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Biomedical subjects

M S Leib

Publications and source records attributed to M S Leib.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Circumcostal gastropexy for preventing recurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus in the dog: an evaluation of 30 cases.

Follow-up evaluation (mean, 13.7 months) was obtained in 30 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus that were surgically treated with circumcostal gastropexy. Evaluation was performed by questionnaire (29 dogs), radiographic contrast studies (23 dogs), and necropsy (6 dogs). The gastropexy was thought to be intact in all 23 dogs examined radiographically. Necropsy of 6 dogs dying from causes unrelated to gastric dilatation-volvulus (mean of 12.7 months after surgery) revealed an intact gastropexy site in each dog. Only 1 (3.3%) dog had clinical recurrence of gastric dilatation after surgery. Five additional dogs dying postoperatively were necropsied and had intact gastropexy sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gastric emptying of liquids in the dog: serial test meal and modified emptying-time techniques.

A serial test meal technique was used in the dog to evaluate the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal. On separate days, a phenol red test meal was placed in the stomach and completely aspirated at different times. A composite representation of the gastric emptying pattern was obtained for each dog, and a set of normative data was generated. Three emptying determinants (emptying time, half-life, and starting index) were calculated. The basic pattern of canine gastric emptying was linear and declined exponentially or as a function of the square root of the gastric volume. A modified emptying-time technique (METT) correlated well with the serial test meal and a set of normative values was determined. The METT was performed by aspirating test meal from the stomach 30 minutes after instillation. The METT was a simple and inexpensive technique that could be performed in 1 short testing period. With the METT, the half-life of gastric emptying was calculated, using the log of the percentage of retention of test meal; gastric emptying time was calculated, using the square root of the percentage of retention of test meal. Acetylpromazine was shown not to alter gastric emptying of a liquid test meal.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Gastric distention and gastrin in the dog.

Gastric distention was induced in intact dogs by giving a wide range of volumes (11 to 111 ml/kg) of a liquid test meal resulting in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in plasma gastrin immunoreactivity at 10 and 25 minutes after distention. There was no significant decrease in gastrin immunoreactivity from 10 to 25 minutes of gastric distention. Pretreatment with atropine abolished the distention-induced gastrin release, indicating that distention-induced gastrin release in the intact dog was partially under cholinergic control. There was no relationship between the distending volume and magnitude of gastrin increase.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1984

Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was measured by radioimmunoassay in 45 dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) were found in dogs with acute GDV and in the fasted state after surgical treatment and recovery. The data suggested that dogs that have had GDV may have preexisting high plasma gastrin immunoreactivity. In dogs with acute GDV, plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was not found to be helpful in formulating prognosis. Circumcostal gastropexy did not affect plasma gastrin immunoreactivity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Propylthiouracil-associated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and antinuclear antibodies in cats with hyperthyroidism.

Nine of 105 cats with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil developed a serious immune-mediated drug reaction during treatment. Adverse clinical signs, which developed after 19 to 37 days (mean, 24.8 days) of propylthiouracil administration, included lethargy, weakness, anorexia, and bleeding diathesis. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, and petechial hemorrhages of the skin and oral cavity. Results of hematologic testing revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. The direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test was positive in all 7 cats evaluated, whereas the serum antinuclear antibody titer was greater than or equal to 1:10 in 5 of the 8 cats tested. In 4 of the cats, treatment included appropriate supportive therapy and cessation of propylthiouracil; in these cats, anemia and thrombocytopenia resolved and Coombs' and antinuclear antibody tests became negative within 2 weeks.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1982

Acid-base and electrolyte values in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Twenty dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and 37 clinically normal dogs had arterial blood drawn for analysis of pH and blood gases. There was no statistically significant difference between values from the 2 groups. By calculation of the anion gap and by assessing arterial bicarbonate concentration, it appeared there were concomitant and offsetting factors, resulting in normal values for pH, blood gases, and anion gap in dogs with GDV. The results obtained indicated that sodium bicarbonate therapy should not be used in dogs with GDV.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic diagnosis of chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy in dogs.

