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Biomedical subjects

M S Islam

Publications and source records attributed to M S Islam.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of thyroxine, the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil and thyroidectomy on mineral metabolism in rat tissues.

The administration of thyroxine produces a significant increase in the copper, magnesium, iron and zinc contents of liver, with a concomitant decrease of heart iron. Magnesium in heart tissues was also increased. The administration of antithyroid drugs produces a significant decrease in the concentration of the same metals in the liver with concomitant increases in kidney copper and calcium, and in heart magnesium and calcium. Brain magnesium was found to be significantly decreased after antithyroid treatment and increased to a lesser extent after thyroxine administration. Thyroidectomy did not produce an appreciable effect on minerals in various tissues, except heart zinc which was significantly decreased. These findings suggest the involvement of thyroid hormones in tissue mineral metabolism, especially in the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Sex-hormones in Neurospora crassa. Differences in the biological property of the hormonal extracts of fertile and sterile strains.

Sexual hormones, isolated from the wild strains and sterile mutants of Neurospora crassa, were used for the improvement of fertility of sterile crosses, i. e., St. L. a X7232-A, St. L. a X 9312-A and St. L. A X 8455-a. Improvement of fertility was observed in case of the cross St. L. a X 9312-A. Of the different extracts, hormonal substances present in the extract of 7232-A (sterile mutant) and also of the wild types (Em A, Em a, St. L. A, St. L. a) exerted the most prominent effects. For the extracts of other mutants such a conclusion was difficult to draw. The implications of these findings are being discussed.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1981

[Seasonal rhythm of airway resistance and intrathoracic gas volume in healthy females and males (author's transl)].

Airway resistasnce (Rt) and intrathoracic gas volume (IGV) were measured every month for 1 year between August 1978 and July 1979 in 9 female and 9 male volunteers. The outside temperatures on the corresponding dates were also noted . Both ggroups showed in the mean a statistically significant increase of Rt and a light fall of IGV during the winter (January). The specific airway resistance (SRt=Rt X IGV) showed the same trend of statistically significant higher values of SRt ( p less than 0.005) during the winter. Then declined and reached a plateau which was in both groups slightly above that of the previous summer. The correlation coefficients between outside temperature and airway resistance roup as a whole were statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Stool findings in "chronic dysentery".

Faecal samples from 63 subjects with self-diagnosis of "chronic dysentery" and 50 control subjects were examined under light microscope. Vegetative form of E.h. was not detected in any of them. E.h. cyst was found in 6.3% of the "chronic dysentery" subjects and in 16% of the control subjects. E. coli and Giardia were also detected less often in the "chronic dysentery" than the control subjects. Lower incidence of protozoa namely E.h. cyst, E. coli cyst or Giardia in the former group was probably due to frequent intake of antiamoebic agents which are also effective against other intestinal protozoa. Incidence of Ascaris, hookworm, and Trichuris was not appreciably different in the two groups. More subjects in the "chronic dysentery" group had normal stool findings (31%) as compared to the control subjects (16%). It has been inferred that E.h. infection is not the cause of symptoms of "chronic dysentery".

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diarrhoeal disease in Bangladesh: epidemiology, mortality averted and costs at a rural treatment centre.

The basic epidemiology of acute diarrhoeal disease seen at a rural Bangladesh hospital in 1975 is reviewed. V. cholerae 01 was isolated from 28% of 1 964 patients. Significant differences in hospitalisation rates were observed between males and females in several age groups. Overall hospital case fatality was 9/1000 cases. We estimate that approximately a quarter to half of the hospitalised patients would have died had no rehydration therapy been available. The region's total mortality was reduced by approximately 7%-15%, at a cost of United States $0.14 per capita. Mortality from acute diarrhoeal diseases was greatly reduced for all age groups, and total mortality and mortality from all diarrhoeal diseases were particularly reduced for young children and young adults. Rehydration therapy used in a field hospital was apparently highly effective in reducing general mortality and mortality from acute diarrhoeal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Mechanism of controlling residual volume and emptying rate of the lung in young and elderly healthy subjects.

