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Biomedical subjects

M Rosenthal

Publications and source records attributed to M Rosenthal.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The value of radiographical examination for the evaluation adjuvant disease in the rat (author's transl)].

Radiographical examinations of the rat with adjuvant disease reveal characteristic changes in the joints and soft tissues which are useful for the evaluation of this experimental arthritis model. Sequential radiographical analysis with estimation of radiological joint score allows a close follow-up of the disease, which parallels some clinical parameters. Being objective and easy to be documented this method shows several advantages over the conventional evaluation methods. Furthermore, it enables an insight into the paraarticular and spine involvement, which otherwise remains uncovered. The radiographical evaluations might provide some additional and eventually essential information in the study of some drug effect in this disease. Our data should encourage the use of this method for the evaluation of the adjuvant disease in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Community-based genetic education, communication channels, and knowledge of Tay-Sachs disease.

In the planning of community-based genetics education campaigns, we cannot assume the existence of a single-minded, passively receptive public, simply waiting to be "educated." Rather, we must consider the impact of preexisting circumstances, notably the differential life-status conditions, the special concerns, and individual motivations of the persons to be educated on their search for information that matters to them. Messages promulgated by mass media educational campaigns on issues in genetics typically do not fall on a homogeneous mass of equally responsive ears and eyes, even if the target population superficially appears to be homogeneous and preselected. Especially institutional sources, (e.g., schools and general education) for males, and social relations (e.g., informal contact among friends) for females are crucial strategic variables affecting transmission and reception of knowledge of Tay-Sachs disease.

Communication↗
PubMed1977

Enhanced phagocytosis of immune complexes in pregnancy.

Utilizing an in vitro immunofluorescence phagocytosis assay for the detection of circulating immune complexes sera from pregnant women, from women taking contraceptive agents and age-matched controls were tested for their effect on the phagocytosis of immune complexes by normal peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). Immune complexes present in the serum of a patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and heat-aggregated IgG (COHN fraction II) were used as substrate. A significant enhancement of the phagocytosis of immune complexes by PMN in the presence of increasing amounts of pregnancy serum was seen using rheumatoid arthritis serum as well as heat-aggregated IgG. Serum from patients taking contraceptive drugs and controls showed no effect on the phagocytosis of such complexes in vitro. These observations suggest that pregnancy serum contains factors which enhance the phagocytosis of immune complexes possibly resulting in an increased clearance of such complexes. The commonly seen improvement of rheumatic diseases in the course of pregnancy might at least partially be due to this mechanism.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1976

[Therapy of inflammatory-rheumatic diseases with levamisol, an immunity modulating substance].

Since cellular and humoral immune mechanisms were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, efforts have been made to influence these systems therapeutically. Aside from suppression of the immune response, studies have been conducted to evaluate to what extent immunostimulation might be of value in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Levamisole, chemically a simple synthetic agent recently shown to have immunorestorative capacities in anergic cancer patients, has been administered in several rheumatic diseases. The drug was administered either continuously or intermittently in a daily dose of 150 mg over several months. In about half of the rheumatoid arthritis patients a significant improvement was noted. Beneficial effects and sometimes even dramatic improvement lere observed in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome. Levamisole did not alter the course of psoriatic arthritis. Significant adverse reactions were leukopenia and allergic skin reactions. Other side effects were mild and did not require interruption of drug intake. The use of levamisole in rheumatic diseases is still experimental, but with accumulating experience it may provide a true improvement in control of rheumatic diseases.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1976

[Demonstration and analysis of immune complexes in rheumatic diseases].

By means of an immunofluorescence technique, immune complexes have been demonstrated in circulating blood leukocytes, in serum and in joint effusions of patients with various rheumatic diseases. Such complexes are present within cell inclusions in about 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA patients has immune complexes in serum in 75% of cases and in joint effusions in over 80% of cases. Soluble immune complexes were demonstrated in the serum of about 30% of age-matched patients with degenerative joint disease, while such complexes are present in the serum of only 1.5% of a younger, normal control group. The immune complexes chiefly contain IgG, frequently IgM and only rarely IgA. CO complement component can frequently be demonstrated within such complexes. In RA patients a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.001) could be established between the presence of soluble immune complexes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, but no correlation was observed between the presence of such complexes and the Lansbury joint index. The possible pathogenetic role of immune complex clearance by circulating leukocytes in rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1976

Effects of respiratory gases on cytochrome A in intact cerebral cortex: is there a critical Po2?

Changes in the redox level of cytochrome a and in the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin were measured by dual wavelength reflectance spectrophotometry in the intact cerebral cortex of cats (cerveau isolé preparation) and in unanesthetized rabbits with chronically implanted cranial windows. Increases in inspired oxygen were accompanied by an increase in the oxidation level of cytochrome a and an increase in the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the optical field. These changes were larger in the presence of 5% CO2. Reduction of the inspired oxygen concentration produced a decrease in the oxidation/reduction ratio of cytochrome a and a disoxygenation of hemoglobin. The presence of CO2 at these lower oxygen levels diminished the reduction of cytochrome a and the disoxygenation of hemoglobin. These data indicate that, in the resting subject, the reduction levels of cytochrome a are well above the low values seen in isolated mitochondria. They also indicate that the blood supply to the cerebral cortex is regulated at a level of slight hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Potassium, neuroglia, and oxidative metabolism in central gray matter.

Reviewed is the author's investigation of potassium in extracellular fluid of cerebral neocortex and spinal cord determined with ion-selective microelectrodes, and of oxidative metabolism monitored by fluorometric determination of intramitochondrial NADH in intact cortex. When gray matter is excited by afferent input, or by direct electrical stimulation, the logarithm of the rise of extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]0), the sustained shift of electrical potential, and the response of oxidative metabolism are linearly correlated. However, during seizures and during spreading depression, the correlation is broken, suggesting that the demand for oxidative energy exceeds that corresponding to the elevation of [K+]0. There exists a critical concentration of [K+]0 at which spreading depression inevitably erupts (12 mM for cat cerveau isole), but no such critical level could be detected for seizures. The rate of clearance of excess potassium from extracellular fluid is slower for high concentrations than for low; this rate is further slowed by the administration of phenobarbital, and possibly also of diphenylhydantoin. Changes of membrane potential of glia cells in the mammalian spinal cord can adequately be described by the Nernst equation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[The Sharp syndrome ("mixed connective tissue disease")].

A new and distinct rheumatic disease with features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis and polymyositis is described. Typical symptons are Raynaud's syndrome, swollen hands and fingers, polyarthritis or polyarthralgia and myositis. Other symptoms are less common and include skin lesions, decreased pulmonary diffusing capacity, diminished esophageal motility, lymphadenopathy, and polyserositis. The diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) can be established by demonstration of a high titer of antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against extractable nuclear antigen (anti-ENA). Both antibodies are directed against ribonuclease-sensitive antigen substrate, which permits differentiation of patients with MCTD from those with other rheumatic diseases. A relatively favourable prognosis and a good response to corticoid medication are further characteristics of this disease. Three personally observed patients with MCTD are described.

Adult↗