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Biomedical subjects

M Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to M Rogers.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled comparison of ritodrine and hexoprenaline for tocolysis prior to external cephalic version at term.

External cephalic versions in the study period were performed in a double blind design by 2 experienced practitioners. Sixty-three patients were allocated to treatment with either placebo, ritodrine or hexoprenaline. The main outcome measure studied was successful completion of external cephalic version. Hexoprenaline, but not ritodrine, was statistically more likely to be associated with successful version than placebo (p = 0.04 versus p = 0.22).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The influence of a glucose load on subsequent carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy.

Two separate independent exercises comparing 50 g with 75 g and 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in Chinese pregnant women. We found a significant difference in fasting values between the paired OGTTs when the 100 g test preceded the 50 g test. The fasting glucose levels on the second occasion of testing were significantly lower than on the first testing. The difference was less pronounced when the first glucose load was 75 g and was insignificant when the 50 g test was given first. The blood glucose response to glucose loads was also significantly altered on the second occasion of testing, again in proportion to the size of the first glucose load. We postulate that this influence of glucose tolerance testing on subsequent carbohydrate metabolism results either from sensitization of the pancreatic islet cells or from sensitization of tissues, resulting in increased rate of glucose utilization. We also suggest that an 1,800 Kcal diet represents an increase in carbohydrate load over their normal diet for many of our patients. In patients with mildly deranged OGTT, improvement in the glucose profile on diet may be due to this phenomenon rather than to a decrease in carbohydrate as is believed.

Asian People↗
PubMed1993

An X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder with systemic manifestations: report of a second family.

Another family manifesting an X-linked, reticulate, pigmentary dermatosis, previously familial cutaneous amyloidosis, has been observed. The disorder is characterized in males in this family by onset in the first year of recurrent episodes of respiratory illness including pneumonia, a progressive reticulate pigmentation of the skin, hypohidrosis, and photophobia. The absence of amyloid deposits in the skin in both the mother and sons confirms that less emphasis should be given to the word "amyloidosis" in naming the disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cycle helmets.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1993

Primary immunisations in Liverpool. I: Who withholds consent?

The association between parents in Liverpool consenting to their children being invited for primary immunisations and five sociodemographic factors, namely sex, position of child in the family, family type, migration into Liverpool since birth, and local deprivation was examined. Rates of consent to invitation were over 97% for each antigen except pertussis, which had a consent rate of 83%. Consent to invitation for pertussis vaccine was least likely to have been given for boys, children with older siblings, those recorded as living with a single parent, and those in the most deprived areas. Local deprivation also had an effect on consent to the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Migration into Liverpool had a significant effect on consent to invitation for all antigens except pertussis. The child's sex, family type, and local deprivation had no effect on consent to diphtheria, tetanus, and polio immunisations. Maximising pertussis vaccine uptake will require more attention to be paid to those parents who have been identified as being less likely to give consent. It is particularly important that consistent and clear advice about immunisations is made available to parents with two or more children, lone parents, and those living in materially deprived areas. Our findings challenge some of the assumptions underlying the principles of 'first parent visiting', at least so far as pertussis is concerned.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1993

Primary immunisations in Liverpool. II: Is there a gap between consent and completion?

The association between completion of primary dipht eria, tetanus and pertussis, measles, mumps, and rubella and polio immunisation courses in Liverpool and five sociodemographic factors, namely the child's sex, position in the family, family type, migration into Liverpool since birth, and local deprivation was examined. Only 68% of children were fully immunised by their second birthday. The immunisation rate for pertussis was 74%, compared with 85-89% for the other antigens. Children who had older siblings, were recorded as living with one parent, had moved into Liverpool or who lived in areas of high deprivation were less likely to complete the full set of antigens and individual courses. Boys were significantly less likely than girls to be fully immunised against pertussis. Differences in the completion of pertussis immunisation associated with the child's sex and with local deprivation were a direct reflection of differences in rates of parental consent. Parental consent did not wholly account for significantly lower rates among children with older siblings, those living with a lone parent, and those who had moved into Liverpool, however. This may reflect the practical difficulties of attending immunisation clinics. To achieve immunisation targets, a more flexible and targeted approach is required of health professionals. This may include the careful targeting of efforts to increase consent and the improvement of access to immunisations by providing domiciliary services or by opportunistic immunisation of infants when they are in contact with primary and community health care services.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1993

Serum ceruloplasmin, plasma copper concentration and copper to ceruloplasmin ratio in cervical carcinoma.

