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Biomedical subjects

M Reiser

Publications and source records attributed to M Reiser.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The value of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in staging of bone and soft tissue sarcomas].

The prognosis of survival in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas is definitely correlated with compartmental tumor extension at the time of surgery and with the surgical margins achieved by resection. Preoperative planning and selection of an adequate surgical treatment procedure require a maximum of information on the tumor size, compartmental extension, proximity to the physis, skin layers, and the vessels and nerves. This information is indispensable and can only be obtained by a combination of several diagnostic investigations, MRI being of utmost importance. Whereas CT is superior in illustrating the bone structure, MRI outclasses CT in outlining the intraosseous tumor extension and the extraosseous tumor components. The latter aspects are especially important in planning and performing tumor resection. With the combined use of gradient echo sequences and Gadolinium DTPA with MRI, appreciation of the tumor margin and response to polychemotherapy may be possible in the future.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[The use of gadolinium-DTPA in inflammatory bone diseases].

In bacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis para-osseous spreading is sensitively detected by Gadolinium-DTPA. Abscessed cavities and membranes are better imaged than with T1- and T2-weighted MRT-sequences without contrast medium. In chronic osteomyelitis it is of advantage, that also florid inflammatory process can be detected. Gadolinium-DTPA selectively induces a signal increase in the synovial pannus, that allows the differentiation from articular effusion. In inflamed para-articular soft tissue only a retarded signal increase is detectable.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1988

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type IV, with an unusual combination of organ malformations.

A patient having type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is described because of an uncommon combination of malformations. He had multiple aneurysms, a hepatic artery-to-portal vein fistula, and diverticula of the biliary passages, the sigmoid colon, and bladder. He also suffered from scoliosis and dilatation of inner and outer cerebral spinal fluid containing spaces.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

[Value of MR for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy follow-up of Perthes' disease].

59 children were examined by MR, including 31 with Perthes' disease, 7 with subluxating Perthes' disease and 12 with hip pain of unknown origin; the results were compared with conventional radiological findings. MR was superior for the early recognition and for the exact determination of the extent and localisation of juvenile femoral epiphyseal necrosis. It was also of great help in differential diagnosis. It appears to be a suitable method for judging the effect of therapy at an early stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Efficient use of flash sequences in the staging of bone and soft tissue tumors].

Delineation of neoplasms from normal tissue is possible using Flash sequences. These sequences prove useful in preoperative staging of bone tumours and soft tissue tumours. However, contrast between neoplastic and surrounding normal tissue is lower than in optimal selected spin-echo sequences. Flash-90 sequence is superior to Flash-10 sequence in the demonstration of intraosseous extension of predominantly sclerotic, calcified and purely fibrous tumours. In contrast, Flash-10 sequence proves superior for the demarcation of osteolytic tumours with minimal fibrous tissue content. Delineation of extraosseous tumour masses against muscle can best be achieved using Flash-90 sequence after intravenous administration of Gadolinium-DTPA. Flash-90 sequence enables sharp demarcation of extraosseous masses of bone tumours against surrounding fat, whereas Flash-10 sequence proves useful in the delineation of non-lipomatous soft tissue tumours against normal fat.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Skeletal changes following long-term treatment with retinoids].

The synthetic retinoids, the vitamin-D-derivatives etretinate and isotretinoin, have substantially enlarged the therapeutic arsenal in dermatology. They are primarily used in severe cases of acne and cornification disorders. In the majority of cases, long-term treatment is necessary. Certain side effects in the skeletal system can occur, e.g., osteoporosis, premature epiphyseal closure, and changes similar to DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis). We discuss the reports in the literature and our own observations in 31 patients treated at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Muenster, as well as at the Technical University in Munich. In 3 out of 31 patients treated by retinoids on a long-term basis, skeletal changes were found radiologically as a result of the retinoid medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Imaging of osteoid osteoma by MR tomography].

We report the demonstration of eight osteoid osteomas by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nidus could be depicted showing intermediate signal intensity in T1-weighted and intermediate or increased signal intensity in T2-weighted sequences. It was embedded in thickened bone cortex, which demonstrated a signal-free zone. A different pattern was found in a subchondral osteoid osteoma of the talar dome, in which neither nidus nor sclerotic margin could be delineated. MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool in osteoid osteomas and may provide important information in addition to conventional imaging methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical analysis of thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase in hypothalamic neurons of Brattleboro rat.

