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Biomedical subjects

M Rosen

Publications and source records attributed to M Rosen.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Early stages of the pathogenesis of rat ventral prostate hyperplasia induced by citral.

Typical lesions of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were induced experimentally in the ventral prostate of adolescent (6 week old) male rats by citral, a nonsteroidal compound. Incipient BPH changes were already observed in the acinar glands 10 days after citral administration. A longer period of treatment (1 month) significantly enhanced epithelial hyperplasia, whereas the stromal elements were less reactive. Characteristic BPH lesions involving both prostatic compartments were found after 3 months of treatment. Castration prior to citral administration prevented such BPH changes; however, citral did not prevent the involutive lesions of castration. The mechanism of action of citral is yet unknown, various possibilities concerning the induction of BPH in rats are presented and discussed. The potential advantage of this model, especially as BPH is not necessarily linked to age or exogenous hormones, may offer new alternative pathways for understanding the complexity of BPH pathogenesis in animals and perhaps even in man.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed1986

The inotropic effects of amrinone and milrinone on neonatal and young canine cardiac muscle.

Standard techniques were used to study developmental changes in the effects of amrinone and milrinone on contractile properties of isolated canine cardiac papillary and trabecular muscle. In contrast to milrinone, which induced a positive inotropic effect, amrinone had a negative inotropic effect on the neonatal canine muscles studied. For both drugs there was an age-dependent increase in contractility beyond the neonatal period. The negative inotropic effect of amrinone was not related to a change in phosphodiesterase inhibition, although developmental changes in phosphodiesterase inhibition did occur. These results highlight the differences in the mechanism of action of two similar molecules. They also suggest that use of amrinone as an inotropic agent in the early neonatal period should be viewed with caution.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

An attempt to develop a model to study the effects of intrathecal steroids.

An attempt has been made to develop a chronic inflammatory arachnoiditis model in the rat to study the influence of subarachnoid or epidural steroids. Through chronically implanted catheters in Wistar rats (250-350 g), either triamcinolone (3.5-350 micrograms) or methylprednisolone (3.5-350 micrograms) was injected intrathecally, daily for 7 days or weekly for 7 weeks. Some rats also received 100 mg kg-1 cefoxitin and 0.5 mg deoxycortone by intramuscular injection. Equivalent control groups were included. High doses of intrathecal steroids caused marked weight loss and infection and many rats died. These effects were mitigated at a lower dosage especially by the addition of cefoxitin and deoxycortone. The effects of triamcinolone were more marked than those of methylprednisolone. No systematic histological evidence of neurotoxicity was observed after either steroid. Injections of talc failed to cause arachnoiditis or meningitis probably because sufficient particulate talc could not be injected through the narrow catheter.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serial measurement of renal plasma flow.

Effective renal plasma flow was measured two or three times in 1 h in 12 healthy volunteers. Radiohippuran (ortho-iodohippurate) was injected intravenously, and blood samples were obtained 8, 13 and 18 min post-administration. The problem of interference in succeeding measurements by activity from preceding injections was overcome by the use of three different radiolabels. These were, in order of use, 125I, 123I and 131I. The principal energies of gamma- and/or X-ray emission were 30, 160 and 365 KeV, respectively, allowing completely independent assay. A close correlation was observed between the results obtained for the three radionuclides over a wide range of renal plasma flow. The technique is relatively non-invasive and is presented as a suitable method for the important task of measuring renal plasma flow under the influence of drugs, especially of anaesthetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of propranolol during pregnancy and development of rats. II. Adverse effects on development.

High doses of propranolol administered to rats during pregnancy and lactation cause inhibition of growth of the neonatal rats. Growth remains inhibited if drug treatment is continued after weaning. Cessation of drug administration after weaning leads to a nearly normal growth rate but a relatively long period elapses before normal weight is attained. The administration of large doses of propranolol to young growing rats also causes inhibition of growth. This inhibition is quickly reversed upon cessation of drug treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Continuous extradural infusion of 0.0625% or 0.125% bupivacaine for pain relief in primigravid labour.

The efficacy of an extradural infusion of 0.0625% or 0.125% bupivacaine was studied in 98 primigravid mothers in active labour. No special measures were taken to posture the mother (except to avoid aorto-caval compression). The study regimen included a control group (no infusion) receiving intermittent top-ups (0.25%. bupivacaine 8-10 ml), two groups receiving bupivacaine 6.25 mg h-1 infusion in different concentrations (0.0625% and 0.125%), a fourth group receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 12.5 mg h-1 infusion, and a fifth group receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 18.75 mg h-1 infusion. The optimum infusion rate was 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml h-1, at which 69% of primigravid mothers required none or only one "top-up" of 0.25% bupivacaine 8-10 ml during a mean duration of 7.1 h labour. In the group who had no extradural infusion, only 32% of mothers managed with one or no top-up. The median interval between top-ups was increased from 145 min in the no infusion group to 245 min in those mothers receiving 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml h-1 by infusion. Increasing the rate of infusion to 15 ml h-1 did not improve the results. Spread of local anaesthetic to higher levels was limited (less than T5) so that testing sensory loss at the T5-6 level at 2-hourly intervals should detect accidental spinal blockade resulting from inadvertent intrathecal infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Neurological toxicity of the subarachnoid infusion of bupivacaine, lignocaine or 2-chloroprocaine in the rat.

