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Biomedical subjects

M Rizzo

Publications and source records attributed to M Rizzo.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in coincidence for short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery.

In 48 patients undergoing elective gynecological, urological and otorhinolaryngological surgery a pharmacokinetic study after 1 g dose of ceftriaxone or cefotaxime was done. Concentrations of the two antibiotics were studied in interstitial fluid with the suction blister technique and in some tissues collected during the operation. The mean tissue levels were generally higher after ceftriaxone administration than after cefotaxime and for both drugs they were lower than the contemporary drug levels in interstitial fluid. However at the concentrations found almost all aerobic and anaerobic bacteria causing postoperative wound infections are inhibited.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1984

Clinical chemotherapeutic evaluation of fosfomycin plus amoxicillin (co-fosfolactamine): a prospective double-blind clinical trial.

Seventy-three hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) were included in a double-blind study and received at random either fosfomycin or fosfomycin plus amoxicillin (CFL) in a pre-fixed combination, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the CFL. CFL was administered orally to 39 patients at the daily dosage of 1 g every 8 h for 6 days (666 mg of fosfomycin and 334 mg of amoxicillin) while fosfomycin was given orally to 34 patients at the daily dosage of 666 mg every 8 h for 6 days. A bacteriological cure was observed in 97.4% of the patients treated with CFL, while in the fosfomycin group the bacterial eradication was obtained only in 82.3% (P less than 0.05). CFL showed a more rapid bactericidal activity than fosfomycin. In addition, CFL was more effective than fosfomycin against "difficult" Gram-negative bacteria such as Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both antibiotics were well tolerated. Our limited experience revealed that CFL induces a negligible degree of resistant strains, and fewer than fosfomycin. Thus we conclude that CFL seems to be a useful antibiotic combination in the treatment of UTI.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Ultrastructural modifications of the tunica muscularis in congenital obstruction of the upper urinary tract. Physiopathological interpretations and anatomo-clinical correlations].

Upper excretory pathway musculature was studied by electron microscopy, both at the level of the obstruction and proximally. Two types of lesion were investigated: pyelo-ureteral junction anomalies and primary obstructive mega-ureter. Two types of muscle cell are recognized in the excretory pathway walls, typical and atypical cells, the latter being considered as possessing pace-maker activity and constituting almost total population of muscles of calices and pelvis. However, they were few in number in the pyelo-ureteral region and were practically absent from the ureter. Various conclusions can be drawn from the findings in this study. Both typical and atypical cells are modified in the obstructed upper excretory pathways. Ultrastructural appearances of lesions are identical at the site of an proximal to the obstruction. Modifications in these cells were: a rich sarcoplasmic reticulum, an increase in number of mitochondria and glycogen particles, disorganized distribution of contractile or cytoskeletal filaments, altered contact zones between contiguous smooth muscle cells, increased richness of granular endoplasmic reticulum and excessive development of the Golgi apparatus. More chronic lesions show enhanced fibrosis with reduced muscle contractility, the fibrosis affecting mainly elastic fibers in young patients and collagen fibers in more elderly subjects. The development of fibrosis may be due to changes in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. From the practical point of view, increase in fibrosis with duration of course of obstruction is an argument for as early as possible surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia reversed by naloxone.

We encountered an apparent bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in a stuporous patient who used narcotics and benzodiazepines and had taken phenytoin sodium for drug-withdrawal seizures. The INO was promptly reversed by administration of the narcotic antagonist naloxone, which binds opiate receptors. This suggests the INO resulted from a specific toxic effect of narcotics, but opiate receptors have not been anatomically demonstrated within the medial longitudinal fasciculus or associated structures. Stimulation of inhibitory GABA-ergic (alpha-aminobutyric acid) vestibulo-ocular fibers may have been related to INO in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative computed tomographic analysis in the diagnosis of dementia.

We compared the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 46 patients with dementia with those of 46 normal subjects matched for age and sex. We measured the areas subtended by the third ventricle, frontal horns, bodies of the lateral ventricles, and interhemispheric fissure as depicted in CT sections, then determined the ratio between each of those areas and the entire brain at each level. Patients with dementia had significantly larger ratios on all measures. A multivariate classification procedure showed that a composite formula of two measures, the bodies of the lateral ventricles and the interhemispheric fissure, predicted clinical status in 84% of the cases. Findings indicated that some CT measurements reflected cerebral changes associated with dementia. If appreciated in a suitable probabilistic framework, these data may be clinically useful in supporting or weakening the diagnostic hypothesis of dementia in the many cases in which diagnosis is unclear.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the concentrations of ceftazidime in the serum of newborn infants after intravenous and intramuscular administration.

