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Biomedical subjects

M Russell

Publications and source records attributed to M Russell.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Response to dexamethasone suppression and total night sleep deprivation in an affectively disordered Klinefelter patient.

A 50-year-old Klinefelter patient acutely developed a psychotic depression which rapidly responded to treatment with amitriptyline. This patient exhibited an early escape from dexamethasone suppression and became hypomanic the morning after total night sleep deprivation. The findings suggest that the use of biological tests to study affective syndromes occurring in Klinefelter patients might yield clues regarding the existence of pathophysiological common denominators of primary and Klinefelter-associated affective disorders.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1983

Valproic acid and intractable seizures in severely brain-damaged patients.

We treated 52 mentally retarded patients with intractable seizures by adding valproic acid (VPA) to other drug regimens. Sixty-one percent improved clinically. VPA significantly reduced the frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, generalized myoclonus, absence and atonic seizures. There was a significant correlation between clinical improvement and reduction of EEG paroxysmal activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Stability of CNS bindings sites under various conditions.

The effects of (1) method of sacrifice, (2) treatment of tissue and membranes, and (3) gavaging on neurotransmitter receptors were assessed. Most variables did not affect binding, but freezing of forebrain tissue decreased protein recovery and therefore estimates of binding sites per brain weight. Serotonin binding was especially sensitive to freezing to neurotoxicology is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Computer-aided alcoholism diagnosis in obstetric-gynecologic medical settings.

A computer-aided Alcoholism Diagnostic ALGOrithm (ADALGO) based on the NCA criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism is applied in 233 obstetric and gynecologic patients. Alcoholism symptoms in the patients were intensively investigated by means of a 10-page, self-administered questionnaire, a 45-minute interview, and a medical record review. Alcoholism diagnoses based on the resulting set of 43 NCA symptoms are compared with ADALGO diagnoses utilizing an average of 26 symptoms. Agreement was achieved in 95.7% of the cases for dichotomous, alcoholic-nonalcoholic diagnoses and in 91% of the cases using a five-category alcoholism diagnostic schema. The feasibility of routinely screening for and diagnosing alcohol-related problems in ambulatory care settings using ADALGO and the NCA criteria is discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Rapid effects of acrylamide on spiroperidol and serotonin binding in neural tissue.

The effects of in vivo exposure to acrylamide on 3H-spiroperidol binding to striatal and (3)5-HT binding to forebrain membranes were investigated. Rats were gavaged with 100 mg/kg acrylamide and sacrificed at various times thereafter. Rapid changes were seen with specific binding of spiroperidol increasing by 1/2 hour and 5-HT binding by 2 hours after acrylamide treatment. Although the overall effect of acrylamide was to elevate binding for at least 24 hours, binding of spiroperidol may have exhibited a biphasic profile. The possibility of dual time-dependent mechanisms involved in the effects of acrylamide is discussed.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed1980

Estimation of alcohol consumption from the health and nutrition examination survey.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1973 (HANES) includes four general questions on alcohol intake, whereas historically surveys of drinking have employed detailed questions on the quantity and frequency of drinking wine, beer, and liquor, with and without a measure of variability (QF/QFV); methods have been developed to express both QF and QFV in terms of absolute alcohol intake per day (AA). In order to compare the HANES data on alcohol consumption with data based on these more well-established measures, it is necessary to develop a measure of AA based on the HANES questions, HANESAA, that is comparable to AA based on the QFV questions (AAQFV). In constructing HANESAA, a subset of data from a Western New York State Survey of drinking which employed the QFV questions was used to estimate the responses to the HANES questions which might have been made if these questions had been asked in the same survey. Alcohol intake calculated from this "HANES subset" of data, AAHANES, was found to correlate highly with AAQFV based on the full set of QFV questions (r = .93). Regressions of AAQFV on AAHANES were done to develop equations, the parameters of which were then used to predict HANESAA from the HANES data set. HANES data on drinking, expressed in terms of HANESAA, are compared with data from surveys conducted by Harris in 1972-1974 using QF measures of AA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Screening for alcohol-related problems in an outpatient obstetric-gynecologic clinic.

