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Biomedical subjects

M Rost

Publications and source records attributed to M Rost.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prevention of bacterial endocarditis in Germany.

The goal of this study was to assess the current practice of endocarditis prophylaxis in Germany. We conducted a survey using a standardized questionnaire, which was sent to 100 hospital cardiologists, to 430 cardiologists in office practice and to 389 dentists and oral surgeons. In addition, 364 patients with valvular or congenital heart disease were interviewed in our outpatient clinic. Seventy five percent of cardiologists informed their patients by both written and oral instructions. Half recommended the use of penicillin, according to the German Society of Cardiology, while the rest followed recommendations of other societies. Sixty-three percent of patients who had undergone a procedure requiring prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis within the year prior to the questionnaire, had actually received it. This is higher than previously reported, but is far from acceptable. The indications for prevention of endocarditis, as seen by the dentists, deviated markedly from official recommendations. Although 77% administered antibiotics themselves, in only 57% did the type of prophylaxis applied correspond to one of the available recommendations. Recommendations on the prevention of bacterial endocarditis are not well known dentists and oral surgeons who perform procedures for which it is indicated. Further patient- and physician-oriented strategies are urgently needed to improve compliance with prevention of endocarditis in Germany.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

The ambiguous effect of ascorbic acid on chromate induced proteinuria in rats.

The influence of ascorbic acid (AA, 5 g/kg body weight) on chromate (Cr, 10 mg/kg) induced proteinuria, which is a sensitive parameter of its nephrotoxicity, was investigated in adult female Wistar rats. The concentrations of Cr and ascorbic acid (AA) were determined in renal tissue. Cr nephrotoxicity is related to its intracellular reduction from Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Proteinuria was completely prevented by enhancement of extracellular reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) followed by rapid renal excretion when Cr and AA were given concomitantly. With an interval up to 1 h between Cr and AA, proteinuria was decreased probably by the radical scavenging function of AA. At an interval of 3 h AA enhanced Cr toxicity by increased intracellular Cr reduction. If the interval was increased to 5 h or if Cr was given 24 h after AA, no influence of AA could be detected. Our results confirm that AA is a very effective reductant of Cr which can influence Cr nephrotoxicity in very high concentrations. It depends on the interval between Cr and AA administration whether or not there is a beneficial effect of AA in Cr nephrotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Clinical study on the effect of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride on exposed root surfaces.

The aim of this study was to assess the remineralizing effect of an amine fluoride (AmF)- and stannous fluoride (SnF2)-containing toothpaste and mouthrinse on exposed root surfaces. A total of 44 adults participated in the 20-week, double-blind study and were grouped as follows: (1) 20 participants (mean age 45.7 years) used an AmF/SnF2 experimental toothpaste plus AmF/SnF2 (Meridol) mouthwash, and (2) 24 participants (mean age 48.8 years) used an NaF-containing toothpaste and mouthrinse. Root caries index (RCI) and root surface scores were determined by a modified method of Katz (J Dent Res, 1984). RCI mean values showed decreases of approximately 47% in the AmF/SnF2 group, and 10% in the NaF group. With respect to root caries scores, the number of persons with decreased softened (non-carious) surfaces between the baseline and control examinations was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) in the AmF/SnF2 group but not significant in the NaF group. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the results of the groups favored the AmF/SnF2 subgroup. Thus, the data point to a possible remineralizing effect of topically applied AmF/SnF2 on softened root caries surfaces.

Amines↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of mouthwashes containing amino-fluoride and stannous fluoride on plaque formation and gingivitis in adults].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of amine fluoride (AmF)--stannous fluoride (SnF2) containing toothpaste and mouthrinsing on dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis. The examinations were performed on two groups of 20 (using AmF/SnF2)-, resp. 24 (using NaF) participants. The mean age was 45.6-, resp. 48.8 years. The duration of the study was five months. Toothbrushing was performed with standardized (multi-effect) toothbrushes, and after it mouthrinsing twice a day. Dental plaque was scored with the Plaque Index of Silness and Löe (1964) and gingivitis was assessed by the modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (Mühlemann and Son 1971) Plaque Index mean values showed a significant decreased in both groups (p less than 0.01). The reduction in the AmF/SnF2 group was more pronounced (63.7%) than in the NaF group (39.3%). The Sulcus-Bleeding Index mean values decreased also significantly in both groups (p less than 0.01). The decrease in the AmF/SnF2 group was 56.5% and in the NaF group 39.0%. CONCLUSION: in the course of a five-month's period AmF/SnF2 containing toothpaste and mouthrinsing had better clinical effect on plaque accumulation and gingivitis than NaF containing toothpaste and mouthrinsing.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Fluid crystals of cholesterol-a new aid in the study of circulation].

