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Biomedical subjects

M Rose

Publications and source records attributed to M Rose.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Comparative studies of UV-induced DNA cleavage by analogues of iodoHoechst 33258.

Following the earlier demonstration that iodo-Hoechst 33258 sensitizes DNA and cells to UVA, presumably mediated by formation of a carbon-centred radical on the ligand upon dehalogenation, three isomeric analogues of iodo-Hoechst 33258 have now been studied. The isomers differ in the location of the iodine atom in the phenyl ring of the ligand, relative to the site of attachment of the bibenzimidazole moiety, and are accordingly denoted ortho-, meta- and para-iodoHoechst. Comparison of the ligands with respect to induction of DNA ssb in pBR322 DNA revealed a wide range of activity; (D37's vary by a factor of 37), decreasing in the order: ortho- > meta- and para- > iodoHoechst 33258. Preliminary dehalogenation studies suggest that the higher activity of the ortho isomer results more from increased cross-section for dehalogenation than from increased efficiency of strand breakage per dehalogenation event. However, the chemistry of strand breakage by the ortho-isomer is distinctive, and tentatively assigned to initial attack at the 1'-deoxyribosyl carbon; the other two isomers, like iodo-Hoechst 33258, attack the 5'-carbon. The results are discussed in terms of the spectrum of DNA strand breakage chemistry associated with ionizing radiation, and the potential of DNA strand breaking agents such as the iodoHoechst compounds to study the chemical and biological consequences of the different subclasses of initial DNA damage.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

The combined use of soybean agglutinin and immunomagnetic beads for T lymphocyte subset depletion of bone marrow allografts: a laboratory analysis.

The prevention of graft-versus-host disease by T-lymphocyte depletion of allografts prior to bone marrow transplantation has resulted in an increase in graft failure/rejection and relapse of disease. Evidence for the selective roles of specific T-lymphocyte subsets in each of the engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and disease relapse processes has been presented, but sufficient clinical verification to support any hypothesis in this regard is lacking. In this paper we describe a convenient and highly flexible clinical laboratory method for depletion of specific T-lymphocytes in controllable quantities by the use of select monoclonal antibodies. Almost 3 log10 removal of CD2+ and CD8+ cells without significant loss of hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CD34+ cells) can be reproducibly achieved. This method, employing soybean agglutination and immunomagnetic beads, is potentially adaptable to depletion of any cell subset or any tumor cell for which unique cell-surface antigen characteristics have been defined. In addition, our protocol is equally suited to the positive selection of stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors bearing the CD34 surface antigen.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1994

Giant ovarian tumor masked by obesity.

Giant ovarian tumors are rare, but comprise both a clinical as well as a surgical challenge. During the past two decades only 20 cases of ovarian tumors weighing 20 kg or more have been reported. We present a new case, where a giant benign ovarian cystadenoma weighing 28 kg, masked by obesity, was removed. Pathology, complications and treatment of such tumors is discussed. Intact removal and pre-/intra operative drainage of such tumors are equally good as treatment of choice and each case must, therefore, be considered individually. The overall mortality rate in treating such tumors has decreased markedly during the past century. We recommend abdominal ultrasound scan for diagnosis, which should be kept in mind in severe obesity, especially when disproportionate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Follow-up studies of the detection of IgG1 antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in blood and milk from cattle in relation to the reproductive cycle and milk production].

During a 14 month period, 36 dairy cattle were selected from a herd (n = 103), after IgG1 antibodies to Coxiella burnetii had repeatedly been detected in blood and milk, as measured by ELISA. ELISA results were analyzed with reference to reproductive cycle, daily milk yield, as well as daily concentration, and output of milk protein. The rate of positive blood samples slightly grew from 47.6% in the non-pregnant period, and 46.8% in the first half of pregnancy to 52.0% in the second half of pregnancy. In contrast, results of milk ELISA changed significantly from non-pregnant period to first, and second half of pregnancy, with increases from 23.8 to 38.5, and 64.6% of positive milk samples. Moreover, milk samples showed negative correlations between ELISA OD405 values and daily milk yield, as well as daily output of milk protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Abdominal wall hernias. The value of computed tomography diagnosis in the obese patient.

The abdominal wall is a common and often overlooked source of pain. Three obese patients with pain that proved to come from an abdominal wall hernia are described. The hernias were not found on physical examination, and extensive workup of the digestive tract did not disclose the diagnosis. Computed tomography directed at the abdominal wall demonstrated the hernias. We review the literature on the use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of abdominal wall lesions.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

[Relevance of cultures for the antibiotic treatment in acute perforated appendicitis].