Neurotoxicity after subarachnoid infusion of bupivacaine, lignocaine and 2-chloroprocaine was studied in a chronic rat model. Hartmann's solution 100 microliter h-1 was infused as a control, and 0.5% bupivacaine, 1.5% lignocaine and 2.0% 2-chloroprocaine were infused at 100 microliter h-1 for 3, 6 or 24 h, to five rats in each group. No residual paralysis occurred in the control group, but 27 of 45 rats (60%) which received an infusion of local anaesthetic had residual paralysis lasting until sacrifice at 7 days. The incidence of paralysis was dependent on the duration of exposure to the local anaesthetic, but there were no significant differences in incidence between any of the local anaesthetics tested. Abnormal histology, in the form of neuronal vacuolation, was not a sensitive index, being present in control rats, but more intense in those receiving lignocaine and 2-chloroprocaine than in those given bupivacaine; no correlation with clinical findings could be established. The neurotoxic effects of each local anaesthetic tested as a continuous intrathecal infusion were dose related in the rat, which may be a useful model for screening other local anaesthetics.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1985

Effects of spinal blockade with bupivacaine on parturition in rats.

On the day of expected delivery, primigravid rats received 0.5% bupivacaine continuously through a chronically implanted intrathecal cannula to produce intense sensory and motor blockade below the T10 level. The mean duration of delivery was prolonged to 3.1 h compared with 1.4 h in a control group without intrathecal blockade and a group which received an intrathecal infusion of Hartmann's solution. The mean percentages of live births per litter surviving the first 6 h was 94% in the control groups and 42% in those receiving bupivacaine by intrathecal infusion. No increased perinatal mortality was observed in another control group receiving an i.p. infusion of 0.5% bupivacaine in the same dose as that given intrathecally. Two mother rats died during delivery under spinal blockade because of prolonged labour. It is concluded that, without obstetric intervention, intense sensory and motor blockade delayed parturition and increased fetal mortality in the pregnant rats.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1985

Suprofen compared to dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and paracetamol (Cosalgesic) after extraction of wisdom teeth under general anaesthesia.

In a randomised double-blind trial in postoperative ambulant day case dental patients suprofen 200 mg (29 patients) was compared with dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride 65 mg and paracetamol 650 mg (Cosalgesic, 28 patients) both available four times daily for 3 days. Suprofen was better than cosalgesic in the patients' opinion of initial (p = 0.01) and overall pain relief (p = 0.08) compared to Cosalgesic and the second night's sleep was better (p = 0.01). Side effects were reported in six suprofen patients and 10 cosalgesic patients (two suffering from vomiting withdrew). Suprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is as good as, or better than, a widely used opioid-paracetamol mixture for ambulant patients with postoperative dental pain.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1985

Maternal mortality and manpower. Comparisons in relation to anaesthetists, obstetricians, and paediatricians in England and Wales and in Japan.

In 1982 maternal mortality in England and Wales was given seven per 100 000 compared to 18 per 100 000 total births in Japan. This represented 160 more deaths in Japan. Perinatal mortality rates were similar in England and Wales and Japan, being 11.3 and 10.1 per 1000 respectively. The prevalence of obstetricians and paediatricians per 100 000 total births are approximately similar in England and Wales and in Japan, whereas the rates for anaesthetists are five times less in Japan. In England and Wales, 13% of maternal deaths were related to anaesthetic misadventures, but the Japanese incidence is not known. However, more than 50% of anaesthetics for Caesarean sections in district hospitals in Japan are administered by obstetricians. A pilot study in Japan would be necessary to determine the precise role of anaesthetic provision on maternal mortality. Maternal mortality may prove a useful indicator of anaesthetic service deficiency.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1985

Self-administered nalbuphine, morphine and pethidine. Comparison, by intravenous route, following cholecystectomy.

In a double-blind clinical trial of 48 patients, nalbuphine, morphine, and pethidine were compared by on-demand intravenous analgesia during the first 24 hours after cholecystectomy. Overall pain relief (visual analogue score) was recorded by the patients as 50 (SEM 4) for nalbuphine, 44 (SEM 4) for morphine and 53 (SEM 5) for pethidine. These scores were not significantly different. The mean demand for each drug over the 24-hour period was 70 (SEM 12) mg for nalbuphine, 46 (SEM 6) mg for morphine and 614 (SEM 49) mg for pethidine. Pain on movement, either during deep breathing or turning, was found to be less well controlled after nalbuphine (70, SEM 2), and pethidine (67 SEM 7) than after morphine (52, SEM 5; p less than 0.01). The incidence of side effects was similar with each drug. Nalbuphine is a useful postoperative analgesic, as effective as pethidine. Nalbuphine 15 mg is apparently equipotent with morphine 10 mg or pethidine 120 mg by this mode of administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

FFARCS examination from 1985.

The Faculty of Anaesthetists has revised the structure of the FFARCS to make the examination conform more closely to present patterns of training. Part 1, commencing February 1985, tests the clinical ability of a trainee with about one year's experience especially in the management of relevant emergency anaesthesia. In Part 2, basic sciences are tested. Part 3, the Final Examination, is directed to overall knowledge related to the completion of general professional training. It must be emphasized that the extent of the examination and level of knowledge remains unchanged.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1984

Clinical applications of the rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of serum cortisol.

We report a rapid and specific analytical method for the measurement of serum cortisol by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method allows the diagnostic measurement of cortisol in emergency clinical circumstances of glucocorticoid deficiency or excess. Results obtained by HPLC are comparable to those by radioimmunoassay. The lower limit of sensitivity is 6 ng cortisol per ml of serum.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