exposure (P for trend = .51, two-sided). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that benzene exposure is associated with a spectrum of hematologic neoplasms and related disorders in humans. Risks for these conditions are elevated at average benzene-exposure levels of less than 10 ppm and show a tendency, although not a strong one, to rise with increasing levels of exposure. The temporal pattern of benzene exposure appears to be important in determining the risk of developing specific diseases.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1997

Residential exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies found associations between childhood leukemia and surrogate indicators of exposure to magnetic fields (the power-line classification since known as "wire coding"), but not between childhood leukemia and measurements of 60-Hz residential magnetic fields. METHODS: We enrolled 638 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were under 15 years of age and were registered with the Children's Cancer Group and 620 controls in a study of residential exposure to magnetic fields generated by nearby power lines. In the subjects' current and former homes, data collectors measured magnetic fields for 24 hours in the child's bedroom and for 30 seconds in three or four other rooms and outside the front door. A computer algorithm assigned wire-code categories; based on the distance and configuration of nearby power lines, to the subjects' main residences (for 416 case patients and 416 controls) and to those where the family had lived during the mother's pregnancy with the subject (for 230 case patients and 230 controls). RESULTS: The risk of childhood ALL was not linked to summary time-weighted average residential magnetic-field levels, categorized according to a priori criteria. The odds ratio for ALL was 1.24 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.79) at exposures of 0.200 mu T or greater as compared with less than 0.065 mu T. The risk of ALL was not increased among children whose main residences were in the highest wire-code category (odds ratio as compared with the lowest category, 0.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.63). Furthermore, the risk was not significantly associated with either residential magnetic-field levels or the wire codes of the homes mothers resided in when pregnant with the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide little evidence that living in homes characterized by high measured time-weighted average magnetic-field levels or by the highest wire-code category increases the risk of ALL in children.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1997

Paternal cigarette smoking and the risk of childhood cancer among offspring of nonsmoking mothers.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has been shown to increase oxidative DNA damage in human sperm cells. Assessment of the role of cigarette smoking in the etiology of childhood cancer has focused primarily on the effect of maternal smoking. Similar studies in relation to paternal smoking, however, have been inconclusive. Few studies have evaluated the effect of paternal smoking in the preconception period, and most of these could not disentangle the effects of paternal from maternal smoking. PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship of paternal smoking, particularly in the preconception period, with childhood cancer among offspring of the nonsmoking mothers. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, case-control study in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, where the prevalence of smoking is high among men but extremely low among women. The study included 642 childhood cancer case patients (<15 years of age) and their individually matched control subjects. Information concerning parental smoking, alcohol drinking, and other exposures of the index child was obtained by direct interview of both parents of the study subjects. Odds ratios (ORs), derived from conditional logistic regression models, were used to measure the association between paternal smoking and risk of childhood cancers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Paternal preconception smoking was related to a significantly elevated risk of childhood cancers, particularly acute leukemia and lymphoma. The risks rose with increasing pack-years of paternal preconception smoking for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (P for trend = .01), lymphoma (P for trend = .07), and total cancer (P for trend = .006). Compared with children whose fathers had never smoked cigarettes, children whose fathers smoked more than five pack-years prior to their conception had adjusted ORs of 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-12.3) for ALL, 4.5 (95% CI = 1.2-16.8) for lymphoma, 2.7 (95% CI = 0.8-9.9) for brain tumors, and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.2-2.5) for all cancers combined. Statistically significant increased risks of cancer were restricted to children under the age of 5 years at diagnosis or those whose fathers had smoked during all of the 5 years prior to conception. IMPLICATIONS: Further studies are needed to confirm the association of paternal smoking with increased risk of cancer in offspring, to clarify the pattern of risks in relation to the timing of cigarette smoking, and to elucidate the biologic mechanism involved in predisposing the offspring to cancer. For example, it may be that paternal smoking induces prezygotic genetic damage that, in turn, acts as the predisposing factor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Possible relation between hypertension and cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter.

