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Biomedical subjects

M Rohlin

Publications and source records attributed to M Rohlin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Computed tomography versus single-contrast arthrotomography in evaluation of the temporomandibular joint disc. A study of autopsy specimens.

The lateral, central and medial parts of 15 right temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens were studied to compare the ability of computed tomography (CT) and single-contrast arthrotomography in diagnosing the disc position and configuration. The radiologic findings were compared with macroscopic findings in a blinded fashion. In the CT examination, the diagnostic accuracy was 40% in determining the disc position and 26.7% in determining the disc configuration. However, in many areas of the joints the disc was not possible to evaluate by CT. With arthrotomography the diagnostic accuracy in determining the disc position was 75.6% and the disc configuration 60%. The sensitivity of CT was 0.45 and of arthrotomography 0.95 for the diagnosis of the disc position. The specificity was 0.87 for CT and 0.76 for arthrotomography. From these results, we conclude that arthrotomography is a reliable aid to diagnosis of TMJ disc changes and that CT cannot replace it.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between panoramic and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of periodontal bone loss.

Panoramic and periapical radiography was performed on 100 patients. Five observers each registered the scores for marginal bone level, presence of bone defects and furcation involvement in the radiographs of 20 patients and the results were compared. The overall concordance in scoring the marginal bone level was high when panoramic and periapical radiography was compared. In the upper arch, 66% of the sites showed concordant scores, 31% deviated by one and 3% by two score-points. In the lower arch, 74% of sites had concordant scores, 25% deviated by one and 1% by two score-points. The panoramic radiographs more often indicated a more severe bone loss than the periapical radiographs. The concordance was related to the degree of bone loss. In sites with no bone loss the concordance was high whereas it was lower in those with severe bone loss. The concordance of the two radiographic methods for the mandibular canine, premolars and first molar was equally as high as the intra-observer overall agreement, but lowest for the mandibular central incisors and the maxillary molars. Bone defects were more easily identified by periapical radiography.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1989

Marginal bone in periodontal disease: an evaluation of image quality in panoramic and intra-oral radiography.

Five observers assessed the panoramic and full-mouth (14 periapical and four posterior bitewing) radiographs of 20 patients each for the ability to interpret and measure the marginal bone level. The image quality of each site was classified as excellent, acceptable or unacceptable. Depiction errors affecting interpretability and measurability were also noted. In the upper arch, the frequency of uninterpretable and non-measurable sites was almost equal for panoramic and periapical radiography. Image quality was better with periapical radiography in the lower arch. In the posterior regions of both arches, more sites could not be measured from panoramic compared with bitewing radiographs. Due to overlapping the distal surface of the maxillary canine and the mesial surface of the first maxillary premolar could often not be interpreted in either panoramic or periapical radiographs, but infrequently in the bitewings. In the lower arch, the most frequent depiction error was inadequate density in the incisor region of panoramic radiographs. On the basis of these results, we proposed that in clinical practice the panoramic radiograph can be supplemented with individually selected periapicals. In epidemiological studies, the panoramic radiograph should be combined with a premolar bitewing radiograph.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between panoramic and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of periapical bone lesions.

The diagnostic accuracy of panoramic and periapical radiography was compared by five oral radiologists who assessed the periapical status of 117 teeth evenly distributed throughout the jaws with a 50% probability that either an osteolytic or sclerotic lesion was present. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated no overall significant difference between panoramic and periapical radiography. However, for sclerotic lesions and for all lesions on maxillary premolars and mandibular molars periapical radiography was significantly superior (P less than 0.001); it was also superior for osteolytic lesions in the maxilla as well as for the lesions on mandibular premolars but with a smaller significant difference (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postoperative status after partial removal of the mandibular third molar.

