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Biomedical subjects

M Reinhardt

Publications and source records attributed to M Reinhardt.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Effect of various liver diseases on the activity of 2 subtypes of cytochrome P-450].

The elimination of caffeine from the plasma and the elimination of metamizol-metabolites in urine were determined in 37 patients with different liver diseases. In severe liver diseases the demethylation of caffeine as well as the metabolism of metamizol is significantly reduced. The extent of reduced elimination capacity depends on the severity of the disease rather than on the type of disease. In patients with liver cirrhosis the determination of synthesis capacity and of humoral activity (s. tab. I) is suitable to evaluate the capacity of the cytochrome P-450 system. In noncirrhotic diseases only the activity of liver disease (tab. I.) determines the extent of reduced biotransformation capacity. Beside biotransformation-phase I, the acetylation--phase II biotransformation--also appears to be reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiology of hormone dependent malignant tumors--ovulation inhibitors and liver tumors].

Since the first descriptions of liver tumours associated with the intake of steroid contraceptives, the literature has presented an increasing number of case reports as well as epidemiological studies on the relationship between benign liver tumours and the utilization of these drugs. We report 11 benign cases and one malignant case of liver tumours in connection with the intake of these steroid preparations.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

[Colchicine therapy of fibrosing liver diseases--report of a randomized double-blind study].

It is reported on results of a double blind study of colchicine therapy in fibrotic liver diseases over a period of three years. The study includes 74 probands; 37 of them had been treated after randomization for five days a week with 4 X 0,25 mg/d colchicine, 37 with placebo. 53 probands attained the 12th month of treatment, 43 of them 24th, 24 probands were in the study for 36 months. 3 diagnoses groups had been formed with regard to the histological grades of fibrosis: chronic hepatitis (without structural transformation); structural liver transformation/moderate liver cirrhosis; severe liver cirrhosis. In 38 cases the disease was caused by alcohol. 45 data had been studied (clinical results, paraclinical data concerning hepatological diagnostic and connective tissue metabolism and morphologic data). The biometric evaluation was carried out with the stage variant analysis by Friedman. Rebiopsies have been carried out in 40 probands after 1 year, in 4 probands after 2 years. 4 data (Serumalbumine, Gamma-GT, ALAT, KP) showed significant changes in the colchicine-group as well as in the placebo-group. In both therapy groups the morphologic supervisions of the fibrosis grades (rebiopsies) showed improvements, no changes, and deterioration about in the same frequency. In this study there was no effectiveness of colchicine on the course of fibrotic liver diseases to be stated. Concerning the contradictions in the recent literature and probable the insufficient colchicine dose, the authors recommend further studies on colchicine therapy in liver diseases with incipient i.e. reversible fibrosis.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

[Causes of gastrointestinal hemorrhages in chronic liver diseases].

356 patients with chronic liver diseases hospitalized in our clinic during the period from January 1, 1981, to December 12, 1983, were enrolled in a retrospective study. Of them 55 had been admitted for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It appears that gastroscopy is the only method allowing to localize the origin of the bleeding with high certainty. Bleedings from varices (45%) and ulcers or erosions (22%) were seen most frequently. With regard to case history, clinic, paraclinic and prognosis, no significant differences were found between these various origins of the hemorrhages. Also it is remarkable that all bleedings occur with higher frequency in portal hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of furosemide in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Ten patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver, 7 patients with portal decompensated cirrhosis of the liver and 10 patients with intact liver function were investigated. After intravenous injection of 40 mg furosemide elimination half-life, total and excretory clearance were not significantly different in the 3 groups investigated, but renal clearance was enhanced in the 2 cirrhosis groups and nonrenal clearance diminished in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. In those patients distributional volumes were significantly higher than in the control group. According to the increased urinary excretion of unchanged furosemide in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, the pharmacodynamic effect of the drug is enhanced: In the first 4-h-collecting period the excretion of water, chloride and sodium is significantly more increased than in the control group. After a period of 24 h this effect is still noticeable. The effect of furosemide on the excretion of potassium, creatinine and urea nitrogen is not significantly influenced by liver disease. Doubling the dose from 40 to 80 mg furosemide did not enhance the diuretic effect of the drug despite the doubled urinary excretion of unchanged furosemide.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The so-called dihydralazine hepatitis. A contribution to the pathogenesis].

Liver injuries following application of dihydralazine in 14 patients, ten of them with the typical pattern of perivenous liver cell necrosis, are reported. The other 4 patients, all having been exposed to additional hepatotoxic substances, histologically showed mixed patterns of tissue injury in liver biopsy. Moreover, in 6 of 14 patients there were diseases in the upper abdomen and/or metabolic disorders as well as an exposition to chemical hepatotoxic substances, or an additional application of potential hepatotoxic drugs. 9 of 14 patients had been treated with propranolol and dihydralazine simultaneously. One female patient showed the typical morphologic pattern of 'dihydralazine-damage' after application of propranolol only. In 3 cases with reexposition of dihydralazine merely one of them developed the typical histological behaviour documented in the literature. Distinct fibrosis of the liver remained in 2 cases. Consequently, to the hitherto existing pathogenetic concept of dihydralazine-caused liver injury as a metabolic-toxic-allergic one, there is to be added the new aspect of summing up of the actions of various additional noxious agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Incidence of posthepatic sequelae of acute viral hepatitis C].

