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Biomedical subjects

M Reed

Publications and source records attributed to M Reed.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Skin cancer incidence among children irradiated for ringworm of the scalp.

A series of about 2200 children who received X-ray treatment for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during the 1940s and 1950s, and a comparable group of 1400 treated without X ray, have been followed by mail questionnaire for an average of 26 years since treatment to tabulate the incidence of skin cancer. The X-ray treatment consisted of 300-380 R to five overlapping fields on the scalp, to cause complete depilation. This delivered doses of 300-600 rad to various portions of the scalp, with lower doses to the skin of the face and neck. In the irradiated group, 41 persons have had one or more basal cell carcinomas of the scalp or face while only three have been diagnosed in controls. There was a high prevalence of multiple skin cancers in the irradiated group (80 lesions among 41 cases). The minimum latent period for radiation-induced skin cancers was long--about 20 years--and this may be attributable to the young age of the population. The skin cancer risk was particularly pronounced on the face, where there would be more UVR exposure in addition to X-ray exposure. Lightness of complexion proved to be an important factor in the skin cancer risk. In addition, skin cancers were found only among caucasians, even though 25% of the study population were blacks. These findings suggest that UVR exposure levels or sensitivity to such exposure interact with ionizing radiation exposure in defining skin cancer risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate.

We studied the lungs of 42 infants dying of obstetrical accidents, acute infections, and trauma, who ranged in age from 19 wk gestation to 3 wk postpartum at 42 wk gestation. The earliest lungs (19 to 20 wk gestation) had smooth-walled respiratory channels lined by cuboidal epithelium. Between 22 and 24 wk gestation with further development of the acinus, these channels took on a wavy internal configuration. After 28 wk gestation the air spaces (saccules) of the developing acinus became subdivided by secondary crests. Alveolar development began in some infants as early as 32 wk and was uniformly present by 36 wk. Respiratory bronchioles were not present in any of our cases, including those in the immediate postnatal period. Quantitative studies showed a rapid increase in lung volume and alveolar surface area beginning at about 28 wk gestation (crown-rump length, 25 cm) coinciding with increasing complexity of the saccules. Surface area, lung volume, and total number of alveoli showed an exponential relationship to gestational age and crown-rump length. Air-space wall thickness showed a rapid decline starting at 28 wk gestation and is best related exponentially to age and crown-rump length. Volume proportions of air spaces increased steadily throughout gestation. The increase in bronchial and bronchiolar air and air-space dimensions correlated relatively poorly with age, and nonparenchyma remained a relatively constant volume proportion, regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical assessment of histochemical methods for oestrogen receptor localisation.

The biochemical validity of published labelled-ligand and ligand-antibody methods for the histological localisation of oestrogen receptors (ER) in breast carcinomas was assessed by measuring specific and non-specific binding of 3H-oestradiol to pretreated MCF-7 monolayers; the monolayers had been either frozen and thawed, then air-dried or acetone-fixed, or fixed in formaldehyde to reproduce the conditions in published methods. The results indicate that most of the ER in a frozen section is likely to be lost by diffusion into the supernatant incubation medium. Fixation substantially restricts diffusion but reduces specific oestradiol binding and may increase non-specific binding; acetone fixation is particularly deleterious. Preincubation in oestradiol fails to protect the receptor during fixation. We conclude that the published histochemical methods for ER localisation have doubtful validity and should not yet be used in preference to conventional biochemical assays.

Acetone↗
PubMed1982

Absorption of oral neomycin in premature infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis.

The oral absorption of neomycin was studied in 2 premature infants (32 weeks of gestation) with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis. 1 infant received 50 mg and the other 100 mg of neomycin sulfate/kg/day in 4 divided doses for approximately 7 days. Plasma neomycin levels were determined by a micro, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay developed in our laboratory. Plasma levels as high as 2.9 and 4.5 micrograms/ml were observed in these 2 infants. A urinary recovery study for 1 infant revealed that at least 3.7% of the oral dose was absorbed. The significant and persistent plasma levels of neomycin in these patients suggest the need for extreme caution in using this potentially toxic antibiotic for prolonged treatment in neonates.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1981

Hearing impairment and paraphrenia.

An elderly resident of a Home for the Aged, with an admission diagnosis of senile dementia, was referred for psychiatric assessment. Mental state examination revealed intact cognitive functions, but attitudes and beliefs symptomatic of paraphrenia, a late onset form of schizophrenia. Noting apparent hearing impairment, the psychiatrist suggested the patient be referred to the ENT clinic. ENT examination and audiological assessment revealed severe mixed hearing loss bilaterally, probably originating in early childhood. A hearing aid was prescribed, and the patient adjusted well to its use. On subsequent psychiatric examination, the patient demonstrated fewer disturbed behaviors and less delusional thought. It is suggested that conjoint assessment and treatment may be of benefit in diagnosis and management of behaviorally disturbed geriatric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The effects of relaxation instructions and EMG biofeedback on test anxiety, general anxiety, and locus of control.

Examined the applicability of EMG biofeedback to alleviating subjectively experienced test-taking anxiety along with the effects of relaxation training on locus of control. The Achievement Anxiety Test (AAT) was administered to 271 freshman psychology students. Students whose scores indicated high levels of test anxiety were invited to participate. Twenty-seven volunteers were assigned randomly to three groups. Biofeedback (B) Ss received relaxation instructions and EMG biofeedback. Instruction-Control (IC) Ss received instructions alone. A second control group (C) received no treatment. Pre and post measures included the AAT, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Rotter Locus of Control (I-E) Scale. Relaxation training involved eight half-hour sessions, two per week for 4 weeks. B and IC Ss changed significantly from pre to post on the anxiety measures. This was true for specific test-taking anxiety and for general anxiety. C Ss showed no change. On the I-E scale, only IC Ss showed a significant shift toward being more internal.

Adult↗