The aim of the study was to examine the postoperative status one year after partial removal of the third mandibular molar. Thirty-three third molars were selected because of the proximity of the apices to the mandibular canal and/or complicated root anatomy. At a follow-up examination one year postoperatively, clinical and radiological findings were recorded. A definition based on both clinical and radiological findings for healing and unsatisfactory healing, respectively, is suggested. Twenty-seven root fragments migrated between 1 and 7 mm coronally in the length axis of the tooth. Nine patients had subjective symptoms or objective findings. Three of these patients had dysesthesia. The findings indicated healing around 24 root fragments (73%) and unsatisfactory healing around 9 root fragments (27%). This findings of healing around most of the root fragments indicates that partial removal might be considered as an alternative method in certain cases of complicated root anatomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of impacted third molars in dental students.

To study the prevalence of third molar impaction in dental students, the radiographs of 113 female and 144 male students in the age groups 20-39 years were investigated. Half of the individuals had all four third molars, whereas 10% of the individuals lacked all third molars. A radiologic definition of impaction, which is illustrated, is suggested. One or more impacted third molars were found in 33% of the individuals. The difference between the sexes regarding impacted third molars was not significant. Calculated by number of teeth, one fourth of all third molars were impacted and were then mostly in a vertical or mesioangular position. The frequency of impacted third molars was higher in the lower jaw compared to the upper jaw.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between clinical and radiologic findings of the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis.

The relationship between clinical findings in the craniomandibular system and radiologic findings in the temporomandibular joint was investigated in 101 adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiologic changes were correlated with duration and severity of temporomandibular joint symptoms and general joint disease. The radiologic changes were also associated with loss of occlusal support, anterior open bite, and occlusal interferences. Most joints with crepitus exhibited radiologic erosion. Joints with mutilating changes were silent.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A study of indications used for removal of the mandibular third molar.

To study the indications used for removal of the mandibular third molar, questionnaires were sent to 35 Oral Surgery Clinics in Sweden, out of which 29 clinics participated. In each clinic, the questionnaires were to be recorded for 30 patients. The indications for removal were classified into 15 groups. There were also questions about symptoms as well as eruption status for the molar being removed. The results were based on data from 870 individuals with a mean age of 27 years. More than half of the removed third molars (54%) presented no subjective symptoms. Such symptoms were more frequent in association with fully or partially erupted molars than molars completely covered by soft or bone tissue. The indication for removal was classified as prophylactic in 27% and as orthodontic in 14%. Earlier episodes of pericoronitis consisted of 1/4 of the indications and caries or pulpitis of the third molar made up 13%. Pathologic entities like cysts, tumours and root resorption were registered in less than 3% each, and were more frequent among patients 40 years of age or older.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Macroscopic and microscopic appearance of radiologic findings in temporomandibular joints from elderly individuals. An autopsy study.

The macroscopic and microscopic appearance of radiologic findings in 40 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) taken at autopsy from 20 elderly individuals was investigated. The radiologic signs of erosion and sclerosis were strongly associated with macroscopic articular surface destruction only on the condyle while the soft tissue lining was most often intact in areas with a sclerosis of the temporal component. Radiologic concavity, osteophyte, and flattening presented none or mild macroscopic changes. The microscopic appearance of erosion and cyst formation was characterized by the presence of a cell-rich fibrous and well-vascularized connective tissue. In 4 joints with fibrous ankylosis, an articular soft tissue lining was completely lacking. In areas with radiologic sclerosis, thickening of the cortical and subcortical bone was observed. Both erosions and sclerosis were found in most joints with anterior disc position or disc perforation. It was concluded that radiologic signs of erosion and sclerosis in the condyle are more reliable signs of joint disease than such changes in the temporal component.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Individualised restricted intraoral radiography versus full-mouth radiography in the detection of periradicular lesions.