To evaluate the relationship of selected medical conditions and medications with cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter, we interviewed 308 subjects with renal pelvis cancer, 194 subjects with ureter cancer and 496 control subjects in 3 areas of the United States. After controlling for the effects of smoking, age, gender and geographic residence, a history of hypertension (reported to have been diagnosed more than 5 years before interview) was associated with a small but significantly increased risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.8), whereas no relationship was observed with a variety of other medical conditions or medications. Stratified analysis showed that the risk associated with hypertension was twice as high among users of diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9) as it was among those who never used these medications (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.7). Our findings suggest that the association previously reported between hypertension and renal cell cancer may extend to cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and other cancers among a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or other malignant neoplasms. METHODS: Data on a cohort of 1,585 patients with SLE from the nationwide Danish Hospital Discharge Register were linked to information in the Danish Cancer Registry to determine the occurrence of cancer during up to 15 years of followup. The expected number of cancers was calculated from accumulated person-years and national cancer incidence rates. RESULTS: There was a significant excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among the SLE patients, based on 8 cases observed against 1.5 expected (relative risk [RR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval 2.2-10.3). In addition, a significantly increased RR was found for cancer of the lung (RR 1.9; n = 15), the liver (RR 8.0; n = 5), and the vagina/vulva (RR 5.7; n = 3). CONCLUSION: There seemed to be a positive association between SLE and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Other cancers with a possible virus-related etiology, such as liver and vaginal/vulva cancer, were also observed in excess. In addition, there was an indication of an increased risk of lung cancer among patients who were hospitalized for SLE.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Magnetic field exposure assessment in a case-control study of childhood leukemia.

Epidemiologic evaluation of the relation between magnetic field exposures and cancer depends critically on study design, particularly the methods used for exposure assessment. We incorporated a complex magnetic field exposure assessment protocol into a large incident case-control study of childhood leukemia. We measured residential magnetic fields using a standard protocol in current and former homes of 638 cases and 620 controls and determined wire codes for 414 case-control pairs. We chose a time-weighted average of magnetic field measurements in each eligible home, weighted by the time the subject lived in each home as the main exposure metric for each subject. We found that 24-hour bedroom magnetic field measurements adequately characterize children's residential exposure and that measuring other rooms contributes only slightly to the estimate of average residential exposure to magnetic fields. Front door measured fields provide useful exposure information when interior measurements are missing. If feasible, measuring multiple homes in which the subject has resided is preferable to measuring a single home. A similar distribution of wire codes for controls agreeing or refusing to participate in our study implies that risk estimates derived from wire code data will not be influenced by response bias.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Cancer risk and mortality patterns among silicotic men in Sweden and Denmark.