Several studies have shown that plasma/serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations are increased in various carcinomas. We determined serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin and plasma copper concentration to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these tests in patients with cervical carcinomas. There was a significantly higher ceruloplasmin concentration in patients with cervical carcinoma compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of copper were not significantly different in the two groups of subjects. The copper to ceruloplasmin ratio was lower in cancer patients than in control subjects. There was a significant increase in the serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin with increasing FIGO stage of cancer. Copper concentration in advanced tumours (FIGO stage 3) were significantly higher compared to control subjects or FIGO 1 and 2. Copper to ceruloplasmin ratio was lower in FIGO stage 2 and 3 patients compared to stage 1 or control subjects. Ceruloplasmin can also discriminate between large tumours which are inoperable and early cervical carcinomas better than copper or copper to ceruloplasmin ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, glucose tolerance and fetal growth in human pregnancy.

Two hundred Chinese primigravidae had 50 g 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) twice in pregnancy; between 20 and 24 weeks and between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. In 149 women, a single sample was taken for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) measurement 0, 1, 2 or 3 h after the glucose load at both visits; in 55 women IGFBP-1 levels were estimated in all four OGTT samples. Fetal growth was assessed by ultrasound performed at the first and second visit and, if possible, at term, and by anthropometry of the neonate. Cord serum IGFBP-1 was measured in 144 of the babies. Mothers who developed gestational diabetes were excluded. Maternal levels of IGFBP-1 were inversely related to glucose levels at 0, 1 and 2 h in the third trimester of pregnancy. IGFBP-1 measured at 1 h in an OGTT increased between the second and third trimester. There was an inverse correlation between maternal IGFBP-1 measured in the second trimester and all fetal measurements at that time, and with most neonatal measurements and birthweight. Levels of IGFBP-1 in the third trimester were inversely correlated to neonatal abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness and birthweight. Cord blood IGFBP-1 was inversely related to growth of abdominal circumference. The strongest inverse relationship was between IGFBP-1 and maternal weight. Fasting glucose in the second trimester was positively correlated to fetal subcutaneous fat and growth of abdominal circumference. In the third trimester it was related to fetal abdominal circumference, the growth of abdominal circumference, birthweight and neonatal skinfold thickness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

Phospholipase activation during monocyte adherence and spreading.

Phospholipase activation is an important element in cellular signal transduction. In our study we investigated the role and regulation of phospholipase activation during human monocyte adherence and spreading. In human monocytes, phospholipase inhibition (with bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) or manoalide) impaired cell adherence and spreading. In contrast, neither cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibition nor platelet activating factor receptor blockade affected these responses. The impaired adherence and spreading induced by phospholipase inhibition with BPB could be partially reversed by the addition of nM levels of arachidonate (20:4(n - 6)). Dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3(n - 6)) could substitute for arachidonate, but other polyunsaturated fatty acids were ineffective in this regard. The phospholipase inhibitor, BPB was selective in its effects on cellular phospholipase activities. BPB inhibited adherence/spreading-related and PMA-stimulated phospholipase activities, but not Ca2+ ionophore-stimulated phospholipase activity. To further probe for the role of Ca2+ in monocyte adherence and spreading, monocytes were loaded with MAPTAM (bis-(2-amino-5-methylphenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N', tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester), an EGTA analog. In contrast to phospholipase inhibition, intracellular Ca2+ chelation with MAPTAM did not affect monocyte adherence but did inhibit monocyte spreading. MAPTAM partially inhibited adherence/spreading-stimulated phospholipase activity, but did not inhibit PMA-stimulated phospholipase activity. These data suggest that human monocyte adherence and spreading may sequentially activate Ca(2+)-independent and then Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipases to release arachidonate. The activation of phospholipase and the release of arachidonate appear to be integral parts of the adhesion process.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1992

A program model to enhance adherence in work-site-based fitness programs.

We describe a program model designed to achieve high adherence, a major problem for work-site exercise/fitness programs. Our model is a 6-month program consisting of 15 1-hour program meetings, with participants exercising on their own time four times per week. Procedures employed to enhance adherence are contracting, group competition, monitoring, and social support. This program model has been applied nine times. One hundred fifty-nine university employees took part in the initial test with a dropout rate of 9% (15 persons). The average adherence rate for nondropouts was 98%, which is higher than rates usually reported in the literature. Adherence was defined as exercising four times a week.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.

A boy aged 6 years 10 months with dysmorphic features of the cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome is reported. This patient had early total alopecia, persistent hypotrichosis and an inflammatory hyperkeratotic dermatosis with psoriasiform features occurring predominantly on the scalp, extensor surfaces of limbs and trunk. Bilateral progressive femoral valgus deformity culminated in unilateral hip subluxation. Previously undescribed neuro-ophthalmologic findings are reported.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis.