The endoscopic appearance of chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy (CHPG) in five dogs is described. Several patterns of enlarged mucosal folds that surrounded and obstructed the pyloric canal were observed. Initially, endoscopically obtained biopsy samples of mucosa were judged to be histologically normal. Diagnosis of CHPG was confirmed and relief of pyloric obstruction accomplished at exploratory laparotomy (in four dogs). Retrospective evaluation of pyloric tissue samples, obtained during endoscopy, identified subtle histological characteristics of CHPG. Gastric and duodenal neoplasia or antral polyps can mimic the endoscopic appearance of CHPG but can be differentiated based on their endoscopic and histological appearance. These cases show that endoscopic examination is a valuable procedure for the diagnosis of CHPG in dogs that chronically vomit.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of misoprostol on aspirin-induced gastroduodenal lesions in dogs.

Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, is effective in treating and preventing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)--induced gastrointestinal lesions in humans. The effectiveness of misoprostol in preventing aspirin-induced gastroduodenal injury was studied in 3 groups of 6 adult mixed breed dogs. Group I received 3 micrograms/kg misoprostol PO tid. Group II received 3 micrograms/kg misoprostol PO tid and 35 mg/kg aspirin PO tid. Group III received 35 mg/kg aspirin PO tid. Endoscopy was performed on days 0, 5, 14, and 30. Five regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract were qualitatively scored from 1 to 12 based on the presence of submucosal hemorrhage, erosion, or ulceration, with ulceration receiving a higher numerical score than submucosal hemorrhage. A total score was assigned based on the sum of the scores from all regions. Comparisons among groups on each day were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences within a group among different time periods were determined using appropriate multiple comparisons. Significant difference in mean gastroduodenal lesion score was found among all groups at 5, 14, and 30 days. Mean total score on days 5, 14, and 30 were as follows: group I, 5.0, 5.2, 9.0; group II, 12.0, 12.7, 16.2; and group III, 26.0, 23.8, 21.5, respectively. Significant differences within a group among different time periods were found from days 0 to 5 in groups I and II, and from days 14 to 30 in group I. It was concluded that misoprostol effectively decreased endoscopically detectable mucosal lesions in dogs given aspirin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic aspiration of intestinal contents in dogs and cats: 394 cases.

Medical records from 394 dogs and cats that had endoscopic aspiration of intestinal contents for identification of Giardia sp. trophozoites were retrospectively reviewed. The most common indications for endoscopy were chronic vomiting (152), chronic diarrhea (108), chronic vomiting and diarrhea (58), and acute vomiting (33). Metronidazole had been previously administered to 111 animals (28.2%), and to 58.6% of those with chronic diarrhea. Six aspirate samples (1.5%) were positive for Giardia sp. In 3 of these cases a single fecal flotation identified Giardia cysts before endoscopy. The authors conclude that intestinal aspiration in animals from a primarily referral population undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy rarely identifies Giardia and should not be routinely performed. However, animals in which zinc sulfate flotation was not performed or those that did not previously receive metronidazole might benefit from intestinal aspiration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The gastroduodenal effects of buffered aspirin, carprofen, and etodolac in healthy dogs.

Twenty-four healthy mixed-breed dogs were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 received a placebo p.o. q12h, group 2 received an average of 16.5 (15.1-17.8) mg/kg buffered aspirin p.o. q12h, group 3 received an average of 2.2 (2.0-2.4) mg/kg carprofen p.o. q12h, and group 4 received an average of 12.8 (11.7-13.8) mg/kg etodolac p.o. q24h (with a placebo in the PM). All treatments continued for 28 consecutive days. Gastroduodenal endoscopy was performed on days -9, 0, 5, 14, and 28. Multiple gastric biopsies were obtained endoscopically on day -9 to determine each dog's Helicobacter infection status. Four regions in the stomach and 1 region in the proximal duodenum were evaluated endoscopically, and each was assigned a score from 1 to 11. Scores for each region then were summed to give a total score for each endoscopic evaluation. Erosions and submucosal hemorrhages were seen in all dogs receiving aspirin. Only minor gastric lesions were observed in the carprofen, etodolac, and control groups. No adverse clinical signs were noted in any dog given any treatment. Median total score on days 0, 5, 14, and 28, respectively, were as follows: group 1: 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0; group 2: 5.0, 27.0, 26.0, 27.5; group 3: 5.0, 5.0, 6.0, 5.0, group 4: 5.0, 7.0, 5.0, 5.0. There was no significant difference among dogs receiving carprofen, etodolac, or placebo. The administration of carprofen, etodolac, or placebo to healthy dogs resulted in significantly less gastroduodenal lesion development than in dogs receiving buffered aspirin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhea in dogs with a highly digestible diet and soluble fiber: a retrospective review of 37 cases.