The immunolocalization of thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase (TPO) in CNS of Wistar rats and homozygous Brattleboro rats was investigated by use of monospecific antiserum and Sternberger's unlabelled immunoenzyme technique. It was revealed that TPO is present in hypothalamic neurons belonging to nucleus supraopticus and paraventricularis. The number of immunopositive nerve cells was reduced in Brattleboro rats as compared to Wistar rats. It was concluded that TPO must have tasks in CNS unrelated to the management of vasopressin production and/or processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Computerized tomography imaging of shoulder joint injuries].

In addition to conventional radiography using standard and special projections, CT offers valuable information in selected cases. Native CT allows detection of minimal bony lesions, which may cause severe pain that is resistant to therapy. Small amounts of joint effusion as well as the Hill-Sachs impression fracture of the humeral head can be detected with a high degree of accuracy. Following intra-articular injection of contrast medium, CT-arthrography enables visualization of capsular and ligamentous injuries of the shoulder joint. Lesions of the glenoid labrum following shoulder dislocation can be detected and classified by this method.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1988

[Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance tomography in soft tissue tumors].

The modern cross-sectional imaging techniques, e.g. CT and MR, have brought about a significant improvement in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. CT allows these neoplasms to be detected with relatively high sensitivity and their extension to be assessed. MR has proved to be superior to CT owing to the high soft tissue contrast it provides and its multi-planar imaging capabilities. Gadolinium-DTPA, a paramagnetic agent, can be utilized to good advantage as contrast material in MR; it yields further information as to the malignancy or otherwise of particular tumors. In addition, differentiation of tumor recurrences from other postoperative alterations seems to be feasible.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Possibilities of magnetic resonance tomography in diagnostic imaging of the shoulder joint].

By virtue of its multiplanar representation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows clear visualization of the complex anatomical relationships of the shoulder joint. In addition to axial planes, slices perpendicular and parallel to the glenoid cavity are used to good advantage. In tears of the rotator cuff an increase in signal intensity within the cuff is recognized in T2- and proton-density-weighted images. Lesions of the glenoid labrum following luxations of the glenohumeral joint can be detected and classified using MRI. The diagnostic value of MRI as compared with other imaging modalities will have to be evaluated in larger series with operative verification.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1988

[Time-dependent changes in signal intensity in neoplastic and inflammatory lesions of the musculoskeletal system following intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA].

In 48 patients with primary and secondary bone and soft tissue tumors and in 6 patients with inflammatory diseases of bone, the increase in signal intensity after i.v. administration of Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg body wt) was assessed in pathologic and normal tissues of the musculoskeletal system by means of a FLASH sequence (TR = 40 ms, TE = 10 ms, tip angle 90 degrees). In normal tissues the increase of signal intensity was slower and less pronounced than in lesions. Malignant tumors showed a more pronounced and rapid increase in signal intensity than benign tumors and inflammatory tissue. It was possible to differentiate necrotic areas and peritumorous edema from tumorous and inflammatory tissue. The increase in signal intensity was perceptibly slower and less pronounced in malignant tumors exposed to cytostatic therapy than in malignant tumors without therapy.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Selective digital subtraction arteriography in necrosis of the femoral head.

Selective digital subtraction arteriographic investigations of the arteries of the femoral head in 31 patients with traumatic and 34 patients with nontraumatic femoral head necrosis (FHN) were compared with investigations in a control group of 35 patients without hip disease. In the control group and in patients with nontraumatic FHN atypical arteriographic findings were found only in one third of cases. In traumatic FHN, however, vascular alterations could be detected in 97% of cases. This evidence suggests that damage to the femoral head vessels is a major etiological factor in traumatic, but not in nontraumatic, FHN. In late arterial phases of DSA a perinecrotic hypervascularization was the common feature in all nontraumatic necroses and could be observed in 71% of traumatic necroses. Its pathophysiological mechanism is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Age-related morphology of the normal pancreas on computed tomography.

Abdominal computed tomographic scans were performed on a group of 360 patients between the ages of 20 and 80 years. The anteroposterior diameter of the pancreatic head, body, and tail, the age-related ratio of vertebral body-pancreas diameter, and the external and internal contours of the organ were analyzed. The age-related changes in the pancreas were compared with known anatomical findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

DSA--control of implanted devices for arterial hepatic perfusion.

In contrast to conventional film angiography, the perfusion pattern of hepatic arterial chemotherapy was consistently visualized by DSA in 40 patients with implanted Infusaid pump or Port-A devices. Incomplete perfusion of a liver region by the cytotoxic agent was recognized by DSA as accurately as by nuclide scintigraphy. Furthermore, DSA appeared to be more sensitive in determining aberrantly perfused extrahepatic regions; this was especially true when there was a nonligated right hepatic artery. Specific details of vascular lesions and associated complicating events also could be satisfactorily analyzed by DSA only.

Adult↗