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Biomedical subjects

M Roggendorf

Publications and source records attributed to M Roggendorf.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serological diagnosis of acute tick-borne encephalitis by demonstration of antibodies of the IgM class.

A sensitive enzyme immunoassay is described for demonstrating specific antibodies of the IgM class to tick-borne encephalitis virus (anti-TBEV IgM). Anti-mu-coated, flat-bottomed microtiter plates are incubated with diluted patients' serum (2 hr at 37 degrees C), then with purified TBEV, and later with peroxidase-coupled anti-TBEV immunoglobulin for a further 2 hr. After washing the plates, orthophenylenediamine is added and the optical density is measured at 510 nm. At an early stage after onset of illness anti-TBEV IgM could be demonstrated up to serum dilutions of 10(-4). The specificity of the test system was shown by total inhibition of the positive reaction by preincubation of patients' sera with anti-mu. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) could be diagnosed serologically in 54 patients by the described method, and anti-TBEV IgM could be demonstrated in sera drawn up to 9 months after onset of illness. A peak in the number of infections occurs in the age group of 31-40 years, and most infections occur from June to October with a small peak in July.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hepatitis B virus markers, alpha-fetoprotein and survival in fulminant viral hepatitis.

The serological markers of hepatitis B virus and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels have been studied in 28 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis, correlating the data with survival. On admission, 20 patients were found to be positive for HBsAg and eight for anti-HBs. All anti-HBs-positive cases showed high titers of anti-HBc, and six patients were positive for specific anti-HBc-IgM. DNA polymerase activity was detected in serum of 11 HBsAg-positive (55%) and four anti-HBs-positive (50%) patients. HBeAg was detected in six (21.4%) subjects (five HBsAg-positive and one anti-HBs-positive), whereas anti-HBe was present in nine (32.1%) subjects (six HBsAg-positive and three anti-HBs-positive). AFP levels greater than 60 ng/ml were found in sera of 14 patients (50%). No significant difference was evidenced in the survival rate between HBsAg-positive and anti-HBs-positive and between HBeAg-positive and HBe Ag-negative patients. However, a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) in the survival rate was found in patients positive and negative for DNA polymerase activity and in those with AFP levels higher and lower than 60 ng/ml (P less than 0.005). Pathogenetic and prognostic significance of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Anti-HBc of IgM-class, HBeAg and anti-HBe in acute and chronic hepatitis B.

The presence and persistence of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) and the correlation with other HBV markers were studied in 42 patients, all of whom had acute HBsAg-positive hepatitis but whose subsequent diseases differed. All patients initially had anti-HBc IgM. In 13 out of 15 patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis, anti-HBc IgM disappeared within 6 months after onset of the disease. In five out of 12 patients, who in spite of transient HBsAg developed chronic liver disease, the anti-HBc IgM persisted for more than 2 years. Among 15 patients with persistent HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM was present from 7 months to more than 8 years. Seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe was observed in seven patients and in five of these anti-HBc IgM disappeared during the follow-up period. These results indicate that anti-HBc IgM can be used as a serological marker of recent or ongoing HBV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen: evaluation of enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection.

