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Biomedical subjects

M Russolo

Publications and source records attributed to M Russolo.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Gentamicin ototoxicity: histological and ultrastructural alterations after transtympanic administration.

The histological and ultrastructural appearances of the inner ear vestibulum were studied after transtympanic administration of gentamicin in guinea-pigs. The animals were treated with a single transtympanic dose (0.2 cm3) of 4% gentamicin sulphate solution in the right ear; the left one was considered as control. After 7 days they were sacrificed and the vestibula of both inner ears were removed to be examined both by light and electron microscopy. In the treated inner ear damage was not always evident at light microscopical level, even if a case of complete disepithelialization of cristae ampullares was found. The examination by TEM revealed evident damage in the vestibular non-sensorial cells, such as severe cellular vacuolation, whereas sensorial elements presented heterochromatinic thickenings and cytoplasmic wrinkling, as compared to controls. The tunica fibrosa presented an irregular fibrillar plot, as well as that of the myelinic lamellae in the vestibular nerve fibres.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modifications of the stapedius muscle reflex under spontaneous and experimental brain-stem impairment.

An oscilloscopic plus a graphic method of recording of the stapedius muscle reflex has revealed peculiar modifications in the latency, threshold, and shape of development of the reflex in cases of brain-stem impairment. Many subjects have been examined who were affected by nucleo-reticular vestibular syndrome, vascular insufficiency, disseminated sclerosis, tumours, etc. and a comparison has also been made in normal subjects and in the same subjects during a temporary impairment of the brain-stem structures following barbiturate administration. The greatest semeiological value is attributed to the modifications in the shape of the reflex.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tympanic muscle reflex elicited by electric stimulation of the tongue in normal and pathological subjects.

A bilateral reflex contraction of the tensor tympani muscle has been obtained in man by electric stimulation of the tongue (1-2 mA). The stimulus is well tolerated and always effective. The advantage is stressed of eliciting a contraction of this muscle without involvement of the stapedius, as occurs with other methods. An analysis has been subsequently conducted in normal subjects and in patients affected by pathology of the tympano-ossicular system: tympanosclerosis, otosclerosis, suprastapedial facial paralysis; in cases of interruption of the afferent arch: section of the homo-lateral lingual nerve; in cases of involvement of its central portion: cerebello-pontine-angle tumours; and in cases of section of chorda tympani. A chiasm-like central nervous pattern is suggested.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of the isolated tensor tympani muscle reflex elicited by electric lingual stimulation.

A bilateral reflex contraction of the isolated tensor tympani muscle has been obtained in man by bipolar electric stimulation of the edge of the tongue (DC generator). The avoidance of the elevated and variable body electric resistance and of the variable contact resistance from the hand to the ground plate, represents an appreciable improvement of this method in comparison with the unipolar method described in a earlier paper. A further improvement has also been achieved by applying the electric stimulus to one inferior aspect of the tongue near the floor of the mouth, nearer to the lingual nerve. An analysis has been subsequently conducted in normal subjects and in patients affected by pathologies of the tympano-ossicular system; otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis, unilateral complete suprastapedial facial paralysis, interrumption of the ossicular chain; in cases of interruption of the afferent arc: section of the unilateral lingual nerve; involvement of its central portion: cerebello-pontine angle tumour, brain stem tumour. A chiasma-like central nervous pattern is suggested.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oncological and functional results by horizontal glottectomy in laryngeal carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to describe the indications, surgical technique and results of horizontal glottectomy in laryngeal carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients suffering from differentiated glottal carcinoma (15 T1b and 5 T1a) were treated between 1985 and 1994. A classic horizontal glottectomy, with some modifications, not extended to the ventricular fold or to the arytenoid, was performed in every patient. All patients followed a postoperative rehabilitative program. Time of feeding tube removal, decannulation and voice production were considered. RESULTS: No local recurrence was recorded in any of the patients, however follow up on 4 cases was only three years. No postoperative radiotherapy was used. Two patients died from cardiovascular causes. Post-operative average times were: discharge from hospital after 10.5 days; feeding tube removal after 7 days; decannulation after 9.5 days. No major pulmonary complications nor laryngeal stenosis following surgery was recorded. In all patients adequate voice production was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that horizontal glottectomy is a safe procedure in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Local control of disease, provided case selection is very accurate, can reach 100%. Rapid and excellent laryngeal function may thus be obtained and the voice production is adequate in every patient.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glandular tumors of the middle ear: a case of primary ceruminous adenoma].