A measuring method for model investigations is described. It is suitable for the velocity measurement and for evidence of strong local distortions of the velocity profile. The basis for this method are the regularities of the heat transport in streaming fluids. It was tested on silicone tube branches with a straight main branch. Clinically interesting induced flows can be produced if the flow is interrupted in one branch. A limited fluid exchange takes place in the closed branch then. This is important for the diagnostic and the planning of vascular surgery measures.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1976

An improved method for staining cells of the endocrine polypeptide (APUD) series by masked metachromasia: application of the principle of 'fixation by excluded volume'.

Masked metachromasia is demonstrated by staining with a metachromatic basic dye, after acid hydrolysis of suitably fixed tissue. We report that the addition of 20% Carbowax 20M (an inert polyer, mol. wt. about 20,000) to the hydrolysis mixture improved the reaction. The improved method gives increased metachromasia , greater tolerance to variations in hydrolysis conditions, and demonstrates a greater proportion of cells--presumably due to a lower threshold of sensitivity. Lower molecular weight polymers (Carbowax 1000, Carbowax 6000) are less effective.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What do we measure with luminol-, lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence? 1. Investigations with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite.

Evidence is provided that the amplifiers luminol and lucigenin react with different reactive oxygen species (ROS), depending on the ROS-generating system used. H2O2 is used to produce calibration curves for luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence. With this chemiluminescence generator we characterized the specificity and sensitivity of luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence and also studied penicillin G, a known enhancer of luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. The combination of luminol and lucigenin in reciprocally changing concentrations is effective in an additive manner, but the weak amplifier penicillin increases luminol-amplified chemiluminescence distinctly more than in an additive manner in different combinations. Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence is increased by penicillin at about 1% of the optimum concentration of penicillin; increasing concentrations of penicillin are less and less effective. On the other hand, low lucigenin concentrations enhance penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence at optimum penicillin concentrations more than in an additive manner. Fe2+ does not alter luminol-, lucigenin- or penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence. Co2+ increases luminol-amplified chemiluminescence by a factor of 100. Lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence are minimally enhanced by Co2+. Cu2+ enhances luminol-amplified chemiluminescence with increasing concentrations by a factor of 1000. Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence increases also by the factor of 1000, but the concentration-reaction curve is not as steep. NaOCl enhances H2O2/Fe(2+)-driven luminol-amplified chemiluminescence in a concentration-dependent manner by a factor of 10(4) (in the highest concentration of 10 mmol/L) and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence only by a factor of about 25. Catalase (CAT) abolishes luminol-, lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence completely, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) has no effect on luminol- or penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence, but enhances lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence five-fold increasingly with increasing SOD activity.

Acridines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial effect of acetylcysteine on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats.

The influence of acetylcysteine (ac-cys) on cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity was investigated in female Wistar rats. Administration of 0.6 mg CP 100 g-1 body wt. was followed by oliguria and proteinuria, as well as a significant increase of blood urea nitrogen concentration. The i.p. administration of 0.6 mg CP 100 g-1 body wt. concomitantly with 100 mg ac-cys 100 g-1 body wt. s.c. completely abolished the nephrotoxic effects of CP. However, following this, the Pt concentration in kidney was decreased significantly by ac-cys treatment. This was caused by the enhanced urinary excretion of Pt. The same effect on CP nephrotoxicity appeared when CP and ac-cys were dissolved together in solution prior to injection. It could be shown that in this solution a ligand exchange reaction of CP by ac-cys started immediately, resulting in increased renal excretion and decreased Pt concentration in kidney. From our results we concluded that the protective effect of ac-cys on CP nephrotoxicity is based on the formation of a complex unsuitable for tubular reabsorption.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the effectiveness of amine fluoride and stannous fluoride containing toothpaste and mouthwash].

AmF and SnF2 containing toothpastes (equally 750 ppm F-) and mouthrinses (equally 125 ppm F-) from the GABA International Agency were tested. After a five month treatment period (daily two times tooth cleaning), in the saliva of the examined persons the germ counts of the S. mutans and Lactobacillus showed a decreasing tendency, though the change was not statistically significant. The control group used NaF containing cleaners (toothpaste; 1500 ppm F-, mouthrinse; 250 ppm F-) for also a five month treatment period. Within this group the germ counts of the microorganisms of the examined saliva did not change markedly.

Amines↗