The case records of 71 patients (31 women and 40 men aged 5-76 years, median age 18) who were registered under the diagnosis of perforated acute appendicitis at the Department of Surgery, Frederikssund Hospital between 1 January 1983 to 31 December 1988 have been reviewed in order to examine the relevance of culturing peritoneal swabs for the antibiotic treatment given. Four antibiotic regimens were used. In 65% of the cases, the cultured bacteria were completely sensitive to gentamycin and metronidazole (82% when cultures where there was no growth are included), the corresponding figure for the treatment given was 48% (65%). Thirty-one percent developed postoperative infections, 20% in the form of abscesses. In four percent of the cases where bacterial resistance to the given antibiotic treatment was found did this result have a consequence in relation to further treatment. The result of culture was on average available 2.1 days after antibiotic treatment had been terminated. The cultures could have greater relevance if 1) the results were communicated to the ward within one to two days 2) bacterial type and pattern of antibiotic sensitivity were registered in such a manner that the effectivity of the standard antibiotic regime could be controlled and 3) if demonstration of possible exogenous contamination were used as a parameter in the department's quality control.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Nucleotide sequence of the rabbit gamma-preprotachykinin I cDNA.

We succeeded in amplifying tachykinin I specific cDNAs from cerebral tissue of guinea pig, rabbit, rat, hamster, trout and tupaia in the expected size range of 820-980 bp. The amplified 859 bp rabbit gamma-preprotachykinin I cDNA was sequenced and consisted of the whole 345 bp gamma-PPT I coding sequence including the substance P and neurokinin A coding regions and a 505 bp large 3'-nontranslated region. Both, molecular weight and sequence comparison emphasizes the very high phylogenetic age of the preprotachykinin I gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Sequence of a 4.8 kb fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II including three essential open reading frames.

The nucleotide sequence of a fragment of 4867 base pairs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II has been determined. The sequence contains three complete open reading frames. In addition to the already known gene RPB5, coding for a subunit shared by all three DNA directed RNA polymerases, two new open reading frames could be identified. YBR12.03 codes for a protein of 183 amino acids with homology to one of the proteins of the Bacillus subtilis riboflavin biosynthesis operon (RibG). Deletion mutants of YBR12.03 can germinate but stop growing after five to seven cell divisions on YPD. Supplementation with high concentrations of riboflavin does promote growth. YBR12.05 codes for a protein of 386 amino acids with homology to STI1, a stress-inducible protein of S. cerevisiae. Deletion mutants of YBR12.05 are not viable.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The changing course of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and modern therapy.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology. Pathologically, there appears to be an abnormal interaction between the vascular endothelium and platelets, but the primary event remains uncertain. While historically, TTP was a fatal disease, dramatic improvement in its outcome has occurred over the past two decades with the development of effective therapy. Plasma infusion or exchange remains the cornerstone of the treatment of TTP, along with corticosteroids, platelet inhibitor drugs, vincristine and splenectomy. This review summarizes the clinical findings, what is known of the pathogenesis and the available therapeutic modalities for TTP. In most cases, remissions can be attained and cures are now common. However, approximately half the patients will relapse. The clinical course at relapse is usually milder than the disease at presentation and less aggressive therapy may be needed. However, relapsing TTP still carries a significant mortality and preventive therapies are not always effective. Further progress may have to await an understanding of the fundamental etiology of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Substantia nigra damage after fluorothyl-induced seizures in rats worsens after post-seizure recovery: no exacerbation with hyperglycaemia.

The substantia nigra pars reticularis (SNPR) of rats is highly susceptible to both seizure- and ischaemia-mediated damage. Hyperglycaemic exacerbation of brain damage similar to that observed after global brain ischaemia may also occur in rats with status epilepticus. We tested the hypotheses that hyperglycaemia exacerbates seizure-induced SNPR damage in rats and that SNPR lesions develop rapidly post-seizure. Halothane-anaesthetized, paralysed, and mechanically ventilated rats were prepared for haemodynamic and EEG monitoring. Halothane was discontinued, and mechanical ventilation on 30% oxygen/70% nitrous oxide was continued for 1 h. Three treatment groups (20 rats each) were studied: (1) control, lactated Ringer's solution; (2) equiosmolar control, 40% mannitol; and (3) hyperglycaemia, 50% dextrose. Infusions were started 5 min before seizures were induced with flurothyl 3% administered for either 45 (n = 10) or 75 (n = 10) min. Immediately after seizures, half of the animals underwent cerebral perfusion-fixation with formalin and half were allowed to recover for 2 h post-seizure and then perfused. Brain histology was assessed by light microscopy and scored 0-5 (0 = no damage) for the percentage of eosinophilic neurons and vacuolation in the SNPR. Glucose administration decreased the severity of SNPR damage in rats subjected to 75 min of seizures and 2 h recovery (pathology scores: control, eosinophilic neurons = 3.6, vacuolation = 4.0; hyperglycaemia, eosinophilic neurons = 3.0, vacuolation = 2.75; p < 0.05). SNPR damage was worse after 2 h of recovery (pathology scores: 0 h recovery, eosinophilic neurons = 0.9, vacuolation = 0.1; 2 h recovery, eosinophilic neurons = 3.9, vacuolation = 3.8; p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1992

Fast high-performance liquid chromatographic purification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

A procedure was established for the rapid isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) from an overproducing strain. Overexpression was achieved by the transformation of yeast cells with the multicopy plasmid YEp352 harbouring the PEPCK structural gene. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using first anion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephacryl S200. The purified phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was further characterized with respect to the molecular mass, displaying an apparent molecular mass corresponding to a tetrameric form.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1992

Splenic infarction: a complication of cardiac catheterization.

