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Biomedical subjects

M Revilla

Publications and source records attributed to M Revilla.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

T score of trabecular and cortical bone in normal postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: The T score of the cortical and trabecular bone compartments (T score of BMDTrab and T score of BMDCorti) was calculated in healthy postmenopausal women to determine which bone compartment loses more bone mass. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total 134 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 55.1 +/- 6.4 years) and 67 healthy premenopausal women (mean age 36.0 +/- 8.6 years) were studied. Determinations were made using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the nondominant forearm. The postmenopausal women were divided into groups by years since menopause (YSM): two early postmenopausal groups: < 5 YSM and 6-10 YSM; and two late postmenopausal groups: 11-20 YSM and > 20 YSM. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the T score of BMDTrab and the T score of BMDCorti (P < 0.0001). Both correlated negatively and significantly with age (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and neither correlated with weight. The Wilcoxon test showed no significant differences between the trabecular and cortical T scores in the overall group of women. By YSM, only the > 20 YSM group showed significant differences (P < 0.005). The ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni/Dunn test showed a significant difference in the T score of BMDTrab by YSM only in the < 5 YSM versus 11-20 YSM groups (P = 0.007) and in the < 5 YSM versus > 20 YSM groups (P < 0.0001). The T score of BMDCorti by YSM differed significantly only between the < 5 YSM versus 11-20 YSM groups (P < 0.0001) and between the 11-20 YSM and > 20 YSM groups (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: In contrast with what has been postulated in recent studies, our results showed that postmenopausal bone loss was similar in the cortical and trabecular bone compartments in the first 20 years after menopause. Trabecular bone loss was greater than cortical bone loss in late menopause (> 20 years).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Total and regional bone mass and biochemical markers of bone remodeling in metastatic prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: The osteolytic activity of metastases of prostate cancer was evaluated in relation to total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and regional bone mineral content (RBMC). METHODS: Bone mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was measured as a biochemical marker of bone resorption. RESULTS: In 32 patients (mean age 72+/-4 years) compared with 32 controls (mean age 73+/-5 years), there were significant differences in TRAP (P < 0.0001), TBBMC (P < 0.0001), and RBMC in the pelvis (P < 0.0001), legs (P=0.0001), and trunk (P<0.05), but not in the arms and head (P=ns). In the overall group of subjects, the correlation between TBBMC and TRAP was r=-0.68, P < 0.0001. The correlations remained significant in the patient and control groups separately. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of bone mass observed in patients with metastatic prostate cancer was caused mainly by the predominance of bone resorption in the osteoblastic metastases.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

Metacarpal radiogrammetry by computed radiography in postmenopausal women with Colles' fracture and vertebral crush fracture syndrome.

Based on the hypothesis that the underlying osteoporotic mechanism of Colles' fracture in postmenopausal women is similar to that of other osteoporotic fractures, that is, cortical bone resorption as opposed to cancellous bone resorption, the rate of corticoendosteal bone loss was compared in 40 normal postmenopausal women [average age 68.4 +/- 7.1 years; 20 +/- 4 years since menopause (YSM)], in 35 postmenopausal women with Colles' fracture (age 69.4 +/- 7.5 years, 22 +/- 8 YSM), in 35 normal postmenopausal women with vertebral crush fracture (age 69.4 +/- 7.5 years, 22 +/- 8 YSM, and in 35 normal premenopausal women (age 36.1 +/- 7.9 years). Radiogrammetry by digital radiography of the second metacarpal was used to measure external (ED) and internal (ID) diameter, cortical thickness (CCT), cortical area (CA), and the ratio of cortical area to total area (CA/TA). The ID values of the groups of postmenopausal women were subtracted from the ID value of the premenopausal women and the result was divided by YSM to obtain the rate of corticoendosteal resorption/year (DeltaC), CA resorption year (DeltaCA) and CA/TA resorption/year (DeltaCA/TA). ID, DeltaC, DeltaCA, and DeltaCA/TA all were larger in the postmenopausal women with Colles' and vertebral crush fractures than in the normal postmenopausal women (ANOVA: all P < 0.0001). ID, CCT, DeltaC, CA, DeltaCA, and DeltaCA/TA did not differ between the two groups of postmenopausal women with fractures. DeltaC was 87% greater in postmenopausal women with vertebral crush fracture and 116% greater in women with Colles' fracture than in normal postmenopausal women. These results indicate that the loss of cortical bone is an important factor in Colles' fracture in postmenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ultrasonographic bone velocity in pregnancy: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal changes in bone mass were evaluated with use of ultrasonography and bone remodeling markers in 40 normal pregnant women in relation to their calcium intake. STUDY DESIGN: The study took place at the University of Alcalá Hospital in Madrid. Biochemical markers of bone remodeling and ultrasonographic bone propagation velocity in the proximal phalanxes of fingers 2 to 5 were measured in all three trimesters of pregnancy. Wilcoxon, unpaired and paired t tests, and analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic bone propagation velocity (meters per second) was lower in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.0001) compared with the respective preceding trimesters and in the third trimester in the overall group of pregnant women. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in parallel with the ultrasonographic bone propagation velocity decrease. CONCLUSIONS: Gestation was accompanied by a reduction in ultrasonographic bone propagation velocity that was greater in women with low calcium intake.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