In acute and chronic hepatitis B, antibodies of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class against the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) have been demonstrated. For the determination of anti-HBc IgM, a sensitive enzyme immunoassay with anti-mu-coated flat-bottomed microtiter plates is described and evaluated. The specificity of the anti-HBc IgM test system was proven by pretreatment of presumed anti-HBc IgM-positive samples with anti-mu to block anti-HBc IgM. The test system was highly sensitive. In the acute stage of hepatitis B, anti-HBc IgM could be demonstrated in serum dilutions up to 10(-7) (mean titer, 10(-5)), and in sera from patients with chronic hepatitis B, the mean titer was 10(-3). In a study of unselected patients whose sera were sent at irregular intervals for testing, anti-HBc IgM persisted in a high percentage (52%) for at least 13 to 18 months after onset of illness despite the fact that these patients eliminated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and produced antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs). By using the anti-HBc IgM test as an additional aid in the diagnosis of acute HBsAg-negative hepatitis, the hepatitis B etiology could be established in 13 of 42 patients (31.4%). Investigations of the prevalence of anti-HBc IgM in different groups of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection showed 89.4% anti-HBc IgM-positive results in patients with chronic active hepatitis B, 60% in patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis, 58.2% in patients with primary liver carcinoma and markers of hepatitis B infections, and 34.9% in healthy carriers of HBsAg.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of two different enzyme immunoassays for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Two enzyme immunoassays for the detection in immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus were compared, employing a solid phase coated either with antigen or with mu-chain-specific antiserum to human IgM. The latter IgM-capturing assay system proved to be more sensitive, and its superiority was especially prominent when high titers of tick-borne encephalitis virus-specific IgG antibodies in addition to specific IgM antibodies were present in the sample. The application of this test is a valuable extension of the diagnostic tools for the rapid diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis by IgM detection. Since specific IgG does not interfere, diagnosis can be readily established when patients have already developed high titers of IgG antibodies relatively late after the onset of the disease.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

[On the viral etiology of Bell's palsy (An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study) (author's transl)].

In a prospective study paired sera of 14 patients suffering from Bell's palsy were examined for antibodies against Varicella-zoster Virus (VZV), Herpes-simplex Virus (HSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). For determination of antibodies against VZV, HSV and CMV an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out. Indirect immunofluorescence was carried out to determine antibodies against EBV. Serum samples were taken within 5 days of Bell's palsy having been diagnosed and were compared with further serum samples taken 4 weeks later. No evidence of significant differences between the antibody titers of the paired sera was found. The viral etiology of Bell's palsy due to an exogenous infection or by activation of a latent infection seems unlikely.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Study of 90 hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in Israel.

A study of 90 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers in Jerusalem showed a predominance of males over females (4:1) and of North African Jews over Jews of European or American Origin. The predominance of males remained apparent, but was not significant, when origin was controlled. Possible sources of infection were contact with jaundiced patients (29%), dental treatment (58%) and drug addiction (8%). Fifty-one percent had hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) of the IgM class, 2% had hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), 94% hepatitis B e-antibody (anti-HBe) and 93% had hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV). Fourty-two percent had donated blood at least once prior to the detection of the carrier state. Fifty-five percent of 128 asymptomatic family contacts had evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Minor abnormalities in liver function tests were found in 22% of the carriers and splenomegaly in 11%. Of ten liver biopsies performed in these cases, one had chronic active hepatitis, five had minimal histological changes, and four were normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of solid phase test systems for demonstrating antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-Hav) of the IgM-class.

Three methods were compared for determining anti-HAV of the IgM class. In the first method flat-bottomed microtiter plates coated consecutively with anti-HAV of the IgG class and HAAg were incubated with patient serum and, after washing, peroxidase conjugated anti-mu was added. After subsequent incubation with substrate the enzymatic reaction was stopped and the optical density was measured. In the second method the solid phase was coated first with antibodies to IgM and after incubation with patient serum and subsequent incubations with HAAg and 125I anti-HAV of the IgG class radioactivity was counted. These two methods were compared with reorienting sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, an established method for demonstrating specific IgM antibodies. The persistence of IgM anti-HAV in 103 sera drawn at different times after onset of jaundice was evaluated. Sera drawn up to 30 days after onset of hepatitis A were IgM anti-HAV positive with both of the first two methods. Forty-one to 90 days after onset of illness IgM anti-HAV could be demonstrated with the first method in 47% of the patients, in 94% with the second method, and in 82% with gradient centrifugation. The second method was most sensitive and could be adjusted so that at a serum dilution of 1:10(4) anti-HAV IgM was detected only up to six months after infection. In contrast to the first method, nonspecific reactions caused by rheumatoid factor were not detected with the second method. During a one-year period about 15,000 sera of patients with clinical diagnoses of acute hepatitis were tested; the positive results correlated well with the clinical data, and there was no indication of nonspecific positive results.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1979

[Viral infection and sudden perceptive deafness (serological examinations) (author's transl)].

