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Biomedical subjects

M Rossi

Publications and source records attributed to M Rossi.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison between ionic and non ionic contrast media in fast injection nephro-urography (author's transl)].

The authors judged the quality of the films in two groups of patients who underwent fast injection nephro-urography with iopamidol and meglumine sodium diatrizoate. The scores ascribed to the urograms obtained with the two contrast media have been compared. The ionic contrast medium got a higher score, at it allowed a better evaluation of ureters and bladder. Tolerability of the two contrast media has been evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic effects of ribostamycin in postoperative antibiotic treatment. Comparisons and results].

20 patients have been treated, 10 with ribostamycin sulphate, 5 with gentamycin and 5 with sodium cephalotin. Patients were selected at random from those who had undergone abdominal, thoracic or cervical operations. Doses were 1000-2000 mg i.m. for ribostamycin, 4-8 g i.v. for cephalotin, and 160-240 mg i.m. for gentamycin. Mean treatment time was 12.5 days. Indices of therapeutic activity, parameters of liver and renal function and otovestibular function are indicated. The therapeutic activity of ribostamycin was very good and no side-effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acetazolamide treatment of a newborn infant with posthemorrhagic cerebral ventricular dilatation].

We report a case of a male newborn delivered by vacuum at 40 weeks of gestation, who presented perinatal asphyxia, neonatal seizures and ventricular posthemorrhagic dilatation. The newborn was treated with Acetazolamide for 45 days until the reduction of the ventricular dilatation. This case shows the efficacy and the absence of collateral effects of Acetazolamide. This therapy suggests that it may be used as an alternative or an adjunct to lumbar punctures. The pharmacol treatment in the posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation has not been well studied and there are a few related cases in the literature.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of physical activity on the cardiovascular autonomic function in the aged].

The objective of this trial was to evaluate whether cardiovascular vagal-sympathetic relationship, which is expected to be decreased in the elderly, can be modified by physical activity performed in advanced age. Cardiovascular autonomic function, as assessed by heart rate and arterial blood pressure during lying to standing, deep breathing, handgrip isometric stress test and Valsalva manoeuver, was estimated through Ewing's test in 10 sedentary healthy elderly subjects (mean age 68 +/- 3.1) compared to 10 long-distance runners of the same age (mean age 69 +/- 4.6). The endurance athletes, suitable for competition, had been practicing sport activity for a long time. Moreover in order to evaluate the influence of physical activity on cardiovascular response to exertion in the elderly all subjects were submitted to maximal electrocardiographic exercise test on a cycloergometer (multistage program with 30 watt x 3 min. steps). Heart rate, arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded; double product was calculated at baseline; furthermore, total and maximal watts were recorded. For each of the parameters, Student's "t" test for independent observations was used in order to evaluate statistical differences among the two groups. Our data exhibited better results in cardiovascular reflex response due to parasympathetic (Valsalva and deep breathing test) neurovegetative modulation in the trained subjects with respect to the sedentary controls: Valsalva ratio (VR) = 2.04 +/- 0.44 vs 1.40 +/- 0.18 p < 0.001); deep breathing test (FC) = 23.6 +/- 6.2 vs 15.1 +/- 2.5 p < 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of low-dose neostigmine in the treatment of sinus tachycardia during aortocoronary bypass].

Thirteen patients, who underwent surgery for myocardial revascularization, were given neostigmine, 0.25-1 mg i.v., in order to control intraoperative sinus tachycardia. Three minutes after the administration, the drug was effective in all patients, by decreasing the heart rate and improving the indices of the risk of myocardial ischemia. Seven minutes later the heart rate decreased further. In 5 patients out of 13, short periods of bradycardia were observed during surgical compression or dislocation of the heart. As cardiac rate decreased, P and T waves and ST, QT, and QTc intervals lengthened without reaching pathological levels. Three minutes after neostigmine, the stroke volume was unchanged in spite of the decrease of the heart rate; consequently cardiac index decreased. Seven minutes later a slight increase of the stroke volume balanced the further decrease of the heart rate; so cardiac index did not change any more. Arterial pressure decreased slightly after neostigmine whereas systemic vascular resistance was unaffected. Also central venous pressure did not change while pulmonary capillary wedge pressure showed a small increase 10 minutes after neostigmine. Finally airway resistance did not change significantly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biliary ileus. Case report and therapeutic considerations].