Data from nationwide registry-based cohorts of patients hospitalized for silicosis in Sweden from 1965 to 1983 and Denmark from 1977 to 1989 were linked to national cancer registries in both countries and to mortality data in Sweden to evaluate the risk of cancer and other disorders among hospitalized silicotic patients. The overall cancer standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 1.7) in Sweden and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3) in Denmark, primarily because of elevations in primary lung cancer in both Sweden (SIR, 3.1; CI, 2.1 to 4.2) and Denmark (SIR, 2.9; CI, 1.5 to 5.2). For Sweden, the all-causes standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2). The SMR for all malignancies was 1.5 (1.2 to 1.7), primarily because of excesses of lung cancer (SMR, 2.9; CI, 2.1 to 3.9). The significant increase in mortality for all infectious and parasitic conditions (SMR, 11.2) was primarily due to tuberculosis (SMR, 21.8). Significant excesses in mortality from silicosis (SMR, 523), bronchitis (SMR, 2.6) and emphysema (SMR, 6.7) contributed to the elevation in nonmalignant respiratory deaths (SMR, 8.8), whereas excess mortality from musculoskeletal disorders (SMR, 5.9) was due to six deaths from autoimmune diseases. Despite limitations of the available data, our findings are consistent with previous reports indicating that silicotic patients are at elevated risk of lung cancer, nonmalignant respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, and certain autoimmune disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Excess risk of primary liver cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus, alcohol consumption, and cirrhosis of the liver are recognized risk factors for primary liver cancer. A few, but not all, studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus also increases risk for this cancer. PURPOSE: We conducted a population-based cohort study to analyze the risk of developing primary liver cancer and biliary tract (gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater) cancers among patients with diabetes. METHODS: A cohort of 153 852 patients with a hospital discharge diagnosis of diabetes in the period from 1965 through 1983 was identified by use of the Swedish In-patient Register. Follow-up for these patients extended from the date of cohort entry through December 31, 1989. Incident cases of cancer during follow-up were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry. To minimize the impact of selection bias, we excluded from the analysis patients who were diagnosed with liver and biliary tract cancers during the first year of follow-up. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by use of nationwide rates of liver and biliary tract cancers, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year, for comparison. RESULTS: During 1-24 years of follow-up, 819 incident cancers in the combined category of primary liver (n = 533) and biliary tract (n = 286) were identified in the cohort, yielding an overall SIR of 2.5 (95% CI = 2.3-2.6). The risk was higher in men (SIR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.9-3.6) than in women (SIR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.8-2.2). The incidence of primary liver cancer alone was increased fourfold (SIR = 4.1; 95% CI = 3.8-4.5); again, the risk was higher in men (SIR = 4.7; 95% CI = 4.2-5.2) than in women (SIR = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.9-3.9). Smaller increases in risk were seen for cancers of the gallbladder, the extrahepatic bile ducts, and the ampulla of Vater. After exclusion of diabetic patients with concomitant diseases that predispose to primary liver cancer, such as alcoholism, cirrhosis, and hepatitis, the persistence of an approximately threefold excess risk was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing primary liver cancer and perhaps cancers of the biliary tract. The mechanisms involved in the association of diabetes and liver cancer remain to be clarified. Additional studies are needed to determine whether patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus differ in their risk for primary liver cancer or whether the risk is affected by the type of diabetes treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Risk of cancer following splenectomy.

Only 2 small population-based studies have previously evaluated cancer risk in splenectomized patients. Our objective was thus to investigate cancer incidence following splenectomy for external trauma or for surgical treatment of non-malignant conditions of adjacent organs. Using the unique personal identification number assigned to each Swedish resident, we linked centralized hospitalization records with nationwide total population and cancer incidence data. We excluded cancers diagnosed within the first 12 months after splenectomy and computed standardized incidence ratios for 1,295 patients (contributing 14,390 person-years) splenectormized for external trauma and for 985 patients (contributing 8,91 1 person-years) whose splenectomy accompanied surgical treatment of non-malignant conditions of adjacent organs (mostly peptic ulcers), using age-, sex- and period-specific rates for cancer incidence derived from the entire Swedish population. Patients undergoing splenectomy for external trauma had no significant excess of total or site-specific cancers. Individuals splenectormized in conjunction with surgery for non-malignant conditions of adjacent organs had a non-significant 40% elevated risk of total cancer, with significant increases of lung and ovarian cancers. The excesses of lung and ovarian cancers may be due to chance, but we could not exclude the conditions for which the surgery was performed, other treatments or common predisposing factors (such as cigarette smoking, which has been linked with both peptic ulcer and lung cancer).

Adult↗

PubMed1996

A cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China: overall results.

A large cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China were followed to determine mortality from all causes and the incidence of lymphohematopoietic malignancies and other hematologic disorders. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations, including painting, printing, and the manufacture of footwear, paint, and other chemicals. All-cause mortality was similar in the benzene-exposed and unexposed comparison group. Statistically significant excess deaths were noted among benzene-exposed subjects for leukemia (RR = 2.3, 95% CP 1.1-5.0), malignant lymphoma (RR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-28.4), and nonneoplastic diseases of the blood (RR = 95% CP 2.5-infinity), and a marginally significant excess was noted for lung cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0). Risk was significantly elevated for the incidence of all lymphohematopoietic malignancies (RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0), malignant lymphoma (RR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2-14.9), and leukemia (RR = 2.6, 95% CI.. 1.3-5.7). Among the leukemia subtypes, only acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) incidence was significantly elevated (RR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2-10.7), although nonsignificant excesses were also noted for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 0.7-16.9) and lymphocytic leukemias (RR = 2.8, 95% CI.. 0.5-54.5). Significant excesses were found for aplastic anemia (RR = infinity, 95% CI: 2.2-co) and myelodysplastic syndrome (RR = infinity, 95% CI: 1.7-infinity). Employment in benzene-associated occupations in China is associated with a wide spectrum of myelogenous and lymphocytic malignant diseases and related disorders. Investigations continue to assess the nature of these associations.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Maternal and perinatal risk factors for childhood brain tumors (Sweden).

