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Biomedical subjects

M Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to M Reiss.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Some aspects of focal infections of the head and neck region].

The so-called focal infections are today considered to be poly-etiologic manifestations, in which there is a summation of various aggressions. The concept of focal infection is still not exactly defined. Bacterial products, toxic or antigenic substances originating from different foci are but one of the elements susceptible of unleashing the disease. This explains why there are so many foci and so few results after their elimination. The diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis or occult sinusitis especially concerning a focal disease is sometimes difficult. The ENT-specialist is responsible for both the detection of a focus in the head and neck region and its operative treatment. The interrelationship between a focal infection and its actual secondary disease must be diagnosed by the primarily inquired doctor. The diagnosis and the treatment of focal infections of the head and neck region are an interdisciplinary problem.

Empyema↗
PubMed2000

[Bad breath--etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

Oral malodor has many etiologies and is a clinical problem for many people. This paper reviews the causes and management of oral malador. In the majority of cases the problem has been shown to originate in the oral cavity. Oral malodor, a generic descriptor term for foul smells emanating from the mouth, encompasses ozostomia, stomatodysodia, halitosis (both pathological halitosis and physiological halitosis) and fetor oris or fetor ex ore. These latter terms, in turn, denote different sources of oral malodor. All conditions that favour the retention of anaerobic, mainly gram-negative, bacteria will predispose for the development of bad breath. In addition to periodontal pockets, the most important retention site is the dorsum of the tongue with its numerous papillae. During the night and between meals the conditions are optimal for odour production. Systemic pathological states, such as diabetes mellitus, uremia and hepatic diseases, induce metabolic products that are detectable as oral smells. It is always easy to recognize halitosis, but identifying the exact cause is more complex. The clinical labelling and interpretation of different oral malodors both contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of underlying disease. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

[Progressive hearing loss].

Progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is defined as hearing loss of unknown etiology with fairly high-speed progression. Its diagnostic criteria consist of the following: that it is 1) progressive, 2) with bilateral involvement, and 3) of unknown etiology. Due to recent advances in diagnostics, imaging and management, SNHL has gained much interest from otologists in the last few years. They provide new insight into the physiology and pathophysiology of hearing. SNHL which is sudden in onset, fluctuating, and/or progressive complicates medical management, hearing aid selection, and individualized educational planning for a hearing-impaired patient. Existing hypotheses on the etiology of SNHL are judged on experimental, clinical, laboratory and radiological evidence. Cardiovascular and rheologic diseases, hereditary disorders, immunological phenomena, infections, environmental causes like noise, ototoxic drugs and industrial substances and systemic maladies must be included in the diagnostic reflections. Potential concepts of treatment include rheologic medications and corticosteroids. Hearing aids and timely cochlear implant operation are further possible forms of treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Certain aspects of plastic surgery in the head and neck area].

The spectrum of plastic surgery in the head and neck area is wide. The indications for as well as potentials and limits too, aesthetic surgery cannot be pressed into a rigid framework. The operative strategy will substantively depend on several factors, including objectivated local findings from, as well as general situation and motivation, of the patient. In plastic surgery the psychological situation of the patient is very often paramount, especially as regards cosmetic aspects. Sometimes the declared motives of the patient hide emotional disorders. Several examples show the practicability and limits. The possibilities of corrective action depend not only on the local findings but also on the surgeon's experience and skill.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2000

[Internet--an introduction].

The internet is an excellent medium for storing and quickly disseminating large amounts of information on a global basis. Modern medicine requires a rapid access to information including clinical data from medical records, bibliographic databases, knowledge bases and nomenclature databases. This is especially true for university hospitals and medical schools for training as well as for fundamental and clinical research for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Therefore, the internet with its constantly increasing offers plays a more and more important role in scientific research. This review focuses on how developments of this communication technology have become a useful educational resource in medicine, and describes modest ideas in computer network use. Internet basic resources are electronic mailing (e-mail), discussion groups, file transfer, and browsing the World Wide Web (WWW).

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed2000

[Patulous eustachian tube--diagnosis and therapy].