Effects of zinc supplementation on vertebral and femoral bone mass in rats on strenuous treadmill training exercise.

The hypothesis that a zinc (Zn) deficit may cause osteopenia in athletes is well founded. In rats exposed to strenuous exercise, we evaluated the effect of a zinc supplement on femoral and vertebral bone mass determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Four lots of 93-day-old female Wistar rats were studied. A control group of 30 rats were not manipulated (Zn- Ex- group). The experimental group of 40 rats was fed a diet supplemented with an additional 20% of Zn/kg of feed; this group was divided into two groups of 20 rats each, one that did not exercise (Zn+ Ex-) and one that did (Zn+ Ex+). A group of 15 rats exercised but did not receive a zinc supplement (Zn- Ex+ group). Training consisted of treadmill running for 5 out of 7 days over an 11-week period. Initial speed, running time, and treadmill speed were increased gradually. Analysis of variance with the Bonferroni/Dunn test showed that the length, weight, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur were less in the Zn- Ex+ group than in the others (p < 0.008), and the weight, BMC, and BMD of the fifth lumbar vertebra also were lower in the Zn- Ex+ group than in the others (p < 0.008). These findings confirm the adverse effects of strenuous exercise (treadmill running) on bone tissue in rats and the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in preventing it.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Effect of lead on bone and cartilage in sexually mature rats: a morphometric and histomorphometry study.

The effect of exposure to lead on the longitudinal development of the femur and of its cartilage growth plate was studied in rats. A group of forty-five 50-day-old female Wistar rats was divided into a control group of 20 rats and an experimental group of 25 rats fed a diet supplemented with 17 mg of lead acetate per kilogram of feed for 50 days. On Day 50 all rats were killed and their right femurs were dissected. The femurs were cleaned of soft tissue and femoral lengths were measured with a Vernier caliper and thickness of growth cartilage (GPC-Th micron) by histomorphometry. Final body weights were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the control group than in the rats given the lead-supplemented diet. Femur length did not differ between groups. Histomorphometry of the femur showed that the thickness of growth cartilage was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group. These findings suggested lead-induced inhibition of growth plate development. The growth plate may be one of the key target tissues accounting for the adverse effects of chronic lead exposure on skeletal development.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Vertebral and metacarpal morphometry as indicators of nutritional improvement.

Because of the importance of nutrition in the development of bone mass, we studied the nutritional state, and bone state by means of metacarpal radiogrammetric measurements and vertebral morphometry in a group of 40 premenopausal women born between 1960 and 1970, mean age 29 +/- 5 years, and in another group of 40 postmenopausal women born between 1934 and 1944, mean age 55 +/- 4 years. Both groups were considered normal, the main characteristic distinguishing them being that the women born between 1934 and 1944 grew up in a period of widespread malnutrition in Spain and the women born between 1960 and 1970 grew up in a period of normal nutrition. Protein, carbohydrate and fat intake in these two periods differed significantly (p < 0.0001 in the three cases by Fischer's exact test). The values of the metacarpal measurements, anterior height of the dorsal vertebrae from T-4 to T-12, and posterior height from L-1 to L-4 between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups of women were significantly different (p < 0.001) (Anova test). These findings show the importance of nutrition in the development of bone mass during childhood.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Effect of lead on bone development and bone mass: a morphometric, densitometric, and histomorphometric study in growing rats.