The authors, after having described, a case of biliary ileus, analyse the principal pathogenetic aspects of the disease, and underline the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. They believe that the simple enterolithotomy represents, initially, the best therapy, in particular with patients in poor clinical conditions.

Biliary Fistula↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune effects of preoperative immunotherapy with high-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 versus neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose interleukin-2 plus the neurohormone melatonin in gastrointestinal tract tumor patients.

Surgery-induced immunosuppression could influence tumor/host interactions in surgically treated cancer patients. Previous studies have shown that high-dose IL-2 preoperative therapy may neutralize surgery-induced lymphocytopenia. Moreover, experimental studies have demonstrated that the immunomodulating neurohormone melatonin (MLT) may amplify IL-2 activity and reduce its dose required to activate the immune system. On this basis, we have compared the immune effects of presurgical therapy with high-dose IL-2 with respect to those obtained with preoperative neuroimmunotherapy consisting of low-dose IL-2 plus MLT. The study included 30 patients with gastrointestinal tract tumors, who were randomized to undergo surgery alone, or surgery plus a preoperative biotherapy with high-dose IL-2 (18 million IU/day subcutaneously for 3 days) or low-dose IL-2 (6 million IU/day subcutaneously for 5 days) plus MLT (40 mg/day orally). Patients underwent surgery within 36 hours from IL-2 interruption. Both IL-2 plus MLT were able to prevent surgery-induced lymphocytopenia. However, mean number of lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and T helper lymphocytes observed on day 1 of postoperative period was significantly higher in patients treated with IL-2 plus MLT than in those receiving IL-2 alone. Moreover, toxicity was less in patients treated with IL-2 and MLT. This biological study shows that both immunotherapy with high-dose IL-2 or neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose IL-2 plus MLT preoperatively are tolerated biotherapies, capable of neutralizing surgery-induced lymphocytopenia in cancer patients. Moreover, the study would suggest that the neuroimmunotherapy may induce a more rapid effect on postoperative immune changes with respect to IL-2 alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of sequential, in vitro passage on secretion of matrix metalloproteinases by human brain tumour cells.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-dependent enzymes which degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play an important role in facilitating tumour cell invasion of the normal brain. The family includes the gelatinases, stromelysins and collagenases. Preliminary studies have shown that there is a differential expression four metalloproteinases in human brain tumour cell lines derived from neoplasms of various histological types and grades of malignancy. Morphological and antigenic changes in human glioma-derived cell lines over many serial in vitro passages have been reported in earlier studies. When established cell lines are maintained in culture over a long period, it is possible that the secretion of enzymes such as metalloproteinases may differ according to the passage level examined. This report presents a study on the secretion of four matrix metalloproteinases - interstitial collagenase (MMP-), 72-kDa and 92-kDa gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9 respectively), and stromelysin (MMP-3) - in three human brain tumour-derived cell lines at sequentially increasing passage numbers, ranging from passage 2 to passage 50; foetal astrocytes were used as a positive control. Reverse zymography and substrate degradation analysis were employed to demonstrate the presence of these enzymes in cell- conditioned culture medium. Aminophenyl mercuric acetate (APMA) was used to activate latent zymogen. Results demonstrate that there is no definite pattern of change in the levels of enzyme secretion common to all cell lines studied. Instead, the fluctuations in APMA- activated metalloproteinase activity in serial passage seems to vary considerably depending on the cell line and the type of enzyme studied. The variation in metalloproteinase expression observed on serial passage may be due to in vitro selection processes or karyotype evolution where the transcription of either the enzyme and/or its inhibitor may be affected. Thus an imbalance of the two products could be occurring in serial passage. Ideally, experiments requiring the measurement of relative enzyme activities should use cultures as near to the biopsy stage as possible, i.e. very low passages, to avoid artifacts that may arise on prolonged culturing.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical staging of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Analysis of treatment and survival.