The mechanisms of controlling residual volume and lung emptying in different ages have been examined. Elastic bandage was wrapped around the abdomen, chest and shoulder (chest strapping). The measurements of various lung volumes and airway resistance were performed with and without chest strapping. Reduction in all lung volumes including residual volume (-12%) and light increase in airway resistance were obtained in subjects below 25 years with chest strapping, whereas residual volumes were higher (+ 17%, + 12%) under chest strapping in subjects between 35 and 50 years and > 60 years of age, respectively. The airway resistance was also considerably higher in these two groups. A decrease in residual volume points to the fact that the major controlling mechanism of residual volume lies in the chest wall. Chest strapping removes the outward force on the airways, enhances their closure, and traps more air, which increases residual volume. This means that the limitation of emptying lies in the airways in advanced age (> 34 years).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Experimental studies on cardiopulmonary relation under hypoxia, hypercapnia and airway obstruction in dog (author's transl)].

On 18 dogs the effects of hypoxia (12, 10, 7.5% O2) and hypoxia and hypercapnia (10% O2 + 5, 7.5, 11% CO2) on breathing, pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac output and on the arterial and venous oxygen pressure were investigated. The relationship between arterial oxygen pressure to Pap as to vascular resistance is not in the mean linear. There are good, bad and nearly nonresponders in respect to the vascular resistance on the dogs. Therefore, calculation and evaluation of mean values are less helpful. A similar variation on men could help to understand also better the large scatter which is always shown on correlations between PO2a : Pap or PO2a : vascular resistance. Also the different pattern of the V/Q relationship may be influenced by the amount of the vascular response to local alveolar hypoxia. An increase of PCO/a potentiates the local vasoconstrictor effect of hypoxia. Mainly this was seen in the range between hypocapnia and moderate rates of hypercapnia. Hypoxia shows an increase of breathing frequency, hypercapnia shows and increase in tidal volume. Also under hypercapnia there are nonresponders and better responders in response to the vascular resistance in the lung circulation. Mechanical airway obstruction is followed by an increase of tidal volume; obstruction caused by acetylcholine is followed by a decrease of tidal volume and an increase of breathing frequency. Changes in the arterial blood gases are caused by changes in the ventilation perfusion relationship only under acetylcholine obstruction. Influences on the lung circulation by the airway obstruction under these experimental conditions as direct effects are small or not existent.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

Predicting first professional M.B.B.S. examination score from the results of H.S.C. examination.

In a retrospective study carried out in Chittagong Medical College the results of HSC and First-Professional MBBS examination of 725 students were analysed. It was concluded from the analysis that if standard of HSC examination is well maintained the results of the said examination correlates well with students' performance in the First Professional MBBS examination. An analysis of admission into Chittagong Medical College in past 20 academic sessions has been made which shows that an increasing number of students securing high marks in HSC are being admitted into Medical College during recent years. The marking standard of HSC examination has however remained fairly uniform over the years except during early post-liberation period.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Tracheal contractility and flow resistance in anesthetized dogs with and without vagal block.

The study was carried out on 8 boxer dogs in three groups. They were anesthetized, intubated and breathed spontaneously. The animals were exposed to inhalative acetylcholine (ACH) aerosol, mechanical stimulus to the bronchial tree, intrabronchial and intravenous application of ACH solution. Dynamic elasticity, lung resistance, tracheal resistance and breathing rates were determined. A special method was used for recording tracheal activity in spontaneously breathing animals and noted as tracheal pressure. Those parameters were noted before and after partial blocking of the cervical vagus nerves on both sides. Bilateral vagal block entirely prevented the response produced by mechanical irritation and intrabronchial ACH. Inhalative and intravenous ACH produced significantly less response after vagal block, but certain residues remained. It is concluded that mechanical irritation works entirely through the reflex path, but ACH mostly follows the reflex path a little on the smooth muscle directly.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

[Age-dependent mechanical properties of the lung (author's transl)].

Capacity resistance breaking and volume resistance breaking were determined in normal subjects divided into three groups according to their age. There was a statistically significant age dependence with regard to both values. At a higher age, capacity resistance breaking increases in the respiratory tract already above the end-expiratory intrathoracic gas volume. There is a clear-cut age-dependent narrowing of the ventilatory reserve. This points to a relationship to "senile emphysema". It is probable that the premature loss of individual bronchi is a factor in the abnormal clearing mechanism of the elderly lung.

Adult↗