The effect of exposure to lead on the longitudinal development of bone and on bone mass was studied in rats. A group of 35, 50-day-old female Wistar rats was divided into a control group of 15 rats and an experimental group of 20 rats fed a diet supplemented with 17 mg of lead acetate per kg feed for 50 days. Total body bone densitometry (TBBMC) was performed the day before ending the 50-day experiment. On day 50, all rats were killed and their right femur and 5th lumbar vertebra were dissected. The bones were cleaned of soft tissue and femoral length and vertebral length were measured with a caliper and all bones were weighed on a precision scale. Final body weight (P < 0.05), TBBMC (P < 0.005), and femur weight (P < 0.005) were significantly lower in the control group. Femur length did not differ between groups, but the length of the 5th lumbar vertebra was greater in the control group (P < 0.05). Histomorphometry of the femur showed that Cn-BV/TV, Tb-N, Tb-Th were lower (P < 0.05 in all) and Tb-Sp was higher (P < 0.05) in the group given the lead-supplemented diet. These findings suggested lead-induced inhibition of axial bone development and a histomorphometric decrease in bone mass, produced mainly by enhanced resorption, and a densitometric increase in bone mass, produced by lead accumulation in bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cortical bone resorption in osteoporosis.

A study was made of 110 women: 35 healthy premenopausal, 40 healthy postmenopausal, and 35 women diagnosed as having postmenopausal osteoporosis. The postmenopausal women had similar ages and years since menopause (YSM). In all of the women, total bone mass was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and metacarpal morphometry was evaluated by radiogrammetry on the second metacarpal of the nondominant hand, performed by computed radiography. An external metacarpal diameter of >/=7.4 mm was required as proof of having developed an adequate peak bone mass. The endosteal diameter, which is indicative of bone resorption in both groups of postmenopausal women, obtained in the postmenopausal groups was subtracted from the endosteal diameter obtained in the premenopausal group and the resulting figure was divided by the years since menopause to calculate the rate of cortical bone resorption/year for each group. The endosteal diameters values differed in the three groups studied (P < 0.0001): 3.2 +/- 0.7 mm in the healthy premenopausal women; 3.9 +/- 0.6 mm in the healthy postmenopausal women; and 4.7 +/- 0.5 mm in the osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The rate of cortical bone resorption was 0.068 +/- 0.002 mm/YSM (years since menopause) in the osteoporotic postmenopausal women and 0.033 +/- 0.003 mm/YSM in the healthy postmenopausal women (P < 0. 0001). These figures reflect the importance of bone resorption, as opposed to deficient bone formation, as a cause of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Influence of electromagnetic fields on bone mass and growth in developing rats: a morphometric, densitometric, and histomorphometric study.

The effect of electromagnetic fields on bone is debated. In an experimental study of this effect, we compared two lots of growing female rates (both lots n = 15, age 3 weeks, average weight 23.2 +/- 3.3 g), one of which was exposed to a 3-mT, 100-Hz, Helmholtz-type electromagnetic field for 24 hours a day for 30 days, and the other of which served as the control. Bone development and bone mass were evaluated by morphometry, densitometry, and histomorphometry. The rats were killed at 30 days and weighed. The right femurs were dissected, measured, and weighed; bone densitometry was used to determine femoral bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and histomorphometry of the nondecalcified bone was used to determine trabecular bone volume (Cn-BV-TV%), number (Tb-N mm) and thickness (Tb-Th microm), intertrabecular space (Tb-Sp microm) and growth cartilage thickness (Gc-Th microm). In the rats exposed to the electromagnetic field, BMC and BMD (P = 0.019 and P = 0.002, respectively) and Cn-BV-TV, Tb-N, Tb-Th (P = 0.005, P = 0.036, and P = 0.027, respectively) all were decreased, whereas Tb-Sp was increased (P = 0.002). There were no significant differences in initial and final body weight, or in final femur weight, femur length, and GC-Th. These findings indicate that electromagnetic fields of the type used here reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption without affecting bone development in rats.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Complementary medical treatment for Colles' fracture: a comparative, randomized, longitudinal study.

In 45 women with Colles' fracture, two types of complementary medical treatment (calcitonin with calcium [SCT+Ca] and calcium alone [Ca]) were compared with placebo. Consecutive patients were assigned randomly to one of the three study groups at the time of inclusion in the study: 15 women (68.6 +/- 5.7 years) were given 100 IU/day I.M. of SCT plus 1200 mg of elemental Ca for 10 successive days each month; 15 women (71.7 +/- 6.1 years) were given only 1200 mg of elemental Ca for 10 days each month; and 15 women (66.9 +/- 7. 9 years) were treated with placebo. Biochemical and radiogrammetric studies were made at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. In the SCT+Ca group tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase decreased (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.014) and the metacarpal index and the cortical and total area (CA/TA) ratio increased (both P = 0.001). In the group treated with Ca alone, no changes were observed. In the placebo group, the metacarpal index and CA/TA decreased (P = 0.015 and P = 0.007, respectively). Ca alone, at the dosage used here, inhibited bone loss after Colles' fracture. The addition of SCT to Ca administration not only impeded bone loss but significantly increased cortical bone mass.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Influence of body mass index on the age-related slope of total and regional bone mineral content.