Patients with extensive atherosclerosis are at increased risk of developing embolic complications during cardiac catheterization. We describe a 51-year-old man with unstable angina and bilateral leg claudication who developed fever and right upper abdominal pain shortly after cardiac catheterization. Liver-spleen scintigraphy demonstrated a wedge-shaped filling defect compatible with splenic infarction, and serial scans performed over a period of five months showed resolution of this finding. Splenic infarction tends to be under-diagnosed, and physicians should be aware of this potentially serious complication of cardiac catheterization.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1992

Arteriovenous fistula of the internal maxillary artery in a child: case report.

Direct arteriovenous fistulae supplied by the external carotid artery are unusual. Rarely, congenital fistulae have been described involving the head and neck. We describe the first case of congenital internal maxillary arteriovenous fistula in a child. Balloon embolization is currently considered the method of choice for treatment of direct arteriovenous fistula.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis and transport of GAP-43 in entorhinal cortex neurons and perforant pathway during lesion-induced sprouting and reactive synaptogenesis.

Metabolic labeling and quantitative 2D gel autoradiography were used to assess changes in the synthesis and transport of GAP-43 in entorhinal cortex (EC) neurons and perforant pathway during lesion-induced sprouting and reactive synaptogenesis. In normal adult rats, there is a high constitutive level of GAP-43 synthesis and transport in EC neurons projecting to the hippocampus. Following unilateral EC lesions, there is a 2-fold (100%) increase in the transport of newly synthesized GAP-43 to the contralateral or 'sprouting' hippocampus. The timing of this upregulation (between 6 and 15 days) suggests that changes in GAP-43 expression occur in response to the growth of presynaptic terminals during sprouting.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Complications of trichobezoars: a 30-year experience.

We have reported the case of a mildly retarded woman in whom an obsessive-compulsive disorder of hair eating (trichophagia) had begun between 2 and 3 years of age. Over the next 30 years, multiple complications of trichophagia included trichobezoars, malnutrition, intestinal obstruction, and ulceration with bleeding. One of the bouts of intestinal obstruction was associated with the superior mesenteric artery blocking the duodenum. This complication has not been reported previously in this disorder. The patient's trichotillomania (hair pulling) was treated with psychotherapy, behavior modification, and various medications, without success. The tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine (Anafranil) may be of benefit in such cases.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1992

International collaborative study by in vitro bioassays of the first international standard for porcine inhibin.

A lyophilized preparation of inhibin from porcine ovarian follicular fluid, ampoule code 86/690, was made internationally available as a research standard for in vitro bioassays in 1987. A study involving ten participants in eight countries assessed the stability and suitability of this research standard to serve as an international standard. Each of the participants used in vitro assays, the majority of which depended upon the inhibition of release of follicle-stimulating hormone from dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. The research standard 86/690 was compared with coded ampoules of 86/690 stored under conditions of accelerated thermal degradation and with inhibins from different species. Intra- and interlaboratory variation for estimates of potency of a coded duplicate ampoule of the research standard provided the basis for comparisons of non-identical inhibins, but the fourfold variability of potency estimates for identical ampoules was such that no conclusions about the differences seen for non-identical inhibins could be made. Predictions of stability from consensus estimates of potency of ampoules that have undergone accelerated thermal degradation indicated that the research standard had satisfactory stability. On the basis of this study, the research standard 86/690 was deemed sufficiently stable and suitable to serve as a standard for in vitro bioassays and was established by the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the First International Standard for Porcine Inhibin. The possible presence, in biological extracts (standard or sample), of other bioactive proteins, such as activin and follistatin, complicates the quantitative interpretation of bioassay data. A standard of highly purified human inhibin is now required as a standard for immunoassays used for clinical research purposes; sufficient quantities of recombinant human inhibins have recently been donated for ampouling and evaluation by bio- and immunoassay in the subsequent phase of the standardization of inhibins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Antigenic heterogeneity of vascular endothelium.

The antigenic status of vascular endothelium from different sites of the normal adult and fetal human cardiovascular system was investigated. Tissues included aorta (n = 9), pulmonary artery (n = 8), coronary artery (n = 6), ventricle/atrium (n = greater than 10), lymph node (n = 2), fetal whole heart (n = 3), and umbilical cord (n = 7). Frozen sections were studied using monoclonal antibodies recognizing endothelial markers (EN4, vWf, Pal-E, and 44G4), vascular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ELAM, VCAM, and PECAM), the monocyte/endothelial marker (OKM5), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (class I and class II). Results demonstrate that capillary endothelium is phenotypically different from endothelial cells (EC) lining large vessels. Capillary EC strongly express MHC classes I and II, ICAM, and OKM5, which are variably weak to undetectable on large vessels. In contrast, the large vessels strongly express vWf and appear to constitutively express ELAM-1. This suggests that the capillary EC may be more efficient at antigen presentation or more susceptible to immune attack in vivo. Interestingly, normal coronary arteries, unlike all other large vessels, express MHC class II and VCAM molecules. Future studies should concentrate on comparative functional studies between capillary, coronary, and large vessel EC.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