The records of patients treated for vulvar carcinoma at the University of Milan from January 1967 through December 1991 have been studied retrospectively, making an analysis of the results of surgical staging in terms of prognosis, morbidity and long-term survival. All cases have been reevaluated and restaged according to the 1988 FIGO classification of vulvar cancer, considering 196 cases of primary invasive vulvar squamous carcinoma. Surgical treatments have been divided according to radicality. Ninety-five per cent of patients underwent radical vulvectomy with different degrees of lymphadenectomy. Surgical mortality rate amounted to 2%. Surgical staging has not been related to increased early or late morbidity. Overall recurrence rate amounted to 19.9% without significant differences among FIGO stages. Five-year survivals amounted to 100%, 86.2%, 59.4%, 29.8%, and 20% for stages I, II, III, IVA and IVB respectively. Accurate surgical staging of vulvar carcinoma enables a precise prognosis and does not increase morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myotomy of the esophageal body].

Extramucosal myotomy involving the external longitudinal and internal circular layers of the musculature of the esophagus represent the surgical therapy in patients with dysphagia and regurgitation or with angina-like chest pain secondary to functional abnormalities of the musculature of the esophagel body and sphincters. Surgery has a palliative function, because cures symptoms and complication such a diverticula, but not the disease. Modern surgical techniques also prevent recurrence of symptoms and complications are minimal with better long-term results than conservative therapy. Myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter extended to the distal part of the esophageal body (Heller's operation) is performed as first choice or following insucces of dilatation in patients with primary achalasia of the esophagus, using a trans-abdominal or a trans-thoracic approach. Myotomy of the upper esophageal sphincter is indicated in patients with Zenker's diverticulum following diverticulectomy or diverticulopessy. Segmental myotomies are performed after diverticulectomy in patients with epiphrenic pulsion diverticula. Trans-thoracic "long" esophageal myotomy performed from the thoracic portion of the lower esophageal sphincter to the aortic arch is indicated in patients with diffuse esophageal spasm and nutcracker esophagus and sometimes in patients with aspecific abnormalities of the esophageal motor function associated with diverticula. Circular miotomies limited to the external longitudinal layer of the esophageal musculature can be performed at the level of anastomosis in order to gain tissue and reduce tissutal tension. The recent introduction of the endoscopic surgery allowed some of these operations to be performed through minimally invasive approaches. Therefore laparoscopic and thoracoscopic Heller's myotomy is feasible with clinical and functional results similar to those obtained with traditional open approach and with less postoperative discomfort and shorter hospital stay. This paper deals with the indications and surgical techniques of myotomies of the esophageal body both limited and extended to the lower esophageal sphincter.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of acid gastroesophageal reflux].

Recently, it has been demonstrated that the surgical treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease is superior to the medical treatment. Further, the surgical treatment gained new popularity because of the introduction and diffusion of laparoscopic techniques. A careful definition of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, based on the underlying pathophysiological abnormality (i.e.: an increased exposure of the distal esophagus to the refluxed acid juice), and a proper selection of patients candidate to surgery must however be maintained, together with a proper surgical technique, in order to achieve satisfactory results. In this paper, the authors outline in this paper the general principles of anti-reflux surgery and review the most recent results obtained with Nissen fundoplication as well as with other antireflux procedures. They describe in detail the surgical technique of the Nissen fundoplication ("Floppy" Nissen) by a laparoscopic approach. They review their experience in this with 15 operations performed since June 1992, and report the results of an Italian multicentric survey study on laparoscopic surgery for gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Recent series appeared in Literature are also reviewed. In conclusion, the authors underline the need for careful prospective studies and long-term clinical and functional follow-up of patients undergoing laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery before drawing definitive conclusions on its efficacy. However, early results seem to be really promising.

Fundoplication↗