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Biomedical subjects

M Roman

Publications and source records attributed to M Roman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Recasting the approach to the treatment of potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias after the CAST study.

The best therapeutic approach to the therapy of potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias is still unknown, particularly in view of the increased mortality with flecainide and encainide shown in the CAST study. Various ongoing studies, particularly with amiodarone, will show whether better results can be obtained with other agents. Flecainide and encainide do, however, have a restricted place when other agents cannot be used. Low-dose amiodarone with low-dose flecainide may be worth trying.

Anilides↗
PubMed1990

Effect of chronic opioid treatment on phagocytosis in Tetrahymena.

Opioid inhibition of phagocytosis in the protozoan ciliate Tetrahymena is antagonized by naloxone and this antagonism can be surmounted by increasing agonist concentration, which suggests a receptor-mediated mechanism. Desensitization of the opioid effect is time dependent in addition to concentration dependent. Chronic exposure to opioids results in the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effect of the agonists, and withdrawal of the latter results in a decrease in phagocytic capacity, which suggests that a state akin to dependence has been developed in these cells. Naloxone appears to behave as a partial agonist in tolerant cells, and there seems to exist cross-tolerance to mu and delta agonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Appreciation of indirect requests by left- and right-brain-damaged patients: the effects of verbal context and conventionality of wording.

Unilaterally right (RHD)- and left (LHD)-hemisphere-damaged patients were tested on their ability to discern the correct, nonliteral interpretation of indirect requests (e.g., "Can you open the door?") embedded in short vignettes and presented without any pictorial support. Each stimulus vignette incorporated two verbal cues--context and conventionality of form--designed to influence interpretations of a critical utterance located at the end of each vignette. Contexts were biased to encourage either the direct, literal reading of critical utterances as a question, or the indirect meaning of the utterance as a request for action. The critical utterances themselves were either high in conventionality (e.g., "Can you ...?") which encouraged an indirect interpretation, or low in conventionality (e.g., "Is it possible for you to ...?") which encouraged a direct interpretation. Results indicated that RHD patients were significantly impaired, relative to controls, in their ability to make judgments based on contextual information. RHD patients performed comparably to the aphasic, LHD group in the use of both context and conventionality. These results replicate earlier findings of disrupted indirect request comprehension by RHD patients tested in pictorially supported paradigms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous atherectomy as an alternative treatment for postangioplasty obstructive intimal flaps.

Intimal flaps are commonly seen angiographically after percutaneous balloon angioplasty. Nonobstructive flaps are normally of little clinical significance, but flaps that obstruct blood flow may lead to partial or complete thrombosis. The Simpson atherectomy catheter was used to treat obstructive intimal flaps after angioplasty in four patients. Lumen patency was reestablished in all four cases. The clinical results were excellent, with rest pain and claudication resolved in all four patients and distal pulses reestablished in one. These findings suggest that the Simpson atherectomy catheter can be used to remove large obstructive flaps complicating angioplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Script knowledge in right hemisphere-damaged and in normal elderly adults.

Right hemisphere brain-damaged (RHD) patients and healthy elderly and younger control subjects were tested on a battery of tasks designed to probe their script knowledge. More specifically, their ability to access and organize script information was assessed under conditions that varied in information-processing demands. For this purpose, two types of script tasks were employed: free response tasks, for which subjects had to structure their own responses, and constrained response tasks, in which subjects had to choose the better of two possible responses. All RHD patients tested had shown impairments on other narrative tasks. Subjects were asked to produce the sequences of steps which comprise two common activities and to provide continuations for segments of scripts (free-response tasks); they also were required to judge script element membership, temporal order, and relative importance (constrained-response tasks). The RHD patients and elderly and control subjects demonstrated a generally preserved knowledge of script information on all tasks. However, because of variability in the response style from the RHD patients and elderly subjects on free-response tasks, individual cases were examined. Several RHD patients' script productions were characterized by tangentiality while other patients showed a tendency to terminate their script productions prematurely. Four of ten elderly subjects produced highly personalized scripts. The relation of performance on these tasks to other documented narrative impairments is considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Identification of calcium palmitate in gallstones by infra-red spectroscopy.

Crystallographic studies have shown that calcium palmitate was the fourth most frequent crystalline constituent of gallstones, but it has never been detected using an infra-red technique. This report demonstrates that IR spectroscopy represents an accurate and easy method for detection of this compound in gallstones. First, palmitic acid has been unequivocally identified from gallstones after chloroformic extraction in an acidic medium, on the basis of 1H NMR and mass spectra. Secondly, the characteristic bonds of pure calcium palmitate have been well established (2920, 2850, 1575, 1540, 1470, 1430, 1412, 1110, 710 cm-1) enabling the identification of this compound isolated or in association with other components of calculi.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1977

Cotherapy: a review of current literature (with special reference to therapeutic outcome).

This paper presents a review of the current literature on cotherapy with special reference to therapeutic outcome. The review covers the fields of sex therapy, group therapy, and family and marital therapy. It considers both patient variables and cotherapist variables. There are few "research" studies of cotherapy. Most data derive from case illustrations, which, however well detailed, are anecdotal in nature. The most widely addressed effect of cotherapy upon patients is presented in terms of treatment process and not treatment outcome.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1976

An effect of change in patient status on marital interaction.

In the treatment of couples and families, even more so than of individuals, therapists invariably are forced to face the problem of assessment of change in the marital or family "system." The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in marital interaction for a special population, that is, in which one member of each married pair had been, but was no longer, a hospitalized psychiatric patient. The primary question we addressed was whether changes in marital interaction could be amply detected and whether these changes could be attributed to the particular role shift that had occurred in one spouse--from "patient" to "nonpatient." Utilizing a technique called Interaction Testing, which the senior authors devised in 1960, we found that such alterations in marital interaction do indeed arise when one member of the couple moves out of a patient role and that our instrument is useful in elucidating the nature of such effects. In addition, it can be expected that a study of this kind will be of theoretical and methodological value in dealing with the general issues of problem-solving interaction in couples and families. The clinical aspect of the study may also be expected to stimulate useful thinking regarding family theapy in hospital settings, patient management, and aftercare.

Decision Making↗