Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ruutu

Publications and source records attributed to M Ruutu.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The value of urethrocystography in the investigation of patients with spinal cord injury.

In a review of 127 urethrocystograms carried out on 92 males with spinal cord injury the following conclusions were drawn. (1) In the presence of vesico-ureteric reflux or urethral reflux into the male adnexa, bladder outlet obstruction should be suspected. (2) Lesions of the anterior urethra develop easily as the result of indwelling catheterisation in patients lacking sensation. A retrograde urethrogram is necessary to demonstrate these lesions. (3) Severe trabeculation of the bladder wall can be a sign of high-pressure outlet obstruction. (4) Dilatation of the bladder neck in patients with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia may lead to total urinary incontinence after sphincterotomy. (5) Urethrocystography is not a valid investigation to detect bladder stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Upper urinary tract changes in patients with spinal cord injury.

Two hundred and six intravenous urograms on 119 patients with spinal cord injury were reviewed and the findings correlated with the clinical data. Fifty (42%) of 119 patients had pathological changes in their upper urinary tracts. The most common feature was impaired renal emptying. Patients with normal and pathological upper tracts had similar findings according to the number of positive urine cultures during the first post-injury year, but in the follow-up those with pathological urograms showed bacteriuria significantly more often. Febrile urinary tract infections at least once a year were encountered in the follow-up of 40% of the patients with pathological urograms, as compared with 8% with normal urograms. All patients with severe renal changes had impaired emptying from the kidneys. This supports the view that the basic patho-physiological mechanism leading to upper tract deterioration in patients with spinal cord injury is a functional or mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract. This should be treated actively before irreversible renal changes develop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Bone scintigraphy and serum phosphatases in the detection and follow-up of bone metastases in prostatic cancer.

Bone scintigraphy, serum acid phosphatase activity (ACP), prostatic acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay (PAP) and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) were studied in 117 consecutive patients with prostatic cancer. Serum PAP was more sensitive than ACP in indicating prostatic cancer in the 63 patients with normal bone scans: 28% had positive PAP tests and 15% positive ACP tests. In the 54 patients with bone metastases no difference in the frequency of positive PAP (84%) and ACP (85%) test was observed. Serum PAP and ACP, but not ALP, were useful for the assessment of the response to therapy particularly in patients without bone metastases. In the follow-up of patients with bone metastases the scan was more informative than any of the phosphatase assays studied.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Unexpected urethral strictures after short-term catheterization in open-heart surgery.

Urethral stricture was found in 59 of 478 male patients who had undergone open-heart surgery between June 79 and December 81. In 40/59 cases the stricture showed a string-of-pearls configuration or long narrowing of the penile urethra on the urethrogram. Burning pain and dysuria were the main symptoms, and the urinary stream started to weaken immediately after the removal of the siliconized latex catheter which had been routinely inserted at the time of the heart operation and usually kept indwelling for 3 days. The stricture epidemic stopped after change of the latex catheters to silicone-ones. The different catheters were investigated for cell toxicity. Eluates of catheters were added at different concentrations to cultures of various cell lines. The cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation. The results were uniform and showed marked toxicity of the latex catheters against all investigated cell lines.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

Suprapubic cystostomy catheterization in open-heart surgery.

Monitoring of the urinary output is mandatory during open-heart surgery and in the immediate postoperative period. During 1980-81 we noticed an alarming rise in the number of post-catheterization urethral strictures affecting men who had undergone open-heart surgery. To avoid this serious complication, we switched from conventional urethral catheterization to suprapubic cystostomy for these patients. The first 93 cases with suprapubic drainage have now been analysed as regards the advantages and complications of this technique. The advantages were clear: The patients were satisfied with the method and no urethral strictures developed. The only side effect was haematuria, which in 9 cases led to occlusion of the catheter and required extraneous maneouvres. Suprapubic cystostomy thus seems to be a good alternative to conventional urethral catheterization in open-heart surgery. The possible causes of the urethral complications in this particular group of patients also are discussed.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

Urinary tract complications in spinal cord injury patients.