Childhood brain tumors (CBT) include a diversity of rare neoplasms of largely unknown etiology. To assess possible maternal and perinatal risk factors for CBT according to subtype, we carried out a nested (within Swedish birth-cohorts, 1973-89) case-control study, utilizing data from the nationwide Birth Registry. We ascertained incident brain tumor cases through linkage of the nationwide Birth and Cancer Registries and randomly selected five living controls from the former, matching each case on gender and birthdate. There were 570 CBT cases, including 205 low grade astrocytomas, 58 high grade astrocytomas, 93 medulloblastomas, 54 ependymomas, and 160 'others.' Risks for all brain tumors combined were elevated in relation to: (i) three maternal exposures-oral contraceptives prior to conception (odds ratios [OR] = 1.6, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.8), use of narcotics (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.0-1.6), or penthrane (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.1-2.0) during delivery); (ii) characteristics of neonatal distress (a combined variable including low one-minute Apgar score, asphyxia [OR = 1.5, CI = 1.1-2.0]) or treatments for neonatal distress (use of supplemental oxygen, ventilated on mask, use of incubator, scalp vein infusion, feeding with a jejunal tube [OR = 1.6, CI = 0.9-2.6]); and (iii) neonatal infections (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.5-4.0). Higher subtype-specific risks, observed for a few risk factors, did not differ significantly from the risk estimates for all subtypes combined for the corresponding risk factors. Childhood brain tumors were not associated significantly with other maternal reproductive, lifestyle, or disease factors; perinatal pain, anesthetic medications, birth-related complications; or with birthweight, birth defects, or early neonatal diseases. These findings suggest several new leads, but only weak evidence of brain tumor subtype-specific differences.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗

PubMed1996

Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer risk.

The aim of this study was to examine the cancer pattern in a large group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A follow-up study of cancer incidence in RA was conducted within a cohort of 20,699 patients recorded in the Danish Hospital Discharge Register during 1977-1987 by linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry through 1991. There were consistent excesses of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease in both sexes and during both early and late periods of follow-up. Risks for lung cancer and non-melanoma skin cancer were also increased, with no predilection for any specific histological subtype, while risks for colorectal cancer and female breast cancer were reduced. The cancer pattern seen among Danish RA patients largely supports findings from two earlier Nordic investigations. Thus, there seem to be consistent positive associations between RA and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and lung cancer and a consistent negative association with colorectal cancer.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Causes of death among patients surviving at least one year following splenectomy.

BACKGROUND: To assess the mortality (mostly long-term sequelae) of patients undergoing splenectomy, we carried out a population-based study in Sweden. METHODS: Using the unique personal identification number assigned to each Swedish resident, we linked centralized hospitalization records with nationwide mortality data. After initially assessing risks within the first 12 months after splenectomy, we excluded deaths during the first year and computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for 1,297 patients splenectomized for external trauma and 991 surgically treated for nonmalignant conditions of adjacent organs who were alive at 12 months following surgery. The general Swedish population was used as the comparison. RESULTS: Both men and women undergoing splenectomy for external trauma had a 1.6-fold (SMR = 1.6) significantly elevated mortality risk, due mainly to circulatory diseases (particularly thromboembolism), alcoholism, digestive disorders, and external causes. Men also had a 28-fold increased mortality from septicemia and an excess of liver cirrhosis (mostly alcohol-related). Patients of both genders splenectomized for nonmalignant conditions had small but significantly elevated mortality overall (SMR = 1.4 to 1.5) reflecting excess risks for malignancies, diseases of blood-forming organs, external causes, and circulatory, respiratory, and digestive disorders. In addition, men had increased mortality from thromboembolism and pneumonia while women experienced elevated risks from septicemia. CONCLUSION: The excess mortality resulted from functional postsplenectomy defects (including sepsis and thromboembolism), behaviors increasing risk of traumatic splenic injury (eg, alcoholism), damage to other organs from the external trauma (eg, traumatic injury to the central nervous system/spinal cord), or the same or recurrent nonmalignant conditions for which surgery was performed (eg, gastric and duodenal ulcers).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Pernicious anaemia and cancer risk in Denmark.

