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Biomedical subjects

M Rudd

Publications and source records attributed to M Rudd.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Characterization of infectious bursal disease virus isolates from Indonesia indicates the existence of very virulent strains with unique genetic changes.

Sequencing of the hypervariable region of viral protein VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates obtained from non-vaccinated chickens in Indonesia showed that the majority (16/17) were closely related to published very virulent (vv)IBDV strains. Four isolates contained identical amino acid sequences to Asian and European vvIBDVs, sharing vv-specific amino acid residues 222(Ala), 256(Ile), and 294(Ile). Eight isolates differed by one amino acid at position 222(Ala-->Ser); however, this change did not alter the pathogenicity or antigenicity of these strains. Two isolates, with amino acid substitutions at positions 272(Ile-->Thr) and 279(Asp-->Asn), did not cause clinical disease or mortality, and were therefore considered to be naturally occurring, attenuated mutants of vvIBDV. The results illustrate variability that might occur among vvIBDV strains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Focal, flat pigmentations of the oral mucosa: a clinical approach to the differential diagnosis.

The purpose of this article is to assist the clinician in establishing a clinical approach to the diagnosis of focal, flat pigmentations of the oral mucosa. These pigmentations include lesions that may be blue, purple, red, black, or brown. The etiopathogenesis may be variable and the pigment may originate from an exogenous (extrinsic) or endogenous (intrinsic) source. Exogenous pigmentations are of a traumatic or iatrogenic origin. Intrinsic pigmentations are either vascular or melanocytic. Clinical approaches include a thorough history and physical exam coupled with diascopy (blanchability), radiographs, and tissue examination (biopsies). An algorithm is presented to clarify the diagnostic approach. The diagnosis may vary from pathologic entities that require no treatment to others that may involve malignancies and their associated management. It is therefore extremely important that these lesions are identified and properly managed in an expeditious manner.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Visible persistence and form correspondence in Ternus apparent motion.

Visual stimuli remain visible for some time after their physical offset (visible persistence). Visible persistence has been hypothesized to play an important role in determining the pattern of correspondence matching in the Ternus apparent-motion display. In this display, one or more elements reappears in overlapping locations at different times, whereas another element appears alternately to the right or the left of these elements. Usually either the elements are perceived to move coherently as a group (group motion), or one element may be perceived to hop over one or more other elements (element motion). According to the visible-persistence account of the perceptual organization of the Ternus display, element motion is seen when the temporal gap between elements in overlapping locations is small enough to be bridged by visible persistence; if it is not, group motion is seen. We conducted four experiments to test this visible-persistence account. In Experiments 1 and 2, a form correspondence cue (line length) was introduced to bias the visual system toward the element-motion interpretation, while visible persistence was either reduced or eliminated. The element-motion percept dominated despite the elimination of visible persistence. In Experiments 3 and 4, we found that Ternus elements presented without interruption, and thus presumably persisting over time, can be perceived in group motion. Together, the results indicate that visible persistence is neither necessary nor sufficient to account for the pattern of correspondence matches in the Ternus display.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopic anterior resection: a consecutive series of 84 patients.

