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Biomedical subjects

M Roth

Publications and source records attributed to M Roth.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Polyamine excretion in the urine of cancer patients.

The polyamines putrescine, spermine, spermidine and cadaverine were determined in the urine of 56 cancer patients, most of whom suffered from breast or lung tumours. The excretion of spermine and putrescine was increased versus controls in a group of various cancers with metastases. The excretion of spermine, spermidine and cadaverine was increased in lung cancer without metastases. Polyamines were analysed in the urine of six women with breast cancer, before and after mastectomy. The excretion of putrescine, spermine and cadaverine was lower 6 to 9 months after the operation than before.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The substantia innominata in Alzheimer's disease: an histochemical and biochemical study of cholinergic marker enzymes.

Acetylcholinesterase staining was examined in the substantia innominata of 3 normal human brains. Large intensely stained neurones were seen within the region of the basal nucleus of Meynert which is believed to be the origin of the cholinergic projection to the neocortex in animals. On the basis of the acetylcholinesterase staining pattern, the substantia innominata was dissected from post-mortem brain tissue of 19 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 16 controls so as to include the basal nucleus. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was found to be reduced in the substantia innominata and amygdala in AD but not in the adjacent lentiform nucleus and hypothalamus.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1982

Ocular effects of topical administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man.

delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or vehicle alone was applied topically to one eye of normal paid volunteers. Ocular and systemic toxic effects and intraocular responses were measured in different series. Toxicity was limited to minor conjunctival injection that was of short (less than 60 minutes) duration and occurred with both drug and vehicle alone. Subjective responses indicated a sensation of minor burning and/or tearing. No fall in intraocular pressure was found. A small (1 mm) but significant mydriasis occurred in both the treated eye and untreated eye and was not drug related. Single-drop administration of delta 9-THC did not, therefore, cause any significant ocular irritation or reduce IOP.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Are there borderlines in Britain? A cross-validation of US findings.

This study extends the series of investigations of the borderline concept to a British inpatient population. It compares patient's ratings and diagnoses according to DSM-III, the international Classification of Diseases, ninth version (ICD-9), Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory data. A subpopulation of British inpatients was identified by DIB and DSM-III borderline criteria. All were given ICD-9 personality disorder diagnoses by their British consulting psychiatrists. The date support the concept of borderline personality disorder in the sense that there is a significant level of agreement between the DIB and DSM-III diagnoses, but the clinical and psychometric differentiation of borderline from other types of personality disorders, as well as the interrelationship between the borderline personality disorder and a concomitant depressive state, remain to be demonstrated before the validity of the borderline concept is established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Genetic segregation in a high-yielding streptomycin-producing strain of Streptomyces griseus.

The streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus HP spontaneously segregated non-reverting derivatives with altered phenotypes. Clones characterized by increased spore formation and decreased streptomycin production were found. Two other types of derivatives were defective in aerial mycelium and streptomycin formation as well, but differed in the capacity to synthesize a yellow pigment. These derivatives were examined with respect to further properties. The stability of S. griseus HP was investigated in relation to conditions of continuous culture. Both at 26 and 30 degrees C, under glycerol and NH4Cl limitation a rapid segregation and enrichment of streptomycin-non-producing derivatives occurred. At 34 degrees C and glycerol limitation segregation began only after about 35 generations of continuous culture. In NH4Cl-limited chemostats the original strain was stable during 80 generations. In the course of the continuous culture experiments it was shown that the onset of genetic segregation within mycelia can be detected before it becomes obvious in colonies grown from the mycelia. This was achieved by fractionation of the mycelia by protoplast formation and subsequent plating on regeneration medium allowing colony growth and differentiation.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1982

Effect of l-valine and l-isoleucine on fatty acid composition of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and S. griseus.

The effects of L-valine and L-isoleucine on the composition of mycelial fatty acids were investigated during growth of differentiating parent strains of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces griseus as well as their non-differentiating derivatives (Amy-strains) on a synthetic medium. Both in the Amy+ and Amy- strains, in the presence of L-valine, the portion of the isopalmitic acid (iC16:0) increased, but the addition of L-isoleucine led to an elevated level of the 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (aC15:0). The results suggest that the genetically determined alterations in the ratio of both fatty acids in the non-differentiating derivatives may be due to specific changes in the biosynthetic pathways of both amino acid precursors rather than due to changes of their catabolism.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed1982

Studies in the relationship between depressive disorders and anxiety states. Part 1. Rating scales.