The medical records of 37 dogs diagnosed with chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhea were reviewed. The median age of affected dogs was 6 years. The median body weight was 13.9 kg. The median duration of clinical signs before diagnosis was 32 weeks. Diarrhea usually was intermittent and characterized by increasing frequency, fecal mucus, hematochezia, and tenesmus. Vomiting was common but usually much less frequent and severe than the diarrhea. A variety of stressful factors and abnormal personality traits were identified. CBC and serum biochemistry usually were normal. Fecal examination rarely identified parasites. Rectal cytology specimens were most often normal, but some dogs had increased numbers of neutrophils. The colonic mucosa often was normal during colonoscopy, but decreased numbers of lymphoid follicles were found in some dogs. Histopathologic evaluation found that colonic mucosa was within normal limits. Treatment with soluble fiber (Metamucil) added to a highly digestible diet (Hills i/d) resulted in a very good to excellent response in most dogs. The median initial dosage of Metamucil was 2 tablespoons (2 T) per day. In some dogs, the fiber dosage was reduced or eliminated, or a grocery store brand of dog food was substituted, without causing diarrhea to return.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the bromosulfophthalein 30-minute retention test for the diagnosis of hepatic disease in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention testing in dogs with and without histopathologically confirmed hepatobiliary disease. Medical records of 150 dogs with hepatobiliary disease having both a BSP test and hepatic biopsy were retrieved. Histopathologic slides of liver tissue were reviewed, and dogs were classified according to 1 of 11 histopathologic categories. Twenty-five clinically normal random-source dogs were used as controls for hepatic biopsy and BSP testing. No dogs suffered adverse effects due to BSP administration. BSP retention was significantly (P < .05) higher in hospitalized (13.9%) than control (3.2%) dogs, but the test could not distinguish between hospitalized dogs with different types of hepatobiliary disease. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of BSP retention as a test for hepatic disease were calculated. Using 5.0% as a cutoff for normal BSP retention resulted in a specificity of 88% and a sensitivity of 76%. Using 6.0% as a cutoff for normal BSP retention resulted in a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 70%. Dogs of this study having BSP retention of >6% had at least an 86% chance of having an abnormal liver. We concluded that continued use of BSP retention testing is warranted as a noninvasive diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats.

Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures was performed in 18 dogs and 10 cats with a median age of 4 years. Stricture formation was associated with a recent anesthetic episode in 18 patients. Regurgitation was the most common clinical sign and was present a median of 4 weeks before dilation. Most animals had a single stricture; median diameter was 5 mm, and median length was 1 cm. Esophagitis and mucosal fibrosis were detected in 9 patients each. Dilation was performed with progressively increasing diameter balloons, from 6 to 20 mm. After dilation, mucosal hemorrhage was mild to moderate in most patients. Esophageal perforation was the only serious complication and occurred in 1 patient. Postdilation therapy consisted of administration of cimetidine, metoclopramide, sucralfate, and prednisone in most animals. The median number of dilation procedures performed in each animal was 2, with a range of 1-5. The median interval between dilations was 13 days. Stricture diameter markedly increased with subsequent dilations. Median duration of follow-up was 131 weeks. A successful outcome occurred in 88% of patients, with most animals able to eat canned, mashed, or dry food without regurgitation. Mucosal fibrosis was associated with a better clinical response score, while increasing age was weakly associated with fewer dilations. The dilation protocol used in this group of animals was safe and efficacious.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rectal ganglioneuroma in a dog.

An 18-month-old, spayed female Australian terrier cross was presented with a 10-month history of chronic large bowel diarrhea. Ulceration and two proliferative masses in the rectum were seen on colonoscopy. Surgical resection was performed to remove the masses, and the dog recovered without complications related to surgery. Histopathology was consistent with the diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. The dog had no clinical signs of disease within three months of surgery and was completely normal 2.5 years after diagnosis. This is the first report providing follow-up and successful outcome of a ganglioneuroma in the gastrointestinal tract of a dog.

Animals↗