The clinical features, histopathology, immunopathology, and management of pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are discussed, with particular emphasis on the pediatric aspects of these conditions. The difficulties in logically separating pityriasis lichenoides into an acute (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) and a chronic (pityriasis lichenoides chronical) form are addressed. The development of lymphoreticular malignancy in patients with lymphomatoid papulosis has been well documented, but pityriasis lichenoides has characteristically been regarded as a benign condition. However, recent reports of the development of large plaque parapsoriasis in patients with pityriasis lichenoides have led to a reconsideration. Some of these patients were in the pediatric age group. Although there are significant clinical, histopathological, and immunopathological differences between pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis, the demonstration of similar clonal T cell receptor gene rearrangements and the confirmation of the potentially premalignant nature of both suggests that there may indeed be an interrelationship between these two controversial entities. Close follow-up of patients with both of these conditions is recommended, with observation being discontinued only when the patient has been free of lesions for several years.

Child↗
PubMed1991

A preliminary evaluation of 566C80 for the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The drug 566C80 is an investigational hydroxynaphthoquinone that is active against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in animal models. Initial studies in humans indicate that 566C80 is safe and has adequate bioavailability after oral administration. METHODS: We conducted an open-label trial of 566C80 in 34 adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and untreated pneumocystis pneumonia. All the patients had a partial pressure of arterial oxygen of at least 60 mm Hg while breathing room air. They were enrolled sequentially in three cohorts taking 566C80 at different dosages, all administered orally: 750 mg three times daily for 5 days, then twice daily for 16 days; 750 mg three times daily for 21 days; and 750 mg four times daily for 21 days. RESULTS: All 34 patients survived, and 27 (79 percent) were successfully treated with 566C80 alone. The mean partial pressure of oxygen in 33 patients was 78 mm Hg at entry and 93 mm Hg after the course of 566C80 (P less than 0.001). In five patients (15 percent) the drug was discontinued because of lack of response. In four patients (12 percent), the drug was discontinued because of toxicity (fever and rash in two patients each). In two of these, treatment was considered to have succeeded because 566C80 was not discontinued because of toxicity until after day 14. Five of the successfully treated patients had rashes that resolved despite continued therapy. In nine patients, serum alanine aminotransferase levels rose above 100 U per liter. During the first three months after the completion of therapy, pneumocystis pneumonia recurred in 4 of the 27 successfully treated patients, and another 3 patients had recurrences between month 3 and month 6 of follow-up. The mean (+/- SEM) steady-state plasma levels of 566C80 were similar in the three cohorts: 16.3 +/- 2.10, 20.4 +/- 2.48, and 18.9 +/- 3.08 micrograms per milliliter in the patients taking the drug twice daily, three times daily, and four times daily, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From these preliminary data, the investigational compound 566C80 appears to be a safe, effective, and well-tolerated therapy for P. carinii pneumonia of mild-to-moderate severity in patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Epitope mapping of the Syrian hamster prion protein utilizing chimeric and mutant genes in a vaccinia virus expression system.

The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a host-encoded sialoglycoprotein bound to the external surface of the cell membrane by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor. A posttranslationally modified PrP isoform (PrPSc) is a component of the infectious particle causing scrapie and the other prion diseases. mAb have been raised against the protease-resistant core of Syrian hamster (SHa) PrPSc designated PrP 27-30. To map the epitopes within PrP reacting to these antibodies, we have expressed wild-type, chimeric mouse (Mo)/SHa and mutant MoPrP genes using recombinant vaccinia virus systems. The fidelity of the expression of recombinant PrPC was examined using vaccinia viruses expressing SHa-PrPC. It is full length, possesses Asn-linked carbohydrates and is attached to the external surface of the cell membrane by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor that is sensitive to cleavage by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. We have tested 18 mAb for their ability to bind to chimeric prion proteins on immunoblots. Three distinct epitopes were identified that mapped to amino acid differences between SHa and MoPrP sequences. The first epitope, recognized by three of the antibodies tested, was defined by methionines at amino acids 108 and 111 in the mouse protein. The second epitope was dependent upon the presence of asparagines at positions 154 and 174 in MoPrP and was recognized by four of the antibodies tested. The third epitope mapped to a single amino acid substitution at residue 138 in MoPrP. mAb raised against SHaPrP 27-30 specific for this epitope are able to bind MoPrPC which has a single amino acid change (Ile to Met) at position 138. Eleven of the 18 antibodies tested mapped to this immunodominant epitope. It is located within a postulated amphipathic helix, a structure associated with immunodominant Ag. Inasmuch as PrPC, in its native form on the cell surface, is detected by the mAb 13A5 (a prototypic antibody of the immunodominant third epitope class), it is likely that this epitope is accessible in the native conformation of this protein.

Animals↗