Among the numerous and various known etiologies of sudden deafness viral infection is discussed. Therefore sera of 126 patients were examined for viral antibodies to Influenza, Parainfluenza, Mumps, Measles, RS-virus, Rubella, Herpesvirus and Adenovirus. They were compared to sera of healthy patients. Our results suggest no strong association between sudden deafness and viral infection.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1976

[Rubella virus hemagglutination inhibition IgM antibodies: the method of absorption of IgG by staphylococcal protein A as compared with density gradient ultracentrifugation (author's transl)].

The elimination of IgG by adsorption to Protein A of S. aureus was used for the demonstration of rubella virus specific IgM by hemagglutination inhibition. The validity of the method was proved by comparison with the results of density gradient centrifugation. The adsorption procedure led to false positive results in 9 of 56 cases and to false negative results in 12 of 46 cases, i.e. 20.7% of the results were discordant, when the sera were tested with short incubation time (30 min. room temperature) and the residual IgG (and IgA) were not excluded by controls with 2-ME (table 1 and table 2). By prolonged incubation time (18 hrs + 4 degrees C) and controls with 2-ME, false positive results were avoided, and the number of false negative results was reduced to 9 (table 2 and table 3). The latter occured mostly in cases where the disease had started 3 or more weeks ago and the titer in the IgM fraction of the sera was low (fig. 3). Under these conditions the absorption of IgG by staphylococcal Protein A proved to be a simple, specific and reliable procedure for the demonstration of rubella virus IgM within 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1976

[Enterobacteria of reptiles (author's transl)].

The aerobic gram-negative faecal flora of 78 reptiles consisting of 46 species (39 lizards of 23 species, 15 tortoises of 9 species, 24 snakes of 14 species) was studied. Salmonella was found to be present in 50% of lizards, in 16% of tortoises and in 16% of snakes. There were all together 15 different serotypes. Edwardsiella tarda was isolated in 20% of tortoises, in 12% of snakes but only in 3% of lizards. Tortoises represent therefore the possible normal habitat of Edwardsiella tarda. We isolated Arizona specially from snakes as was described by many authors. A new serotype (Arizona 26a, 26b:27 - 21 = S. arizonae 61:Z10:Z35) was found in a rattlesnake. There were found also much amounts of Citrobacter (52%), E. coli (50%), Proteus mirabilis (49%), Proteus morganii (18%), Proteus rettgeri (26%), Proteus vulgaris (32%). Klebsiella and Enterobacter seem to prefere the lizards. The overwhelming majority of the studied bacteria were lactose-negative, corresponding to the inability of reptiles producing lactose. The normal habitat of Salmonellae in reptiles and the high phylogenetic age of reptiles allows the hypothesis that salmonellae could have a similar old age as their host animals, because the ecological niche, i.e. the bowel of reptiles, has no changed for some hundred million years.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The role of rubella specific IgM within the serological diagnosis of rubella (German measles) (authors transl)].

The sera of 327 patients were investigated for rubella specific IgA after separation of the IgM fraction by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. 1. In 96 out of 137 cases suspicious of clinical rubella, where the time for demonstration of a significant rise of the antibody titer had been missed, the demonstration of rubella specific IgM confirmed the diagnosis of German measles. This demonstration was still possible in 9 out of 10 cases 5 to 7 weeks after the onset of the disease, but in only 2 out 7 cases 8 to 15 weeks after the onset of the disease. 2. In 48 patients who had contact with patients with German measles but did not develop any symptoms, a primary infection could not be excluded by the examination of the whole serum. In 5 out of them rubella specific IgM indicted a recent rubella infection. 3. Rubella specific IgM could not be demonstrated in 47 patients who had high antibody titers but no other hints for a recent rubella infection. 4. In 89 newborns, the investigation was prompted, when elevated IgM levels were found in umbilical cord blood, or when the newborn was sick, or when a rubella infection of the mother was suspected or proven. Rubella infection of the newborn was confirmed by rubella specific IgM only if the mother had contracted German measles during the first trimester of the pregnancy (6 out of 7 cases). The diagnosis of primary rubella infection during pregnancy is proven only if 2 out the fose in antibody titer, demonstration of rubella specific IgM.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk of hepatitis C transmission from infected medical staff to patients: model-based calculations for surgical settings.

