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Biomedical subjects

M Roggendorf

Publications and source records attributed to M Roggendorf.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Hepatitis C virus].

The hepatitis C virus is a single-stranded RNA virus and is composed of at least three structural proteins. Viral RNA can be detected in the serum shortly after infection (earliest after three days). Specific antibodies, however, are detected not earlier than 3-4 months after infection. The second generation ELISA detects antibodies to structural (core/C22) and nonstructural (C100, 3c) proteins. Patients with complete recovery may lose antibodies within 2-3 years. However, patients with chronic outcome show a long time persistence of antibodies (anti-C100). Risk groups, such as hemophiliacs (70-95%), i.v. drug addicts (30-80%) and hemodialysis patients (0-45%), show a high prevalence of chronic HCV infection. The current tests seem to be good diagnostic tools for chronic HCV infection, but not for acute and past HCV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Obstructive respiratory tract diseases in children and Parvovirus B19 infections].

Acute respiratory diseases (ARD) due to parvovirus B 19 infection can be observed relative frequently in children. In 21 children (infants, toddlers and school children) we have seen acute or prolonged obstructive bronchitis/bronchiolitis (15 infants), acute subglottic laryngitis (3 toddlers) and acute asthmatic attacks (3 children of school age) in connection with parvovirus B 19 infection. Other respiratory viruses (adeno-, influenza, parainfluenza and RS-virus) could be excluded as agents causing the ARD. We suggest that parvovirus B 19 can provoke ARD with obstructive ventilatory disturbances of the upper or lower airways in children with a specific endogenous predisposition (small or unstable bronchial walls, or bronchial or tracheal mucosal hyperreactivity).

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

Phenotypic patterns of preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions in woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus.

Chronic infection of woodchucks with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) was associated with the development of hepatitis, foci of altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. The cytomorphological and cytochemical analysis permitted the identification of three different types of focal lesions; namely, glycogen-storage foci, mixed-cell foci and intermediate-cell foci, each showing a characteristic pattern. The cells of the glycogen-storage foci had clear to acidophilic cytoplasm, and were overloaded with glycogen. They showed a marked elevation in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), reduction in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (PHO), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and adenyl cyclase (ADC), and unchanged activity of glycogen synthase (SYN) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The mixed-cell foci mainly consisted of basophilic cells poor in glycogen, but were intermingled with cells containing glycogen. These foci were characterized by a marked decrease in activity of PHO, SYN, G6Pase, G6PDH, ATPase and ADC, and increased activity of GGT, SDH, MDH and GAPDH. The intermediate-cell foci consisted of cells with both basophilic and glycogenotic cytoplasmic compartments, and showed a similar enzyme histochemical profile to the mixed-cell foci, with slight differences in the degree of elevation or reduction of some enzymes. The phenotypic similarities and the close spatial relationship between the foci of altered hepatocytes, and the hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in WHV-infected woodchucks, suggest that these lesions are preneoplastic. The focal morphological and metabolic aberrations emerging during hepatocarcinogenesis in WHV-infected woodchuck, are in principle similar to those identified in the course of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in various species. The focal metabolic aberrations apparently represent a general biological response of the liver parenchyma to oncogenic agents and are closely linked to neoplastic transformation of the hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Long-term follow-up of posttransfusion and sporadic chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B and frequency of circulating antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV).

The natural course of chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B (HNANB) was documented for 3-20 yr (mean 8 yr) in 86 patients, who attended our special ambulance between 1981 and 1988. Sixty five of the 86 patients (75%) were positive for circulating antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) (anti-HCV). Twenty four patients had chronic posttransfusion (PT)-HNANB (18 anti-HCV-positive; 75%), and 62 patients had sporadic (S)-HNANB (47 anti-HCV-positive; 75%). Twenty nine per cent of patients with chronic PT-HNANB had sustained normalization of aminotransferases after a period up to 5 yr, 55% demonstrated chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 16% progressed to chronic active hepatitis (CAH) with transition to cirrhosis. In the group with chronic S-HNANB, 2% of patients showed remission, 43% had stable CPH and 55% progressed to CAH or cirrhosis. However, development of cirrhotic complications required many years. Transition from CAH to CPH or remission was not observed. The results indicate that 75% of both patients groups with chronic PT- and S-HNANB are infected with the same agent, of which antibodies are detected by the new anti-HCV assay. There was no statistical association between the severity of the disease and the presence of anti-HCV. The different proportions of progressive courses in chronic PT- and S-HNANB might be explained by the patient recruitment.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1990

Different outcomes of chronic hepatitis delta virus infection in woodchucks.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection of woodchuck chronic carriers of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) results in acute and chronic disease. The different courses of disease mimicked the outcome of human HDV superinfection, making woodchucks valuable models for clinical studies of HDV. Ten of 11 woodchuck chronic carriers of WHV superinfected with HDV developed acute HDV infection with markers of viral replication in the serum and liver. One animal (DW128) had no serological markers of acute HDV infection. Nine of 11 (82%) superinfected animals developed chronic HDV infection. An unusual course of chronic HDV infection occurred in one woodchuck (DW128): no serum markers of acute or chronic HDV infection appeared but HDV RNA was detected in the liver, indicating that chronic HDV infection can occur without serological markers.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Non-radioactive labeling and detection of nucleic acids. III. Applications of the digoxigenin system.