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is in its infancy. From a series of over 200 colorectal procedures undertaken over the last 30 months, we have performed 84 anterior resections. In 55 women and 29 men, median age 64 years (range 32-86), median weight 72 kg (range 36-125), surgery was undertaken for benign pathology (n = 57) and adenocarcinoma (n = 27). Anterior resection was completed laparoscopically in 75 cases (89%) with a median operating time of 210 min (range 85-420). Minor morbidity occurred in 17 patients (20%) with major morbidity in 10 cases (12%). There was one post-operative death. Flatus was passed a median of two days (range 1-7) after surgery and feces at a median of four days (range 2-9). Total hospital stay was six days (range 2-33). Delayed morbidity during a maximum of 30 months' follow-up included two anastomotic strictures but no evidence of malignant seeding. Laparoscopic anterior resection appears both feasible and safe for both benign and malignant disease, with the caveat that long-term outcome in malignant disease is not yet available.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Laparoscopic splenectomy and lymph node biopsy for hematologic disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The authors audit the introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy and compare outcomes with a parallel cohort of patients undergoing open splenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic splenectomy was first reported in 1992. It was introduced into clinical practice at the Royal Brisbane Hospital in 1991. Between June 1991 and March 1994, 24 patients have undergone laparoscopic splenectomies and 23 patients have had laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsies. METHODS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed using a four- or five-port technique. The splenic hilum was secured using a linear stapler cutter, and the spleen was removed after placing it in a laparoscopic bag. Lymph node biopsy was performed using a three- or four-port technique, depending on the site and size of the lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 22 patients (92%). Median hospital stay was 3 days (range 2-7 days) and morbidity occurred in two patients (8%). Lymph node biopsy was completed laparoscopically in 21 of 23 patients (91%), with morbidity in two cases (9%). Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-6 days), with a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Comparison with open splenectomy revealed that the laparoscopic approach took significantly longer to perform (p = 0.0002), but resulted in a significantly shorter hospital stay (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic lymph node biopsy currently are used as the treatments of choice for hematologic disease in our institution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Microscope and hot wire cautery management of 100 consecutive patients with acute epistaxis--a superior method to traditional packing.

The technique of microscope examination and hot wire cautery in a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients with acute epistaxis is described. The method was successful in arresting haemorrhage in 94 per cent of patients bleeding at the time of examination, and in 86 per cent, discharge home within one hour was possible. Due to improved illumination, magnification and control of the cautery instrument, nasal packing was required in only nine per cent of cases. By achieving this and by reducing the overall need for admission to 20 per cent, we recommend this method of treatment both as a successful cost saving measure, as well as advantageous to the patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Can psychologists recognize neurological disorders in their patients?

A variety of insidious neurological disorders may present initially as psychological difficulties. In an effort to determine whether psychologists could recognize these disorders in their patients and refer them to a neurologist or nonneurological physician, a questionnaire containing four clinical vignettes was sent to a total of 566 members of the Los Angeles Psychological Association. Each vignette contained a salient description of an underlying neurological disorder with a psychological presentation. No explicit indication was made that the psychological problem represented an underlying neurological disorder. Each psychologist was instructed to read each vignette carefully and to decide what to recommend for each patient. Analysis of the data revealed that nearly one-third of the psychologists failed to recognize the underlying neurological disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Metacontrast investigations of sustained-transient channel inhibitory interactions.

The metacontrast paradigm was exploited to study possible inhibitory interactions between sustained and transient channels. Variations and measures of target disinhibition or target recovery. The former type of target recovery is taken as evidence for interchannel sustained-on-transient inhibition; the latter, as evidence for intrachannel transient-on-transient inhibition.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1977

Electrophysiologic delineation of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system in two patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries in situs inversus (I,D,D).

Electrophysiologic delineation of the atrioventricular conduction system at surgery is described in two patients with corrected transpostion of the great arteries in situs inversus. Intra-atrial electrograms were recorded in one patient from sites immediately adjacent to the coronary sinus located in the left-sided right atrium. The intraventricular portion of the atrioventricular conduction system was identified in both patients along the posterior and inferior margin of the ventricular septal defect, in contrast to the superior and anterior location found in corrected transposition of the great arteries in situs solitus. In contrast to the superior and anterior location found in corrected transposition of the great arteries in situs solitus. The course of the conduction system in the hearts of these two patients and a possible relationship to the cardiac loop and dual origin of the atrioventricular node is discussed. These cases illustrate the usefulness of segmental diagnosis of congenital heart disease and of electrophysiologic identification of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system at surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uterine inversion.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diascopy: a clinical technique for the diagnosis of vascular lesions.

Dentists can quickly determine the vascular nature of many intraoral lesions by applying a clinical test for blanchability. Such a clinical test is called a diascopy. Described here are the circumstances in which diascopy can be used in a dental practice and what useful information is provided by performing diascopy on oral mucosal lesions.

Diagnosis, Differential↗