Primitive glandular neoplasms of the middle ear are a rare entity. Under this definition epithelial neoplasms are classified according to structure as adenomas or adenocarcinomas, with intact tympanic membrane. Review of the literature shows that four histopathological patterns can be identified among these neoplasms: adenoma, adenocarcinoma, ceruminous adenoma and ceruminous adenocarcinoma. The present work describes a case of primitive ceruminous adenoma of the middle ear (6 cases have been reported in the literature) discovered during exploratory tympanotomy performed on a presumed otitis media which had not responded to medical treatment. The case description is followed by a review of the literature on the subject. The rarity of such neoplasms arises from this review as well as the fact that the histogenesis of ceruminous neoplasms of the middle ear is not clearly defined. Further study is required and more reports need be made in order to establish the best therapeutic approach to such neoplasms. It is the authors' opinion that the term "ceruminoma" is a generic term and not a clear definition and that its use in labeling the most various neoplasms of the middle and external ear must be abandoned.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bipolar electric stimulation to elicit and isolated tensor tympani reflex.

A bipolar electrode is described, designed to obtain improved reflex responses from the tensor tympani muscle by electric stimulation of the under surface of the tongue, d.c. generator, 7-9 V d.c. In comparison with the previous unipolar method of stimulation the responses under oscilloscopic analysis appear very constant and of greater size. The latency, in normal subjects, is 117 msec.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pre-operative evaluation of cervical adenopathies in tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract.

BACKGROUND: Carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract are characterized by a high incidence of local metastasis in the neck. The presence of lymph node metastasis represents the most unfavorable prognostic factor for these tumors. A diagnostic routine is needed in order to identify the highest number of neck metastasis, thereby optimizing the selection of patients eligible for surgical neck treatment and reduce costs and length of hospital stay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study analyzes the sensibility, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination, echography (US), computed tomography (CT) in cervical metastasis detection by comparing them with the histopathological examination of the neck dissection specimens (pN) in 53 patients suffering from carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. RESULTS: Clinical examination: sensibility 82.1%; specificity 80%; diagnostic accuracy 81.1%; US with a cut off point for minimal adenopathy diameter of 0.5 cm 92.8% sensibility, 60% specificity, 77.3% diagnostic accuracy; US with cut off point 1 cm 82.1% sensibility, 80% specificity, 81.1% diagnostic accuracy; US with cut off point 1 cm, also considering round shape or multiplicity of the adenopathy: 82.1 sensibility, 80% specificity, 81.1% diagnostic accuracy; CT with cut off point 0.5 cm: 92.8% sensibility, 32% specificity, 64.1% diagnostic accuracy; CT with cut off point 1 cm: 85.7% sensibility, 64% specificity, 75.4% diagnostic accuracy; CT with cut off point 1 cm, also considering central necrosis, extracapsular spread, multiplicity of the adenopathy 89.2 sensibility, 60% specificity, 75.5% diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: By relating the results obtained from preoperative methods to the anatomopathological analysis of the surgical specimens we can draw the following conclusions: a) a neck positive to palpation in a subject with carcinoma of the upper aero digestive tract must be submitted to neck dissection. Such patients have an 81.1% likelihood of having a metastasis. In these patients the use of radiologic studies of the neck must be restricted to cases with uncertain involvement of retropharingeal, mediastinic, paratracheal lymph nodes or in the follow-up after treatment; b) a neck negative to palpation in a subject with carcinoma of the upper aero digestive tract, must be further investigated. The US and the CT must use a cut-off point of 1 cm to consider a neck positive. Radiologic criteria for malignancy, i.e., multiplicity, roundish shape, central necrosis and capsular invasion do not significantly increase the diagnostic accuracy of the radiographic methods; c) the combined use of US and CT does not offer significant advantages in the detection of metastasis, in any case CT is preferable when primary tumor has to be evaluated; d) the assessment of patients that are negative to palpation and to US and to CT must consider the parameters linked with primary tumor, such as site and size, Broder's grading, Invasive Cell Grading, and thickness.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