The characteristics of urinary tract complications in a series of 202 spinal cord injury patients are described. Repeated urinary infection was the most usual problem. Upper urinary tract changes were detected in 61 patients (30%). 56 patients (28%) underwent bladder outlet surgery for problems with voiding. Urinary diversion was done to 8 patients (4%), and 12 (6%) were treated with permanent indwelling catheter or self-catheterization. The high incidence of bladder stones (29%) and urethral complications (14%) was regarded as due to indwelling catheterization at the early stage post-injury. Despite the high urinary tract morbidity, only one patient has so far died of renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of urethral stricture by urethroplasty or direct vision urethrotomy. A comparative retrospective study.

The outcome of treatment for urethral stricture is evaluated in two groups of patients in a retrospective study: 51 patients were treated with urethroplasty and 41 with direct vision urethrotomy. The groups did not differ greatly as regards primary success. It was 59% in the urethroplasty group and 61% in the urethrotomy group. This favours the view that the primary treatment of a urethral stricture should be direct vision urethrotomy whenever possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cisobitan in treatment of prostatic cancer. A prospective controlled multicentre study.

Cisobitan, an organosilicon compound with estrogenic and antigonadotropic properties has been evaluated clinically in comparison with an estrogen preparation. In a multicenter study a total of 140 patients with well and moderately well differentiated prostatic cancer were randomly allocated to treatment with Cisobitan or Estradurin/Etivex, 70 to each group. Of 34 patients with poorly differentiated prostatic cancer 18 were given Cisobitan--and 16 were given Estracyt-treatment. Among the patients with well and moderately well differentiated prostatic cancer there were, disregarding mortality, no major differences in subjective, objective or laboratory response to the two kinds of treatment. The pattern of side effects was similar, but oedema requiring diuretics occurred more often in the estrogen treated group. There was a significant difference in mortality at 12 months between the groups, two in the Cisobitan group and ten in the estrogen treated group. Cancer was the cause of death in two patients in the estrogen treated group. All other patients succumbed in cardiovascular diseases. At 24 months the difference in mortality rate was less pronounced: Another ten patients had died in the Cisobitan treated group and seven among the estrogen treated patients. Cancer was responsible for the deaths in seven of the Cisobitan patients compared to four of the estrogen treated patients. Within three years one more patient in both groups had died. Of the 34 patients with poorly differentiated cancer, twelve were alive at the 24 months' follow up, six in the Cisobitan group and six in the Estracyt group.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1982

External sphincterotomy in patients with spinal cord injury.

Urological evaluation was performed on 63 spinal cord injury patients with micturition difficulties or repeated urinary tract infections. Detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia of varying degree was found in 36/63 (57%) of these patients with urological problems, and 15/36 (42%) of them were estimated to benefit by external sphincterotomy. Sphincterotomy was carried out in 11 patients. The effect on micturition problems was good, but intermittent bacteriuria continued despite the operation. However, marked febrile urinary tract infections appeared to subside.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Renal angiography problems in live kidney donors.

We compared renal angiographic and operative findings in 88 live kidney donors. Fifty patients had normal arteriograms and uneventful nephrectomies. Abnormal renal parenchymal or main artery lesions were found in eight donors (9%). These included four renal artery stenoses; the kidney distal to the lesion was used for transplanting. Thirty one patients (35%) had multiple renal arteries. Only 24 of these (77%) were diagnosed at pre-operative angiography, though on review angiogram accuracy could be raised to 94%. Except for one patient the accessory renal arteries missed at angiography were tiny twigs; the small renal infarcts caused by ligating them did not impair transplant survival. There was one serious misdiagnosis of multiple renal arteries, preventable on review of the abdominal aortogram. We condiser pre-operative angiography an essential step for the live kidney donor. It is the most accurate way of ensuring that his remaining kidney will be structurally sound. Finding multiple renal arteries has a decisive impact on management. Abdominal aortography rather than routine selective arteriography is the safe and therefore preferable approach to these patients.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined adrenal adenoma and myelolipoma in a patient with Conn syndrome. Case report.

Adrenal myelolipoma is an uncommon benign tumor usually discovered by chance in patients with hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis or cancer. The association with adrenocortical endocrine dysfunctions is rare. We report herein an unusual case, the second in the literature to the best of our knowledge, of combined adrenal adenoma and myelolipoma in a patient with Conn syndrome.

Adenoma↗