The patulous Eustachian tube (tuba aperta) is a benign condition that may be overlooked or misdiagnosed. It is a distressing condition for the patient with such symptoms as autophony and a sensation of fullness in the ear. One third of the women with the diagnosis are pregnant or taking oestrogens. The diagnosis is made by the history of fullness or blockage and hearing one's own voice and breath in the ear. The drum is usually atrophic and moves with respiration but this may not be visible. The usual past history is of weight loss. The patulous Eustachian tube is frequently associated with peritubal atrophy, and usually responds to conservative measures such as weight gain. The application of nose drops is wrong. Why some patients with a patulous tube and movement of the drum with respiration have no symptoms and other patients with very bothersome symptoms have so few objective signs and no movement of the drum that can be observed with respiration, remains a mystery.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1999

[Swallowed dental prosthesis].

A 66 year old man presented at the ambulatory with acute dysphagia. Inspectorial and radiologic examination revealed a swallowed dental prosthesis. The importance of the history and the clinical and radiological examination are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Current aspects of handedness].

Handedness is one example of many forms of behavioural lateralization seen in humans. Left-handedness has existed in a small subset of the human population, approximately 8%, since the origin of man. The incidence of left-handedness is usually reported to be consistent among human populations. Sinistrality is more common in males than in females. A vast range of testing techniques have been used to assess handedness. There are preference and performance tests. Writing hand and self-report are two of the most popular techniques. There is a strong evidence that the dominance of language functions in the cerebral cortex is different in left-handed from that in right-handed people. An understanding of handedness may provide valuables clues as to how the brain becomes organized the way it is. Several theories have been advanced over the years to explain the genesis of handedness and, in particular, left-handedness. Theories have ranged from genetic models to socio-cultural theories. Other authors suggested a pathological origin of left-handedness in man. Left-handedness runs in families and adoption studies suggests a genetic rather than an environmental origin. However, monozygotic twins appear to be substantially discordant. A polygenetic explanation which takes environmental influences into consideration is probably called for.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Differential diagnosis of otalgia].

BACKGROUND: Otalgia is the sensation of pain in the ear, while referred otalgia is pain felt in the ear but originating from a nonotologic source. Ear pain is a diagnostic problem when examination of the ear shows no pathology. This article reviews the anatomic basis for referred otalgia and shows the common etiologies responsible for this symptom. OTALGIA: Pain in the ear can be caused by inflammation of the external meatus or the middle ear. Nonotogenic otalgia may be due to referred or reflex pain, neuralgia, or to a psychogenic problem. Otalgia may be referred also from primary carcinoma of the head and neck. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the head and neck is required. A basic knowledge of neuroanatomy, with emphasis on the cranial nerves, their course, distribution, and function, is also necessary. Referred pain is due to irritative lesions involving the fifth, ninth, or tenth cranial nerve and spinal nerves C2 and C3. If pathologic problems in the area supplied by these nerves have been ruled out, the neuralgia should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Psychogenic factors must be identified and treated before any type of surgical therapy is recommended. The complexity of this field may sometimes require the treating physician to call for consultations from colleagues in the fields of oral surgery, orthopaedics, neurology, or neurosurgery.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1999

[Some aspects of glossodynia].

Glossodynia (synonym: burning mouth syndrome) is thought to be a disorder with a wide range of possible causes. Aetiologies may include haematological diseases, vitamin deficiencies, dental work, hormonal factors, or infections. In addition, psychological disorders such as neuroses, depression, or phobias have been reported as playing a significant role in the initiation of burning mouth syndrome. Typically, the oral mucosa is found to be normal in most burning mouth syndrome patients. A multidisciplinary approach appears to be essential for appropriate assessment of this disorder, i.e. the diagnostic procedure should involve dentistry, neurology, and internal medicine. If possible, careful treatment of underlying causes must be undertaken. However, the replacement of suspected but unproven hormonal/nutritional deficiencies should be avoided.

Glossalgia↗
PubMed1999

[Cotton swabs and ear cleaning. Should one do it or not?].

Cotton tips for cleaning out the auditory canal are readily available from drugstores and supermarkets. They supposedly represent a safe means of cleaning the ears and nose. It is the purpose of the present paper to show that the insertion into the ear or nose of foreign bodies in the form of cotton tips is not only absolutely unnecessary, but is also potentially dangerous.

Cerumen↗