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Biomedical subjects

M Rozencweig

Publications and source records attributed to M Rozencweig.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin and ampicillin.

Single equimolar oral doses of bacampicillin and ampicillin were given to 9 healthy subjects on a crossover randomized basis. Data were interpreted in terms of a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic open model. Intestinal absorption of bacampicillin was found to be faster and more complete than that of ampicillin, yielding an increase in bioavailability of 30% to 40% as measured by the area under serum levels curve, the urinary excretion and absorption rate constants. After the administration of bacampicillin, much higher and sharper peaks were achieved in the serum and in the "tissue" water than after the administration of ampicillin. The maximum bactericidal dilution (MBD) of the serum samples taken 1 hr after the administration of the antibiotics against 10 strains of Diplococcus pneumoniae was higher following bacampicillin (p less than 0.01), as was the MBD of the 0 to 2 hr urine specimens against 10 strains of Escherichia coli. Further clinical trials are required to accurately assess the possible greater therapeutic effectiveness of bacampicillin than of ampicillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1976

Peritoneoscopic evaluation of the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on liver metastases of breast cancer (report of 2 cases).

Two cases of breast cancer are presented in which massive liver metastases were proved by biopsies prior to treatment. Use of alternate cyclical hormonal cytotoxic combination chemotherapy (EORTC Clinical Trial, protocol, no 10741/3) was followed by a dramatic disappearance of neoplastic tissue. Peritoneoscopy associated with needle biopsy proved extremely useful to provide objective evaluation of the response to chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Neocarzinostatin (NSC 157365) a new cancerostatic compound.

Neocarzinostatin is a new anticancer drug developed by Japanese investigators. In order to delineate the potential usefulness of this drug, we have reviewed the preclinical data and summarized the Japanese clinical data on 462 patients. The bulk of these patients had carcinoma of the stomach or pancreas and acute leukemia. Neocarzinostatin was administered intravenously in a daily dose of 2-3 mg for five to 15 day periods. Significant antitumor activity was observed in acute leukemia. A few responses were also reported in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but the drug was inactive against gastric carcinoma. The side effects observed included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, fever, and occasional hypersensitivity reactions. The Investigational Drug Branch of the National Cancer Institute has recently sponsored an investigational new drug application with the Food and Drug Administration, and phase I studies are expected to begin soon in the United States.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

EORTC randomized trial for the adjuvant therapy of T1 bladder carcinoma.

A randomized clinical trial was designed by the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) to compare the disease-free interval, the degree of malignancy of recurrence and the 5-year survival rate in stage I papillary carcinoma of the bladder after TUR only, and after TUR followed either by local thiotepa or by local VM 26 chemotherapy.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer: systemic use of single agents and combinations in advanced disease.

Chemotherapy of head and neck cancer has recently been receiving increasing attention as a treatment modality. The basis for this interest has been the availability of at least three agents with reproducible antitumor activity: methotrexate, bleomycin, and cisplatinum (diamminedichloroplatinum). These agents alone or in combination have been demonstrated to be of palliative value in patients whose disease recurs or is too advanced for other therapeutic modalities. Although the multiple drug regimens used have not been curative, their relative effectiveness has raised hopes that, in combination with other modalities, they may lead to improvements in survival and in local control in earlier stages of disease. In addition, as a result of multimodality approaches, it is hoped that it may be possible to identify the role of chemotherapy and specific agents in the treatment of various sites of origin of these tumors. The interaction of chemotherapy and radiation--and the use of intraarterial chemotherapy--fall beyond the scope of this review but constitute another important aspect for investigation in the treatment of these malignancies.

Bleomycin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical studies with a THC analog (BRL-4664) in the prevention of cisplatin-induced vomiting.

BRL-4664, a THC analog, has been administered to 23 patients at a dose of 10 or 15 mg repeated twice. All patients were on cisplatin therapy, and 16 of them had experienced severe vomiting during the previous course of cisplatin. There was a statistically significant difference between the group with prior cisplatin therapy and without prior therapy in terms of number of vomiting episodes, emphasizing the role of conditioned reflexes. The dose of 15 mg administered before and twice after the infusion of cisplatin was well tolerated. Only minor side effects were observed.

Antiemetics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overview of phase I trials of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) conducted on adult patients.

Ninety-two adult patients with AIDS or severe AIDS-related complex were treated with 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (didanosine; ddI) at dosages ranging from 0.8 to 66.0 mg/(kg.d) for at least 6 weeks in phase I trials. Potentially beneficial changes in weight (40% of patients), clinical signs or symptoms (40% of patients), CD4+ cell counts (25% of patients), and serum levels of HIV p24 antigen (50% of antigen-positive patients) were reported. Response rates tended to be higher among patients with AIDS-related complex and among those who had not received prior zidovudine therapy. A major response (improvement in at least one clinical parameter and in at least one laboratory marker) occurred in 29% of patients, and rates of major response tended to be higher in patients receiving higher dosages. The primary dose-limiting toxicity observed was peripheral neuropathy, which was observed with increasing frequency in patients receiving greater than 20 mg/(kg.d). Of the other adverse effects, pancreatitis was possibly dose-dependent and hyperuricemia (without clinical gout) occurred only at high doses. Dosages of 250 mg and 375 mg of ddI twice daily will be used in extended phase II/III studies.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man.

Administration of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) may be associated with a number of serious side effects, including nephrotoxicity, gastroeintestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), myelosuppression, and occasional transient elevations in liver function tests. In addition, ototoxicity (tinnitus and hearing loss), anaphylactic reactions, peripheral neuropathies, and hypomagnesemia with resulting tetany may also be encountered. The toxic potential of this new agent necessitates careful clinical monitoring during treatment.

Anemia↗