The influence of body mass index (BMI) on T scores for total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and regional bone mineral content (RBMC) was studied in 186 healthy women: 100 postmenopausal, 35 perimenopausal, and 51 premenopausal. The three groups were divided by BMI >25 kg/m2 and BMI <25 kg/m2 and the postmenopausal women were further subdivided by years since menopause (YSM): <10, 10-20, and >20. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) concentration was higher in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with BMI <25 kg/m2 (P < 0.001). T scores for TBBMC and for axial or peripheral RBMC differed (P < 0.05 in all) between women with BMI >25 kg/m2 and BMI <25 kg/m2. The rate of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age-related slope of BMC, as reflected in all measurements, differed with BMI. In the overall group of women, the T score for TBBMC correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.46, P < 0.0001); this correlation increased when adjusted for age (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001). BMI correlated with TRAP only in postmenopausal women (r = 0.57, P < 0. 0001). Yearly TBBMC decline was twice as high in postmenopausal women with BMI <25 kg/m2 (P = 0.0004) than in those with BMI >25 kg/m2; the decline of trunk RBMC was more significant (P < 0.0001). These findings confirm the influence of BMI and gonadal status on bone mass.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of three bone densitometry methods in osteoporotic women.

Three techniques of bone mass measurement were evaluated in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis; the overlap in the measurements and the capacity for discriminating was determined among 51 postmenopausal normal (mean age 66.6 +/- 8.4 years) and 42 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (mean age 68.5 +/- 7.5 years). All bone mass was evaluated by total body bone mineral content (BMCTB), density (BMDTB), ultrasound bone velocity (UBV) in proximal phalanxes 2-5 of the nondominant hand (UBV = mean value of all ultrasound measurements), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the nondominant forearm (pQCT). BMCTB was found to be significantly better (P < 0.0001) for diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis than the other methods; both cortical and trabecular pQCT measurements were more discriminating than the corresponding UBV measurements (P < 0.001). T-score values in normals, subjects versus osteoporotic ones were BMCTB -1.15 +/- 0.79 versus -3.17 +/- 0.74; BMDTB -1.01 +/- 0.97 versus -3.28 +/- 0.81; UBV -1.51 +/- 1.02 versus -2.34 +/- 1.21; trabecular-pQCT -0.40 +/- 0.72 versus -1.57 +/- 0.37; cortical-pQCT -1.00 +/- 0.87 versus -2.67 +/- 0.53; and total-pQCT -0.65 +/- 1.01 versus -2.34 +/- 0.27, respectively. The overlap in values between the postmenopausal normal and postmenopausal osteoporotic groups was 50% with UBV, 6% with BMCTB, 9% with BMDTB, 25% with cortical pQCT, and 42% with trabecular pQCT. BMCTB, BMDTB, UBV, and pQCT correlated well with each other as measurements of bone mass, but BMCTB was more discriminating than the other measurements in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Influence of weight and gonadal status on total and regional bone mineral content and on weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones, measured by dual-energy X-ray absosorptiometry.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of weight on total body bone mineral content (BMCTB) and regional body bone mineral content (head, arms, trunk and legs). This was studied in accordance with gonadal status and the weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing status of each region. METHODS: The study included 94 postmenopausal women (mean age 60.6 +/- 10.5 years), 36 perimenopausal women (mean age 49.0 +/- 2.3 years) and 60 premenopausal women (mean age 36.1 +/- 6.9 years). Full-body bone densitometry (DXA), for measuring total body bone and regional bone mineral content, was carried out in all the women. RESULTS: Among these groups, the influence of 1 kg of body weight on total and regional bone mineral content (percent) did not differ (paired test P ns). In the overall group of women, paired comparison showed differences between the head and other zones measured (P = 0.036-0.004). In the overall group of women, no differences were found in the percent influence of 1 kg body weight on bone mineral content in any study zone (by ANOVA, Fisher's PLSD post hoc test and the Kruskal-Wallis test). In the overall group of women, Fisher's r to z test revealed a non-significant relationship between weight and the bone mineral content of the head (r = 0.49, P ns) but in every other region the relationship between weight and bone mineral content was significant (r = 0.36-0.54, P < 0.0001 in all). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of body weight on BMCTB and regional did not differ significantly with either gonadal status or weight-bearing (legs) and non-weight-bearing bones (arms).