Systematic clinical examination, 7 rating scales for severity and the Newcastle Anxiety Depression Scale were applied in 117 patients with depressive, anxiety or phobic neurosis. "Endogenous" (autonomous) depressions were excluded. Principal component and discriminant function analysis were used to determine whether the depressive and anxiety syndromes could be differentiated from each other. With the aid of discriminant function analysis, separation of the 2 groups was achieved in the full sample and in 2 randomly derived sub-samples. The most powerful discriminators in all analyses were the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Newcastle Anxiety Depression Scale. Discriminant function analysis of the items from the Hamilton Depression Scale showed that it was possible to allocate 90% of the patients to the groups to which they had originally been classified by clinical diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies in the relationship between depressive disorders and anxiety states. Part 2. Clinical items.

A principal component analysis of the clinical items recorded on a standard proforma for 108 patients suffering from anxiety, depressive and phobic neurosis yielded 2 clinically important components. There was considerable overlap between diagnostic groups when patients' component scores were plotted but the degree of misclassification was reduced to about 18% following discriminant function analysis. For the first component the most important discriminators with depressive weighting were depressed mood and pessimistic outlook, whereas reactivity of depression and increased physiological responses carried anxiety weighting. In the second component depressed mood and pessimistic outlook were the highest depressive discriminators and highest positive anxiety ones were increased physiological responses, situational phobias and compulsive phenomena.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Further investigations into the relationship between depressive disorders and anxiety state.

Results of two investigations into the relationship between anxiety states and depressive disorders are summarized. In the first study (117 patients), which was confined to neurotic forms of depressive and/or anxious affective disorder, analysis of the findings derived from systematic clinical examination and eight rating scales, seven of them supposedly unidimensional measures of the severity of emotional disturbance, made it possible to achieve clear separation of the patient population into two groups both in the full sample and in two randomly derived subsamples. A number of rating scales have been shown to be effective tools for diagnostic discrimination within the affective disorders. The second enquiry (152 patients) covered the entire range of disorders of affect. Multivariate analyses of data derived from Present State Examination (P.S.E.) differentiated the patient population into three main groups: 1) endogenous depression; 2) neurotic depression; and 3) anxiety neuroses. There was 84% agreement between the classification of patients into the groups "anxiety state" and "depressive disorder" and separation of the 152 patients also was achieved with the aid of ratings on the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the Cattell 16 PF Battery.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1982

A post-mortem study of the cholinergic and GABA systems in senile dementia.

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration were measured in 19 cerebral cortical areas and 22 subcortical areas of brains from 26 control and 25 histologically proven cases of Alzheimer's disease. Reduced ChAt activity was observed in all the cortical areas examined in the Alzheimer cases dying before the median age of 79 years. In the Alzheimer cases aged greater than 79 years at death, 7 out of the 9 frontal cortical areas had a normal ChAT activity when compared with controls. Significant reductions in GABA concentrations in the Alzheimer cases were confined to the temporal cortex. Significant reductions in ChAT activity in subcortical areas were confined to 8 of the 22 regions examined. Notably these included the septal nuclei and substantia innominata, the proposed origins of the cholinergic projections to the hippocampus and neocortex, respectively. There were no reductions in GABA concentrations outside the cerebral cortex. Four multi-infarct cases and 6 cases with normal histology were found to have a small reduction in ChAT activity confined to only a few areas. The data are consistent with a predominant loss in Alzheimer's disease of the diffuse cholinergic projection from the brainstem and basal forebrain.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Genetic stability of differentiated functions in Streptomyces hygroscopicus in relation to conditions of continuous culture.

The genetic stability of the capacity of an improved strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus to produce the macrolide antibiotic turimycin was investigated during long-term continuous culture. Dilution rate, growth-limiting substrate and culture temperature were varied. Certain culture conditions resulted in the stable propagation of the inoculated turimycin-producing population. Other conditions led to segregation of the initial population. Turimycin non-producing phenotypes appeared, and in each case the simultaneous loss of ability to form aerial mycelium was observed. The non-differentiating clones were found to be stable, without any reversion to the parental phenotype, indicating that a loss of genetic information probably took place.

Ammonium Chloride↗