Three methods of screening for alcohol-related problems were tested in 499 to 565 consecutive patients in an obstetric-gynecologic outpatient clinic. The methods included a 31 item self-administered questionnaire, a six-item physician-administered questionnaire, and a blood alcohol test. Medical records were reviewed for mention of conditions sometimes associated with alcohol use. Sixteen percent of the women were heavy drinkers, and 18% were found on screening to be probable or potential problem drinkers. In women under age 40 years heavy drinking was associated with a higher incidence of physical problems sometimes associated with excessive alcohol use, and significantly lower birth weights were observed in infants born to obstetric patients who were positive on screening for alcohol-related problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Peripheral vascular resistance and angiotensin II levels during pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass.

The effects of pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on levels of peripheral vascular resistance and plasma angiotensin II (AII) have been studied in 24 patients submitted to elective cardiac surgical procedures. Twelve patients had conventional non-pulsatile perfusion throughout the period of CPB (non-pulsatile group), while 12 had pulsatile perfusion during the central period of total CPB, using the Stockert pulsatile pump system (pulsatile group). There were no significant differences between the groups in respect of age, weight, bypass time, cross-clamp time, or in mean pump flow or mean perfusion pressure at the onset of CPB. Peripheral vascular resistance index (PVRI) and plasma AII levels were measured at the onset of total CPB and at the end of total CPB. In the non-pulsatile group PVRI rose from 19.6 units to 29.96 units during perfusion. In the pulsatile group PVRI showed little change from 20.89 units to 21.45 units during perfusion (P less than 0.001). Plasma AII levels (normal less than 35 pg/ml) rose during perfusion from 49 pg/ml to 226 pg/ml in the non-pulsatile group. The rise in the pulsatile group from 44 pg/ml to 98 pg/ml was significantly smaller than that in the non-pulsatile group (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass prevents the rise in PVRI associated with non-pulsatile perfusion, and that this effect may be achieved by preventing excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system, thus producing significantly lower plasma concentrations of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The localization within plant cells of enzymes involved in arginine biosynthesis.

Studies were carried out to determine the distribution of the following: (1) carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.2.9), (2) ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3), (3) argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5), and (4) argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1) in soybean cells grown in suspension culture. Protoplasts were produced from the soybean cells by treatment with cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) and pectinase (EC 3.2.1.15); the protoplasts were then ruptured by osmotic shock with distilled water. This treatment was followed by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation to isolate various organelle fractions including mitochondria and plastids. Examination of these fractions using specific enzyme assays showed that carbamoylphosphate synthetase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase were localized in a fraction found to be composed primarily of plastids. Argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase appeared to be associated with either the cytosol or a membrane fraction in close association with the cytosol such as the endoplasmic reticulum or protoplast membrane.

Arginine↗
PubMed1976

Criteria for appropriate and inappropriate referrals to a crisis clinic.

The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for appropriate and inappropriate referrals by telephone counselors to a crisis clinic. Interviews were conducted with staff members and volunteers of the Suicide Prevention and Crisis Service to explore possible criteria for making a referral. Nine criteria for inappropriate referrals and eight criteria for appropriate referrals were established. Data were then collected from a larger sample of staff members and volunteers (N=56) in the form of a ranked-order questionnaire, and differences between the staff and volunteers were examined. Rankings were significantly different for only 2 of the 17 categories suggesting that there is general agreement between staff and volunteers on the criteria for appropriate and inappropriate referrals for counseling. Policy implications of the accepted criteria are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

The relationship of family size and spacing to the growth of preschool Mayan children in Guatemala.

The height of preschool Mayan children is analyzed with respect to family size and the spacing of their siblings, controlling for parental heights and weights. Data on 643 cases were abstracted from the records of two previous longitudinal studies on the health of children under age five years living in the highlands of Guatemala. Height at age three years is estimated from the linear regression equations fitted for each child to measurements of height repeated at three-month intervals from ages one to four years. Family size is expressed in terms of birth rank, live siblings, and the number of dependent and independent family members. Family spacing is measured as birth intervals, i.e., the number of months between the birth of the index child and his previous and subsequent siblings. Most previous studies have reported that height decreases as family size increases. This study shows that Mayan children from both small and large families are taller than those from middle-sized families. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that children in large families are relatively tall because their early-born siblings contribute to the family fortunes. Birth intervals are positively correlated with height. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for family planning.

Birth Order↗