There are not yet any ascertained results concerning the prognosis of the non-A/non-B hepatitis not depending on transfusion. In an identical source of infection meanwhile several working teams in the GDR by means of long-term observations for three years control groups of women able to propagate who were incubated by a hepatitis C-virus (of the non-A/non-B group of the hepatotropic viruses), so that first evidence on posthepatitic sequelae after hepatitis C is possible. Of 115 women who were treated with anti-D-globulin contaminated with C virus 57 women fell ill (= 49.5%). Of them 39 patients (3 68.4%) were cured after 3 years, 7 patients (6 12.3%) showed the signs of a residual hepatitis, 10 patients (3 17.5%) showed a chronically persisting and 1 patient (= 1.75%) a chronically active hepatitis. The results presented are compared to those of other working teams of our country.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Contributions to the epidemiology of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis.

The real prevalence of liver cirrhosis within the total population is unknown. Our own statistic evaluations of the mortality from liver cirrhosis in relation to the death rate and investigations in fatal accidents may suppose a real prevalence of nearly 1% in the population of the GDR. Investigations of trends have shown a rising rate of incidence and mortality from liver cirrhosis in the GDR, mainly caused by alcoholic cirrhosis. There are positive correlations with the increasing alcohol consumption and negative ones with hepatitis incidence. Liver cirrhoses are accompanied by a high percentage of secondary diseases especially by gastroenterologic, cardiologic and metabolic disorders. The increase of alcoholic cirrhoses in the age group 20-40 years from 35% 1970 to 63% 1978 with the peak for men between 30-50 years will be of economic importance. Main topics for the epidemiologic research of liver cirrhosis have been discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Sequence determination of the 3' end of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA.

70S RNA has been prepared from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) produced by the GR tumor cell line. After denaturation for 3 min at 60 degrees C the RNA was applied to a sucrose gradient and molecules sedimenting between 10-16S were selected and passed over an oligo-dT cellulose column. The poly A containing RNA fraction was used as a template for the synthesis of complementary DNA with reverse transcriptase in the presence of dideoxynucleoside triphosphates. Oligo-nucleotides p(dT)7rG, p(dT)7rA and (p(dT)7rC were tested for their primer activity. Two of the three primers gave readable sequences. This suggests a heterogeneity in the 3' end of the viral RNA, a phenomenon also observed with avian retroviruses. Nucleotides 37-45 from the 3' end are made up of only A's and T's and resemble a Hogness box. This finding could have biological consequences for the transcription of proviral DNA in the unintegrated and integrated state. Instead of the usual AAUAAA sequence present in mRNA's close and in front of the site of polyadenylation we find a sequence AGUAAA.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the quality of breast milk during 23 months of lactation in a rural community of the Ivory Coast.

Milk samples from 33 women from a rural area of the Ivory Coast were analyzed once a month. In two longitudinal studies covering 23 months of breast feeding, analyses of lipid components and protein were performed. The compositions remained virtually constant over 23 months of lactation except for a decrease of protein concentration during the first 6 months, a rising trend of myristic acid (14:0) and a falling trend of oleic acid (18:1). Infants were growing well on breast milk with nothing else for the first 5 months, but thereafter their growth curves were no longer satisfactory as judged by Western standards: weight for age (percentage of Harvard standards) decreased from 5 to 10 months of age to level off thereafter at a value of 80%. The mothers' weight for height remained constant. In a cross-sectional study, additional determinations were performed: aminograms, lactose, calories, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and vitamin E. All data were compared with those of the literature. Lauric (12:0) and myristic (14:0) acids were higher, total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids lower than those published for Western countries. Plasma composition of the mothers showed lower levels of albumin, lipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as blood hemoglobin. Possible correlations between various variables such as milk composition, plasma levels, and anthropometry were calculated and discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[Realta Institution in the eastern Swiss agreement on punishment and sentences].

The coming into effect of the Swiss Penal Code in 1942, marked a decisive step toward the protection of rights in our country. The agreement of Eastern Switzerland on the executive of sentences is based on article 383, paragraph 2 and it establishes that cantons may pass agreements on the common management of their institutions. The following cantons have joined in the above-mentioned convention: Zurich, Glaris, Schaffhouse, both Appenzells, St-Gall, Thurgovie and the Grisons. These cantons share different tasks related to the executive of sentences. The prison of Realta, in the canton of the Grisons, allows special imprisonment (art. 42), when sentences may be carried out in open prisons. In 1978 the canton of the Grisons has marked a new prescription concerning imprisonment which takes into account all the requirements of the European convention on Human Rights and the Swiss Penal Code. Partial imprisonment is possible when the execution of a full-time sentence has been refused. A qualification system has been introduced which is essentially based on the work and behaviour of residents. Employment of free time, tolerance to imprisonment, contact with the outside world, disciplinary punishments, the possibility to lodge complaints, all of these aforenamed situations conform to clear regulations.

Adolescent↗