The concentrations of ceftazidime in serum were studied in 16 preterm and term neonates to whom a single dose of 50 mg/kg had been administered intramuscularly or intravenously. After intramuscular injection, concentrations of ceftazidime in serum were comparable to those obtained with the intravenous dose, although they were more variable. Peak serum levels ranging from 50 to 102 micrograms/ml were reached 30 to 60 min after intramuscular injection. The concentrations declined monoexponentially after the peak, with a mean half-life of 3.8 +/- 1.1 h. Concentrations of ceftazidime in serum declined biexponentially after intravenous injection, with a terminal half-life of 4.7 +/- 1.5 h.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1982

Aphasia with nonhemorrhagic lesions in the basal ganglia and internal capsule.

Atypical aphasia syndromes were associated with circumscribed nonhemorrhagic infarctions of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and of the striatum, in the dominant hemisphere. None of the several cases could be classified in terms of the classic cortical aphasia syndromes, nor did they correspond to the description of aphasia produced by hemorrhage in the thalamus or putamen. Control subjects without aphasia had lesions in the same structures of the nondominant hemisphere, or they had comparably circumscribed damage, which was located lateral or caudal to the previously indicated locus. The findings raise the question of participation of the dominant striatum, and of the connectional systems that course in the anterior limb of the internal capsule, in language processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surgical treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis with omentoplasty.

The main goal of surgery for retroperitoneal fibrosis is to free the ureters from sclerotic tissue and pressure them from further extension of the disease; the omentum may be used as an efficient barrier against recurrence of fibrosis. We present 11 patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis treated with ureterolysis and omentoplasty - in four patients the procedure was performed bilaterally, in seven the omentum was used to protect only one ureter, but in six there was a surgical or functional solitary kidney. Out of 15 ureters, residual dilatation was observed only in two, with marked clinical improvement in all patients. Mean follow-up was 51 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Some ultrastructural aspects of human pathological pelvi-ureteric junction in idiopathic hydronephrosis.

Five surgical specimens of pelvi-ureteric junction from idiopathic hydronephrotic kidneys were obtained according to the Anderson-Hynes technique and were examined under an electron microscope. Fibrosis and marked alterations of several muscle cells were observed throughout all the specimens. Muscle cell alterations were different form cell to cell, namely: a noticeable development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi apparatus, a great number of glycogen particles, a wide extension of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a disorganization of the filament pattern. The aforementioned alterations could be observed both in 'special' and 'typical' muscle cells; moreover, a reduction in the number and extension of cell-to cell junctions was observed in 'special' muscle cells only. It could be guessed that the modifications observed in the muscle cells and the fibrosis are responsible for the altered motile activity of the upper urinary tract and led to the clinical manifestations of idiopathic hydronephrosis. However, the muscle cell malfunction is probably extended more than in the surgically resected specimens, as in the patients studied it was documented by urodynamic data that the urine flow through the ureter was due to be a wide pelvic-ureteric plasty more than an effective peristaltic contraction of the upper urinary tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Bone marrow T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with multiple myeloma].

The bone marrow quantitative distribution of the two main T-lymphocyte subsets, recognizable by the "high" and "low-affinity" E-rosette forming cell technique, according to West, was evaluated in ten untreated myeloma patients and twelve normal controls. It was observed, within a normal total T-lymphoid cell count, a significant predominance of the T-lymphocyte subset with "low-affinity" characteristics. An inverse correlation, with statistical significance, between the monoclonal malignant B-component and "low-affinity" T-cell percentage was also seen in all cases. It was suggested, therefore, that such an imbalance between "high" and "low-affinity" T-subsets, with the latter predominating, could play a role in the regulation of the monoclonal B-component growth rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Ultrastructural aspects of the pathology of the pyeloureteral junction].

Are described some observation on the ultrastructure of the muscular coat in three cases of the ureteropelvic junction pathology; the patients were undergone at ureteropelvic resection. The authors underline the presence of an important damage of smooth muscle cells at the ureteropelvic junction, also at the renal pelvis and the upper third of the ureter. The abnormalities of muscle cells are of various type: some of these could be cause of the altered motility and fibrosis of the ureteropelvic junction, constantly observed in such pathological abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructure of the urinary tract muscle coat in man. Calices, renal pelvis, pelvi-ureteric junction and ureter.

Muscle coat specimens from human calices, renal pelvis, pelvi-ureteric junction, upper, middle and lower ureter segments were examined under an electron microscope. These specimens were taken from 8 patients who had undergone nephroureterectomy: 6 for localized renal carcinoma and 2 for papillary tumor of the pelvis. Two types of smooth muscle cells were observed, "typical" muscle cells and "special" muscle cells. The latter are rich in agranular endoplasmic reticulum, have few myofilaments and are interconnected in numerous, extended, peculiar contact areas. The ratio between these two types of muscle cells differs as also does their innervation between the various segments examined. On the basis of our findings we propose that the "special" muscle cells perform a "pacemaking" function.

Humans↗