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Biomedical subjects

M Romagnoli

Publications and source records attributed to M Romagnoli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A report of cytomegalovirus cystitis and a review of other genitourinary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

We report a case of symptomatic cytomegalovirus cystitis associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome related complex. The diagnosis of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome was established by bladder biopsy. The hematuria resolved after systemic acyclovir therapy. The other known urological manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Auditory brain stem response test battery for multiple sclerosis patients: evaluation of test findings and assessment of diagnostic criteria.

A battery of auditory brain stem response (ABR) tests has been used to evaluate 39 multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects (9 with probable, 8 with possible, 6 with suspected and 16 with definite MS, according to conventional classification of the disease). Test battery included evaluation of ABR waveform, latencies and interpeak intervals, test-retest variability, rate-induced ABR changes, binaural increase of wave-V amplitude and effect of ipsilateral masking with broad-band noise. Test results allowed a measure of the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of each test in the battery. The high efficiency values thus obtained validated each test in the battery when normals were compared with definite MS patients. No single test, however, proved to be sufficient--by itself--to reliably distinguish subjects with earlier stages of the disease, suggesting that a combined evaluation of tests is necessary to fit better the clinical classification. When compared with 'conventional' ABR analysis, 'sensitized' ABR tests--i.e. the measures of test-retest variability, binaural increase of wave-V amplitude and the effect of ipsilateral broad-band noise masking--showed higher percentages of positive results in subjects with no clinical signs of brainstem and midbrain involvement. Sensitized tests therefore appeared more suitable to reveal a brainstem subclinical involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pattern VEP alterations in psoriatic patients may indicate a sub clinic optic neuritis.

We examined 44 subject (Group A) of both sexes (27 males and 17 females) aging between 16 and 80 (average: 45+/-16.6), divided into age bands, affected by mild-medium psoriasis with PASI (psoriasis area and severity index) between 1.2 and 48.6 (average: 11.2+/-9.7) without any other disease and we performed pattern transient VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) at the frequencies usually used in clinical experience (73', 36', 18' check size). For a good statistic comparison we choose 55 healthy subjects (group B) divided into age bands on which we performed the same test. Comparison of VEP parameters between psoriatic and healthy subjects, showed in group A 10 normal (22.7%) and 34 pathological (77.3%). In the latter group there are 16 subjects who show only a P100 reduced amplitude (36.3%), 3 with only increased latency (6.8%), 15 with alterations of both values (34%). The achieved data show that more than 3/4 of group A subjects have VEP alterations as index of the presence of a sub clinic optic neuritis with a probably toxic autoimmune origin due to the action of TNFalpha, of IgG, of ECP or of other cytokines (IL6, IL7, etc) that are increased in the blood of this patients. The electro physiologic monitoring of optic nerve seems to represent a good routine test to evaluate the global conditions of psoriatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation of COPD patients: which training modality.

Non pharmacological therapy has been gaining more interest and has been evolving rapidly over the last decade as an essential part of therapy for COPD patients. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR), the most important non pharmacological treatment in patients with COPD, has a primary goal: to achieve the highest possible level of individual exercise tolerance, thus reducing the primary and/or secondary health care utilisation. The aim of the present review is to focus the role of exercise training in these patients as well as to address the question on which training methods are the most beneficial. We have therefore undertaken a MEDLINE-based search including the terms: pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise, lung disease/obstructive. Several strategies based on endurance or strength training are nowadays implemented during PR programmes in order to maximise the benefits for each patient. The impaired function of ambulation muscles causing breathlessness as one of the more frequent symptoms in many COPD, suggests that training the lower extremities is the most important goal to achieve during pulmonary rehabilitation of these patients. On the other hand, as muscle strength appears to be an independent contributor to survival and utilisation of health care resources, it seems largely justified also to include this further modality in the PR program of these patients. In conclusion, both modalities are effective and useful for COPD patients. However, whether resistance training should be administered to all COPD and which is the optimal length of strength training still needs to be elucidated.

Exercise↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cystic parotid lesions in HIV infection].

The appearance of parotid lesions of cystic aspect with a HIV's infections has been described in the past by foreign Authors above all coming from USA and from Africa. Similar cases has been recorded in France but only among children. The Authors report a casuistry constituted by five male sex's and white race's subjects, everyone HIV positive, suffering from mono or bilateral benign lymphoepithelial cysts. Every patient under examination presented a positive history because of the use of intravenous drug. Four of the five subjects underwent a surgical treatment of parotidectomy. Echotomography, CT and RM scanning seem to be the more sensitive diagnostic techniques. The peculiar histopathologic aspects allow us to differentiate these lesions both from the classical benign lymphoepithelial cysts and from the Warthin's tumor. The increase of the signalling of these cases seems to be connected with the progressive diffusion of the infection and with major survival of the patients thanks to chemotherapy. The majority of the Authors is agreed to recommend the surgical treatment for the possible malignant degeneration of this kind of forms. A careful clinical and diagnostic analysis of every patient with parotid swelling, above all if at risk for HIV's infection, is strictly necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Etiopathogenesis of parafunctional habits of the stomatognathic system.

A broad consensus does exist among main authors on the importance of parafunctional habits in the etiopathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Mechanisms through which an intense parafunctional activity determined a pathological effect on the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and their related structures have still not been definitively clarified; nevertheless, before investigating those mechanisms, it's useful to study predisposing, triggering and/or worsening factors of parafunctions themselves. At present the theory, once widely accepted, according to which occlusal interferences can trigger a muscular hyperactivity through the activation of periodontal receptors, has lost a lot of credit. Recently, the hypothesis that bruxism and other parafunctions have a central etiology has become more and more accepted. In such a context, the role of the psychic component assumes a strong relevance, particularly for its relation with the limbic system, which is the part of the central nervous system (CNS) that regulates emotions. Such a hypothesis is confirmed by clinical practice, but it doesn't explain why some patients have reported a worsening of parafunctional activities after occlusal adjustment. The aim of this study is to investigate this issue through a critical review of the literature, indicating how the 2 theories might be complementary for the development and worsening of a parafunctional habit. From this review, despite the number of clinical opinions, there emerges a lack of methodologically appropriate associative works and controlled clinical trials which consent to clarify the effective importance of psychic and/or occlusal factors in the etiopathogenesis of parafunctional habits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cefodizime administration in healthy subjects: studies of natural killer cells, urinary hormones and electrolytes.

Two studies are here discussed: the first one on changes of the natural killer cell activity of PBM cells exposed in vitro to CDZ and the second one on urinary electrolytes, cortisol, aldosterone and DHEA-S circadian rhythms, evaluated in healthy subjects who received a single dose (2 g i.v.) of cefodizime (CDZ). The effect of CDZ in health includes a reduction of the circadian amplitude of natural killer cell activity. With the methods used, no difference was found between placebo and CDZ, as far as circadian rhythms of urinary electrolytes, cortisol, aldosterone and DHEA-S are concerned.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