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Biomedical subjects

M Rosenthal

Publications and source records attributed to M Rosenthal.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Age and immunity: III. Circulating immune complexes in different age groups (author's transl)].

Circulating immune complexes were determined utilizing an immunofluorescence technique in sera of 271 healthy donors in different age groups. Practically no immune complexes were detected up to the age of 60. Among the donors ranging in age between 60 and 70 years, 20% revealed immune complexes in their sera. The incidence of circulating immune complexes increased up to 33% among the individuals between 70 and 75 years of age and up to 40% among those over 76 years. In view of earlier findings of decreased numerical and functional capacities of peripheral blood lymphocytes and functional capacities of peripheral blood lymphocytes and increased incidence of auto-antibodies, the observation, that the incidence of circulating immune complexes increases with age seems to support the hypothesis of an age-dependent immunological impairment. To what extent such an immunological insufficiency plays a role in the general aging process remains unknown. It can, however, explain some of the auto-immune diseases seen frequently among the elderly population.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of age and lung pathology on cytochrome a,a3 redox levels in rat cerebral cortex.

The steady-state reduction/oxidation (redox) ratio of cytochrome a,a3 in the non-stressed or 'resting' cerebral cortex was compared in 'healthy' mature and aged rats and in animals with varying degrees of lung pathology present. By using noninvasive dual wavelength spectrophotometry, cytochrome a,a3 was found to be approximately 30% reduced under 'resting' conditions in both mature and 'aged' brain. Although no significant age-related or strain differences were apparent, the 'resting' redox level of cytochrome a,a3 was markedly affected by the presence of lung pathology. The redox ratio was lower in animals where lung lesion involvement was not extensive, and higher (indicative or cellular hypoxia) in animals having both extensive acute and chronic lung pathology. These studies demonstate that, regardless of age or lung pathology, the cortical cytochrome a,a3 redox state is labile to changes in the amount of inspired oxygen, a condition differing from that of isolated mitochondria. These results indicate that dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is not a direct or primary consequence of chronlogical aging in the 'resting' brain.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

[Lymphocyte stimulation in various age groups].

The study of lymphocyte functions is of great significance for evaluation of the immune response. One of the most valuable assays being the mitogenic response of lymphocytes to different antigens or mitogens, the question of the extent to which lymphocyte response decreased with advancing age has been studied. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals aged 21 to 97 years were assayed for the blastogenic response to different mitogens. A significant age-dependent reduction of lymphocyte stimulation could be observed with two of the three mitogens tested. Since these mitogens in the concentrations used are mainly T lymphocyte stimulators, it can be concluded that an age-dependent reduction in T lymphocyte functions is present. These findings are not only of diagnostic significance but also have therapeutic implications for all geriatric diseases in which immunity may play a role. Furthermore, the experiments described show that the lymphocyte transformation assay with different mitogens is a simple reproducible assay which has its place in every routine evaluation of the immune response system.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Age and immunity. I. Lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood in various age groups (author's transl)].

The total lymphocyte count and the different lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in peripheral blood of healthy probands aged 20 to 90 years. With increasing age there is a slow decrease of the total lymphocyte count and of the subpopulations. This was most evident in the decrease in thymus dependent lymphocytes (T cells) which carry cellular immunity. These results support the assumption that with increasing age cellular immunity is clearly reduced and may possibly be associated with an increased incidence of neoplasia, infection, and auto-immune disease. Estimations of lymphocytes and their subpopulations in peripheral blood allow some conclusions as to the immunological resistance which is largely dependent on these cells. Estimation of the number of circulating lymphocytes in relation to age is thus indispensable for the assessment of the immunological reactivity of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Behaviour of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vivo.

The interrelation of neuronal function and oxidative metabolism of the brain is most incisively studied by optical techniques in vivo. When O2 becomes limited the respiratory chain becomes reduced, extracellular potassium activity is increased, the EEG is depressed and excitability declines, all as expected. Under mildly hyperoxic conditions however, the opposite responses occur, which indicate an absence of a critical tissue Po2 and a continuum of dependence on the O2 concentration, including levels well above the limits for maximal activity of the respiratory chain in isolated mitochondria in vivo. The unexpectedly high steady state of reduction of cytochrome a, a3 provides the basis for a new hypothesis of an extra energy conservation site between cytochrome a3 and O2 and leads to a consideration of a reaction mechanism of O2 with four electrons and four H+ ions occurring at an enzymically active centre of cytochrome a, a3. A special function of the cytochrome a, a3 complex is implied in regulating cellular K+ transport and thus excitability.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Quality assurance in a neighborhood health center: dental services.

A method for assessing the quality of dental care in neighborhood health centers has been presented. The audit uses implicit review for the evaluation of the overall process of dental care and explicit review for the technical component of the clinical audit and the evaluation of the dental record. This combined approach is favored over a totally explicit audit because it is more flexible and efficient and less threatening to the dentist. Although the "soft" structure of this audit could be criticized, the major issue is that a useable, simple quality assurance mechanism has been successfully used to improved the quality of dental care. Modifications of criteria will certainly evolve as quality assurance mechanisms improve.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

[Juvenile Sharp syndrome (mixed connective tissue disease)].

Five children with Sharp syndrome are described presenting a non-erosive polyarthritis, hand and finger swelling, Raynaud phenomenon, myositis, dermatomyositis or SLE-like rash. Characteristic laboratory findings are, apart from elevated sedimentation rate, anemia and leucopenia, high titer IgM rheumatoid factors and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The latter show speckled pattern, contain IgG, bind complement components and are directed against ribonuclease-sensitive nuclear antigens. All patients have antibodies against the so-called extractable nuclear antigens (Anti-ENA) and antibodies against ribonucleoproteins (Anti-RNP). Since children with Sharp syndrome rarely show renal or cerebral involvement, the prognosis seems to be fairly good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A critical review of the effect of levamisole in rheumatic diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis.

Levamisole has been used in several rheumatic diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis/dermatomyositis, scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Most of the published data have either been case reports including very few patients or have been concerned with specific clinical or laboratory assessments. It was therefore very difficult to make any reliable evaluation of the effect of levamisole in these conditions. Levamisole might have had some beneficial effect in some of the diseases listed but properly conducted, controlled trials are necessary before any definitive assessment can be made.

Adult↗