The aim was to study the diagnostic yield of periradicular lesions using different combinations of periapical radiographs. One hundred patients were first examined clinically and then periapical radiographs were taken of teeth with clinical signs and symptoms. As a second step of the radiological examination, periapical radiographs were taken of teeth that were endodontically treated or had extensive cavities demonstrated by bitewing radiographs. Finally, these radiographs were supplemented to make up a full-mouth examination. Out of 226 periradicular lesions. 34% were indicated by the clinical symptoms, another 43% by the fact that the tooth was endodontically treated and an additional 13% by having an extensive cavity. The remaining 10% of the periradicular lesions were found only with the aid of the full-mouth examination. It is suggested that information from clinical examination and from bitewing radiographs of the whole dentition might be employed to select radiographs in order to detect periapical lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histological changes in temporomandibular joints from elderly individuals. An autopsy study.

Our aim was to study microscopically the disc position and structural tissue changes such as disc perforation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). An autopsy material comprising the right and left TMJ from 21 individuals with a mean age of 75 years was studied. Anterior disc position was found in 11 joints from 8 individuals. Discs in anterior position were most often of even thickness or convex, whereas most discs in normal position were concave. Perforation was found in the central dense part of the disc in one joint and in the posterior disc attachment of five joints. The latter five discs were in anterior position. Of the five joints with anterior disc position and perforation of the posterior attachment, four joints showed marked structural changes also in the condyle and temporal component. Such changes were found only in one of six joints with anterior disc position but without perforation. No signs of cellular inflammation were observed in any of the joints. Fibrous ankylosis was found in four joints from three individuals. Joints with anterior disc position comprised more than one fourth of the examined joints. In some of these joints there were no structural changes; in other of these joints disc perforation was combined with convex disc form and marked structural changes of the condyle and temporal component.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Tomography as an aid to detect macroscopic changes of the temporomandibular joint. An autopsy study of the aged.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of detecting macroscopic changes of the temporomandibular joint with the aid of tomographic examination. Forty-four autopsy specimens were examined with corrected sagittal and frontal tomography. The tomograms were evaluated without comparative assessment of the macroscopic appearance. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. Diagnostic accuracy depends on the severity, extent, and localization of the macroscopic changes. All joints with severe and extensive macroscopic changes were identified on tomograms; two thirds of the joints with moderate changes were correctly diagnosed. Macroscopic changes of the condyle were more frequently detected than those of the temporal component. The specificity for single areas of the joints was higher than the sensitivity--that is, normal areas were more easily assessed than areas with changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Exposure distribution, absorbed doses, and energy imparted for panoramic radiography using Orthopantomograph model OP 5.

The absorbed doses and energy imparted for the Orthopantomograph model OP 5 using two different collimators (0.9-1.3 X 33 mm2 and 0.6-0.9 X 39.5 mm2, respectively) were examined at 70 and 75 kV. The absorbed doses were estimated by thermoluminescence dosimetry in a sectioned phantom and by the energy imparted from measurements of areal exposure using a plane parallel transmission ionization chamber. The exposure distribution was surveyed on radiographic film. The anterior part of the parotid glands received the highest absorbed doses (2.4-3.2 mGy) when the wider collimator was used, with a decrease of two to three times when the narrower collimator was used. Other areas received absorbed doses of about 1.0 to 1.5 mGy or below. An increase of the kV from 70 to 75 had a minor influence. The energy imparted for the wider collimator was 0.6-0.8 and for the narrower collimator, 0.4-0.6 mJ.

Eye↗
PubMed1985

The correlation of temporomandibular joint sounds with joint morphology in fifty-five autopsy specimens.

Joint sounds from 55 fresh temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens were correlated with the macroscopic examination of joint morphology. Fifty-eight per cent of the joints were silent. Two thirds of these showed normal superior disc positions and remodeled articular surfaces, whereas one third exhibited anterior disc displacement. Twenty per cent of the joints elicited clicking and showed anterior disc displacement. Twenty-two per cent of the joints elicited crepitation and exhibited mostly arthrosis of the articular surfaces and perforation of the discs. Our results confirm previous statements that clicking and crepitation may be looked upon as signs of abnormal joint morphology, clicking indicating anterior disc displacement and crepitation usually indicating arthrosis. Absence of sound alone, however, should not be accepted as an indication of a normal joint.

Adult↗