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Heterogeneity of trabecular and cortical postmenopausal bone loss: a longitudinal study with pQCT.

Eighty-one women were studied longitudinally to measure trabecular bone mineral density (BMDTrab) and cortical bone mineral density (BMDCorti) in the distal radius by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at intervals of about 1 year and to calculate the rate of percent change/year. Fifty-three women were naturally postmenopausal [mean age 63.3 +/- 5.3 years, age at menopause 50.7 +/- 3.8 years, 13 years since menopause (YSM)] and 28 had been ovariectomized (mean age 52.7 +/- 5.8 years, age at menopause 39.5 +/- 5.0 years, 13 YSM). There was no difference between groups (ANOVA) in the rate of percent change/years in BMDTrab (p = 0.692), but there was in BMDCorti (p = 0.020). When the women who had either gained or lost bone mass were compared (chi-square test), only BMDCorti differed significantly (p = 0.018). Considering > -2.5% change/years as the limit for rapid bone mass loss, BMDTrab values showed that 43% of the naturally postmenopausal women and 42.7% of the ovariectomized women had rapid bone loss (p ns). On the basis of BMDCorti values, 45% of the naturally postmenopausal women and 28.4% of the ovariectomized women had rapid bone loss (p = 0.018). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, YSM, and years of reproductive life did not differ (ANOVA) between the women who gained or lost either BMDTrab or BMDCorti. Using Fisher's r to z and partial correlation adjusted for age and YSM of the percent change/year in BMDTrab and BMDCorti in the overall group and in each menopausal group, only BMDCorti differed.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasound bone velocity on proximal phalanges in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal healthy women.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors studied premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women to determine if ultrasound bone velocity (UBV) on proximal phalanges of women reflect bone changes related to gonadal status and age. METHODS: A total of 166 healthy women-64 postmenopausal women (mean age 58.7 +/- 9.4 years), 41 perimenopausal women (mean age 49.5 +/- 2.9 years), and 61 premenopausal women (mean age 36.8 +/- 7.1 years)-were studied. All the women underwent UBV study of the 2nd to 5th proximal phalanges on the nondominant hand and the mean value of all ultrasound measurements was calculated. RESULTS: The postmenopausal women had a UBV that differed significantly, one-way analysis of variance, from that of the perimenopausal women and premenopausal women (both P < 0.001). The UBV measurements of the perimenopausal women differed significantly from those of the premenopausal women (P < 0.01). Simple linear regression analysis of the relation between UBV and age showed that this was significant and negative in the overall group of women (r = -0.69; P < 0.0001), significant in the perimenopausal (r = -0.66; P < 0.001) and postmenopausal women (r = -0.69; P < 0.001) and nonsignificant in the premenopausal women (r = 0.08; P not significant). In the postmenopausal women, the correlation between UBV and years since menopause was larger (r = -0.71; P < 0.0001) than the correlation between UBV and chronological age. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound bone velocity of the phalanx, as a method for measuring changes in bone with age, has a precision that makes it possible to detect changes in bone mass in perimenopausal women and may perform similarly to other bone mass measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Influence of soft tissue (fat and fat-free mass) on ultrasound bone velocity: an in vivo study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors determine the relative effect of soft-tissue compartments, body fat (percent [%Bfat] and weight [Bfat kg]) and fat-free mass (FFM kg), on measurements of ultrasound bone velocity (UBV m/second). METHODS: The authors measured UBV in proximal phalanxes and body fat and fat-free mass by near infrared interactance in 40 healthy premenopausal women (mean age +/- standard deviation 28.2 +/- 3.8 years). RESULTS: Correlation study (Fisher's r to z) showed that UBV correlated negatively with %Bfat (r = -0.61, P < 0.0001), Bfat kg (r = -0.56, P = 0.0001) and marginally with body weight (r = -0.33, P = 0.0403), but did not correlate with FFM kg or H2O L (both r = -0.08, P not significant). When the correlation test was adjusted for weight and age (partial correlation), the negative correlation between UBV and %Bfat persisted (r = -0.54, P < 0.0005; and r = -0.63, P < 0.0001, respectively) and the correlation with FFM kg, adjusted for weight, became positive and significant (r = 0.55, P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: These results, to our knowledge, are the first to be obtained by in vivo evaluation of UBV in relation to body fat and fat-free mass. Body fat, but not fat-free mass, was the main factor affecting UBV. This confirms the deficiency of UBV measurements, considering that obesity is a protective factor for bone mass.

Adipose Tissue↗