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M Reed

Publications and source records attributed to M Reed.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

The purification of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor with some observations on its properties.

Bullock median-eminence tissue was used as a source of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor for small-scale experiments to explore methods for its isolation. The presence of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor was detected by the ovulation response in rabbits after intrapituitary infusion of the extract. Gel filtration was found to be suitable for the purification of these extracts. The releasing factor appeared to be a basic peptide of molecular weight in the range 1200-2500. On a larger scale, an extract of hypothalamic tissue from sheep was used to establish a multi-stage isolation procedure that resulted in a 200000-fold purification of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor. After the initial extraction the isolation process consisted of: (1) two cycles of gel filtration; (2) anion-exchange chromatography; (3) gel filtration in a partially organic medium; (4) thin-layer chromatography on cellulose. Stage (3) separated two zones of activity each containing peptides. One of these was purified further by stage (4) to give a preparation that was active at a dose of 6mug. of peptide/animal, although activity diminished seriously during storage. This preparation contained only five or six components, but the small amounts of peptides obtained at this stage of purity were insufficient for full characterization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Migraine diagnosis and treatment: results from the American Migraine Study II.

OBJECTIVE: A population-based survey was conducted in 1999 to describe the patterns of migraine diagnosis and medication use in a representative sample of the US population and to compare results with a methodologically identical study conducted 10 years earlier. METHODS: A survey mailed to a panel of 20 000 US households identified 3577 individuals with severe headache meeting a case definition for migraine based on the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Those with severe headache answered questions regarding physician diagnosis and use of medications for headache as well as headache-related disability. RESULTS: A physician diagnosis of migraine was reported by 48% of survey participants who met IHS criteria for migraine in 1999, compared with 38% in 1989. A total of 41% of IHS-defined migraineurs used prescription drugs for headaches in 1999, compared with 37% in 1989. The proportion of IHS-defined migraineurs using only over-the-counter medications to treat their headaches was 57% in 1999, compared with 59% in 1989. In 1999, 37% of diagnosed and 21% of undiagnosed migraineurs reported 1 to 2 days of activity restriction per episode (P<.001); 38% of diagnosed and 24% of undiagnosed migraineurs missed at least 1 day of work or school in the previous 3 months (P<.001); 57% of diagnosed and 45% of undiagnosed migraineurs experienced at least a 50% reduction in work/school productivity (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of migraine has increased over the past decade. Nonetheless, approximately half of migraineurs remain undiagnosed, and the increased rates of diagnosis of migraine have been accompanied by only a modest increase in the proportion using prescription medicines. Migraine continues to cause significant disability whether or not there has been a physician diagnosis. Given the availability of effective treatments, public health initiatives to improve patterns of care are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American Migraine Study II.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, sociodemographic profile, and the burden of migraine in the United States in 1999 and to compare results with the original American Migraine Study, a 1989 population-based study employing identical methods. METHODS: A validated, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 20 000 households in the United States. Each household member with severe headache was asked to respond to questions about symptoms, frequency, and severity of headaches and about headache-related disability. Diagnostic criteria for migraine were based on those of the International Headache Society. This report is restricted to individuals 12 years and older. RESULTS: Of the 43 527 age-eligible individuals, 29 727 responded to the questionnaire for a 68.3% response rate. The prevalence of migraine was 18.2% among females and 6.5% among males. Approximately 23% of households contained at least one member suffering from migraine. Migraine prevalence was higher in whites than in blacks and was inversely related to household income. Prevalence increased from aged 12 years to about aged 40 years and declined thereafter in both sexes. Fifty-three percent of respondents reported that their severe headaches caused substantial impairment in activities or required bed rest. Approximately 31% missed at least 1 day of work or school in the previous 3 months because of migraine; 51% reported that work or school productivity was reduced by at least 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Two methodologically identical national surveys in the United States conducted 10 years apart show that the prevalence and distribution of migraine have remained stable over the last decade. Migraine-associated disability remains substantial and pervasive. The number of migraineurs has increased from 23.6 million in 1989 to 27.9 million in 1999 commensurate with the growth of the population. Migraine is an important target for public health interventions because it is highly prevalent and disabling.

Adolescent↗