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Biomedical subjects

M Rivero

Publications and source records attributed to M Rivero.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging and cross sectional anatomy of the normal equine sinuses and nasal passages.

The purpose of this investigation was to define the magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the rostral part of the equine head. 10 mm-thick, T1-weighted images of two isolated equine cadaver heads were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla magnet and a body coil. MR images were compared to corresponding frozen cross-sections of the cadaver head. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the oral and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and associated structures. Annotated MR images from this study are intended as a reference for clinical MR imaging studies of the equine head.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of troponin-I, CPK-MB and myoglobin in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct and processes of muscular necrosis of non-cardiac origin].

BACKGROUND: Thoracic pain is one of most frequent reasons for consultations at an Emergency Unit. Clinical description and the ECG are fundamental for its analysis, but a serious diagnostic problem arises when these do not provide typical data. Our aim is to analyse recently introduced biochemical parameters in order to test whether it is possible to discriminate between entities that are associated with myocardial necrosis and those others in which necrosis is due to striated muscle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed troponin-I and the relation between CPK-MB and total CPK in the serum of 45 patients who attended the Emergency Services with different processes of striated muscle in whom the total CPK was elevated, and 50 patients with acute myocardial infarct. The serum was analysed through an immunotest by fluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Troponin-I proved to be above the normal value in the 50 patients with myocardial infarct an in 4 of the 45 in the muscular group. The total CPK/MB/CPK ratio was significantly higher in the infarct group than in the muscular group. In all of the patients of this latter group the relation was less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Troponin-I rises above the normal value and is very sensitive in a myocardial infarct. The total CPK/MB/CPK relation discriminates between processes of muscular necrosis (value <5%) and processes with myocardial infarct (that are generally associated with value >5%). The increase of troponin-I supports the diagnosis of myocardial lesion when the pain suggests a coronary origin but the ratio does not reach 5%.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antimicrobial drug use in the department of internal medicine of a general hospital: prevalence study].

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the general pattern of hospital antimicrobial use, costs, and adequacy of treatment in the department of internal medicine of a general hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prevalence study was carried out and all department beds were visited. Every patient who was being treated with antimicrobials during or 24 hours prior to the visit was selected for the study. Treatment was considered adequate when indication, selected drug, dosage, and treatment duration were all adequate. When considering costs, only the price of the antimicrobials was evaluated. RESULTS: We identify 173 hospitalized patients, 79 (45.6%) of them were treated with 96 antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections was 39.3% and 8.1%, respectively. Empirical use amounted to 77%. Overall, b-lactams antibiotics were the most frequently used (63.5%). In 22 (27.8%) patients treatment was judged inadequate, the most frequent error being an excessive duration (17.8%). The daily spending on antimicrobials was 187,750 ptas., representing 1,085 ptas. per hospitalized patient and day. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of hospitalized patients receive treatment with antimicrobial drugs. Because of the low rate of antimicrobials with a specific indication, the long antibiotic course duration, the incorrect drug choice, and even more the antimicrobial prescription in non-infected patients, strategies to improve the quality of antimicrobial use are clearly required

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition lacks immunomodulatory effects on T cells.

OBJECTIVE: In T cells, cyclooxygenase-1 is constitutively expressed, and cyclooxygenase-2 is induced during activation but their functions are not well known. Although exogenous prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of T cell activation, both immunoactivation and immunosuppression have been attributed to cyclooxygenases inhibitors (NSAIDs). Understanding the functions of the cyclooxygenases on T cells is relevant to the therapeutic use of NSAIDs on T cell mediated rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we analyze whether cyclooxygenases play a significant role in T cell functions. METHODS: Activation, proliferation, and Fas induced apoptosis were analyzed in T cells treated with non-selective (indomethacin) or cyclooxygenase-2 selective (dimethyl-furanone) inhibitors. Intracellular peroxidation was studied in activated T cells by dihydrorhodamine 123 fluorescence analysis of cells treated with COX-2 antisense or control oligonucleotides. COX-2 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: Our data show that neither non-selective or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition modify T cell activation, proliferation or apoptosis susceptibility. Furthermore, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by antisense oligonucleotides lacks significant effects on T lymphocytes and does not modify their peroxydative capacity. CONCLUSIONS: According to these data, cyclooxygenases do not seem to play a relevant role in T cells functions in vitro. Therefore, the use of either cyclooxygenase-2 selective or non-selective NSAIDs in patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases is not expected to induce direct immunomodulatory effects through direct effects on T cells.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutrition and dietary recommendations for the elderly "Public Health" Working Group of the Spanish Nutrition Society].

With the increase of life expectancy, the desire to maintain good health, functionality and maximum quality of life at advanced ages, for which nutrition plays a critical role, is a priority for the elderly. Though genetic factors are a determinant of life expectancy, there are several extrinsic factors which have a great influence on the quality of life of the elderly. Diet and nutritional status have a great influence, especially in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, which affect this heterogeneous and vulnerable age group. The nutritional status and needs of elderly people are associated with age-related biological, psychological and often socio-economic changes. All of these changes can increase the risk of developing a number of age-related diseases. In developed countries the elderly are the most affected by malnutrition, either because of a deficiency (energy and several nutrients) or an excess, leading to obesity and related diseases. This review highlights the most important factors affecting nutritional status in elderly people and focus on the need to maintain adequate physical activity level and an optimal physic, psychic and social functional capacity. It discusses dietary reference intakes and guidelines to improve and/or maintain adequate nutritional status in older people in order to reduce susceptibility to some illness and disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chylous ascites in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients].

Chylous ascites is an accumulation of lymph in the abdominal cavity. The diagnosis is established when the concentration of triglycerides in plasma is greater than in ascitic fluid over a level of 200 mg/dl. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of 22 patients with chylous ascites (11 cirrhotics and 11 non cirrhotics) were studied in order to assess differences between patients with and without hepatic cirrhosis. The cirrhotic patients with chylous ascites showed lower protein (1.3 +/- 0.74 mg/dl, p = 0.002) and cholesterol concentration (46.0 +/- 45.2 mg/dl, p = 0.02) in ascitic fluid than non cirrhotic patients (3.1 +/- 1.09 mg/dl, and 100.85 +/- 41.7 mg/dl, respectively). In addition, the cellularity in the ascitic fluid was also lower in cirrhotic patients (209.09 +/- 113.96 cel/mm3) versus (831.8 +/- 945.08 cel/mm3; p < 0.05). Four patients (18.18%) presented high adenosine deaminase levels (ADA) in the ascitic fluid in the absence of tuberculous peritonitis. The authors conclude that the biochemical differences observed in the ascitic fluid of the cirrhotic patients with chylous ascites may be explained by a dilutional mechanism due to the combination of "clear" ascites secondary to portal hypertension and chylous ascites. Furthermore, chylous ascites could be the cause of an elevation in ADA in the absence of tuberculous peritonitis.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malt lymphoma as first clinical presentation of a celiac disease.

We report a case of a 35 year-old-woman who suffered from abdominal pain and weight loss. Asymptomatic celiac disease was discovered and complicated with a MALT Lymphoma in the jejunum. This is an uncommon combination because lymphoma that arises in the presence of enteropathy is commonly from T lymphocytes. Also because it normally appears in patients with long standing celiac disease who report a recrudescence of the abdominal symptoms.

Adult↗