The digoxigenin-based non-radioactive DNA labeling and detection system was applied in various hybridization protocols using digoxigenin-labeled probes obtained by enzymatic incorporation of Dig-[11]-dUTP. In genomic blots single-copy genes (human tissue-type plasminogen activator, constant part of immunoglobulin kappa light chain) can be detected with only 0.5 to 5 micrograms human DNA depending on the type of probe and the length of the hybridizing region. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, the digoxigenin system is also appropriate for colony-, plaque-, and in situ hybridizations with metaphase chromosome spreads and fixed cells. Especially in the latter applications it is of great advantage, that with the digoxigenin system any significant background or unspecific side reactions with biological materials are avoided.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

[Hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCV) in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis].

Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis are frequently affected by nosocomial viral infections, as indicated by the high prevalence of HBV antibodies. The question, to what extent HCV is transmitted by blood transfusions (NANB-PTH), or acquired in a nosocomial manner, is still unanswered. We therefore evaluated the HCV antibody rate of 387 sera of dialysis patients on the "Eurotransplant" waiting list. The HCV antibody reactivity ranged from 5.4 to 12.0% between different dialysis centers. In highly immunized (HLA antibody positive) long-term dialysis patients 31.3% (vs. 8.3% in non-immunized patients) were HCV antibody positive.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Hepatitis C antibodies in non-A, non-B hepatitis patients and members of HIV risk groups (pilot study)].

In a multi-center study sera from NANB-hepatitis (NANBH) patients and members of so-called HIV-risk groups (homosexuals, i.v.-drug abusers, hemophiliacs) were investigated by the recombinant-based HCV-antibody EIA, 74.4% of chronic NANBH-patients and 20% of acute NANBH patients were anti-HCV reactive, 33.3% of HIV-1-positive homosexuals, 43.5% of i.v.-drug abusers and 73.5% of hemophiliacs. The true prevalence of infection remains to be determined by a second, independent (confirmatory) test.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Molecular biological demonstration of parvovirus infection in fetal tissue].

We report on the morphological findings in 16 fetuses with serologically confirmed maternal parvovirus B19 infection. Typical routine morphological findings of the hydropic fetuses were the presence of abnormal erythroblasts with typical nuclear inclusions. These infected cells positively stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against a recombinant virus protein, as well as they ultrastructurally contained virus particles. Using in-situ hybridization techniques, we were able to demonstrate the presence of parvovirus B19 genome in the infected cells, while no other cell type was shown to contain virus genome. According to our results the differential diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection should be considered in each case with hydrops fetalis of unknown origin. The careful routine microscopic examination of fetal tissue may provide evidence for parvovirus infection which should be confirmed by in-situ hybridization analysis.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1990

[Parvovirus B19 infections in Germany 1987-1988].

3289 sera of patients were tested for Parvovirus B19 specific antibodies (IgM/IgG) by ELISA for routine virological diagnostics in 1987/1988. Acute B19 infection could be confirmed in 14.5%, while 24.4% were already immune and in 61.1% antibodies could not be detected. Only 0.12% of all sera were B19-DNA positive by nucleic acid hybridisation. The highest rate of acute B19 infections could be detected in the age-group of the 6-15 year old. Infections occurred above all in the period of January to July resp. August. The most frequent clinical manifestation of acute B19 infection was exanthema (54.4%) and arthritis/arthralgia (6.5%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Diagnostic of parvovirus B19 infection.

An ELISA for detecting parvovirus B19 specific IgM and IgG was established using B19 viral particles as antigen derived from plasma of donors in the incubation phase of erythema infectiosum. At onset of erythema infectiosum anti-B19 IgM was detected in titers of 10(-4) and was positive up to 19 weeks. Anti-B19 IgG could be detected in clinical specimens one week after onset of erythema infectiosum and persisted in titers up to 10(-6) throughout the convalescent period. Among 3,289 sera of patients tested routinely for acute infection in the virology department in 1987-88, 478 (14.5%) were found anti-B19 IgM-positive. Among all patients with acute B19 infection, erythema infectiosum was the most frequent manifestation (304/63.6%).

Antigens, Viral↗