A cohort of 5072 patients with pernicious anaemia was identified in the Danish Hospital Discharge Register from 1977 to 1989 and, through linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry, the occurrence of cancer in the cohort was determined up to 1991. Observed numbers of cancer cases during 1-15 years of follow-up were compared with expected numbers based on national incidence rates. Besides the well-established increased risk for stomach cancer, the analysis also revealed a 2-fold increase in the relative risk for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx among pernicious anaemia patients in accordance with previous studies; previously reported elevated risks for other digestive tract cancers were not confirmed. There was a non-significantly increased risk for lymphatic and haematological malignancy but the risk tended to disappear after 5 years of follow-up, indicating a possible selection bias. Decreased risks for cervical cancer and non-melanoma skin cancer were also seen.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia associated with common medications.

We utilized data from two Kaiser Permanente medical care programs to evaluate risks of hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative (HLP) malignancies after use of 14 common medications. The subjects were adult cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (N = 94), multiple myeloma (N = 159), and leukemia (N = 257) and individually matched controls (N = 695). Abstractors reviewed medical records and recorded medication notations. Using a minimum 5-year exposure lag between first notation and malignancy diagnosis, the risk of NHL was greater among plan members who were prescribed amphetamines [odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4.8], lidocaine (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.2-5.5), and meprobamate (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.03-4.3). The risk of NHL rose with increasing number of medical record notations for amphetamines; however, there was no association with number of notations for lidocaine or meprobamate. The odds ratio for total leukemia was decreased among patients who took chloramphenicol (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.97).

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Childhood exposure to magnetic fields: residential area measurements compared to personal dosimetry.

We examined the relation between area measurements of residential magnetic fields and personal dosimetry measurements among 64 control children age 2-14 years from the National Cancer Institute-Children's Cancer Group's nine-state case-control study of childhood leukemia. During a typical weekday, an activity diary was completed, and a 24-hour measurement was obtained in each child's bedroom. According to the activity diaries, children spent more than 40% of the 24 hours in their bedrooms, and 68% of their time at home. We found that at-home personal dosimetry levels were highly correlated with total personal dosimetry levels in children under 9 years (Spearman correlation coefficient, R = 0.94), whereas the correlation was lower in older children (R = 0.59). For all children combined, bedroom 24-hour measurements correlated well with at-home personal dosimetry levels (R = 0.76). The 24-hour bedroom measurement was a useful predictor of both at-home and total personal dosimetry measurements. Particularly for younger children, our data suggest that in-home area measurements predict both current residential and current total magnetic field exposures. This information will be valuable for assessing the validity of exposure assessment in previous and ongoing studies and for developing measurement protocols for future studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.

An expanded cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers were followed during 1972 to 1987, based on a previous study in 12 cities in China. A small increase was observed in total cancer mortality among benzene-exposed compared with unexposed workers (relative risk [RR] = 1.2). Statistically significant excesses were noted for leukemia (RR = 2.3), malignant lymphoma (RR = 4.5), and lung cancer (RR = 1.4). When risks were evaluated by leukemia subtype, only acute myelogenous leukemia was significantly elevated (RR = 3.1), although nonsignificant excesses were also noted for chronic myelogenous leukemia (RR = 2.6) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (RR = 2.3). A significant excess was also found for aplastic anemia.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

PubMed1996

Mortality among benzene-exposed workers in China.

A large cohort of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 nonexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China was followed to determine mortality from all causes. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations including coating applications, and rubber, chemical, and shoe production. Mortality was slightly increased among workers with greater cumulative exposure to benzene (ptrend < 0.05), but this excess was largely due to cancer deaths (ptrend < 0.01). Deaths due to lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies (ptrend = 0.01) and lung cancer (ptrend = 0.01) increased with increasing cumulative exposure to benzene. Investigations continue to relate benzene exposure to specific lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies and other causes of death.

Benzene↗