CONTEXT: Concern is increasing in both the medical community and among the general public about the possible transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from infected health care workers to their patients. Until now, no reliable estimates for the risk of such transmission exist. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the probability of HCV transmission from a surgeon to a susceptible patient during invasive procedures. DESIGN: A model consisting of 4 probabilities was used: (A) the probability that the surgeon is infected with HCV, (B) the probability that the surgeon might contract percutaneous injuries, (C) the probability that an HCV-contaminated instrument will recontact the wound, and (D) the probability of HCV transmission after exposure. Values for the calculations were taken from published studies. RESULTS: When the surgeon's HCV status is unknown, the risk of HCV transmission during a single operation is 0.00018% +/- 0.00002% (mean +/- SD). If the surgeon is HCV RNA positive, this risk equals 0.014% +/- 0.002%. The likelihoods of transmission in at least 1 of 5000 invasive procedures performed by a surgeon during 10 years are 0.9% +/- 0.1% (HCV status unknown) and 50.3% +/- 4.8% (HCV RNA positive), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The calculated risks for HCV transmission from a surgeon to a susceptible patient during a single invasive procedure are comparable to the chance of acquiring HCV by receiving a blood transfusion. These figures could provide a basis for further discussions on this controversial subject and might also be relevant for future recommendations on the management of HCV-infected health care workers.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis A infection in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus.

By routine screening for serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in patients with acute hepatitis, 30 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus with serologic evidence of acute hepatitis A and two patients with simultaneous acute infection with hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus were detected. For evaluation of clinical data, two major risk groups were distinguished. Nine patients were drug addicts and 17 were children and young adults from Mediterranean countries or southeast Asia. During the acute phase of illness, serum bilirubin and SGPT levels did not differ from those in other patients with acute hepatitis A. In three patients for whom follow-up sera were available, HBsAg concentration decreased during the acute stage of hepatitis A.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis D virus RNA in acute delta infection: serological profile and correlation with other markers of hepatitis D virus infection.

To evaluate the profile of hepatitis D virus replication and the corresponding immunoresponse after acute hepatitis D virus infection, sera from 50 patients with acute hepatitis D (36 with acute hepatitis B virus-hepatitis D virus coinfection and 14 HBsAg carriers with hepatitis D virus superinfection) were investigated for the presence of hepatitis D virus RNA and other serological hepatitis D virus markers. During the first week after onset of symptoms, hepatitis D virus RNA was detected by spot hybridization with a similar frequency among patients with coinfection (64%) and those with superinfection (71%). The presence of hepatitis D virus RNA in the first serum sample correlated with that of circulating hepatitis D antigen in both groups of patients. The presence of hepatitis D virus RNA was transient and its clearance paralleled that of serum hepatitis D antigen among patients with coinfection, so that 1 month after the onset of symptoms serum hepatitis D virus RNA was no longer detectable in any of these patients. Conversely, serum hepatitis D virus RNA was still present in 78% of those with superinfection, all of whom developed chronic liver disease, thus suggesting that the persistence of hepatitis D virus RNA in the serum for more than 4 weeks might indicate progression to chronicity. In nine of the 14 patients (64%) with hepatitis D virus superinfection progressing to chronicity, hepatitis D virus RNA was persistently detected throughout the follow-up, whereas in five patients it was detected occasionally. In four superinfected patients hepatitis D virus RNA and hepatitis B virus DNA were detected simultaneously in serial samples, thus suggesting that, at least during early stages of chronic hepatitis D virus infection, both viruses may replicate at the same time.

Acute Disease↗