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Biomedical subjects

M Razanamparany

Publications and source records attributed to M Razanamparany.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Severe malaria in children at the pediatric service of the Befelatanana Hospital Center at Antananarivo (Madagascar) in 1996-1998].

The definition of severe malaria is no longer limited to cerebral malaria, but it is as well extended to other clinical forms of the disease. The authors reported the epidemiological and clinical survey and evaluative aspects of severe malaria in Antananarivo. This retrospective study included 48 children less than 15 years old, hospitalized at the paediatric unit Debré of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Befelatanana (Antananarivo) for severe malaria as defined by world Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The hospitalization frequency was 0.87%. Higher frequency was noticed for the children less than 5 years old, the sex-ratio was 1.4/1. The cerebral complications as seen in many African countries were the most frequent clinical form. The death rate was 14.58% and the proportional mortality was 1.07%, 2.1% of the patients had sequel. The improvement of severe malaria prognosis was not only on better equipment in intensive care wards, but also on improved and early diagnosis and management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Pseudo-poliomyelitis paralysis caused by Echovirus 7].

The authors describe one case of acute flaccid paralytic of lower limbs in a 10-year-old boy with Echovirus 7 isolated in the stool and a high titer of homologous antibodies (> or = 1,024). At the final stage of poliomyelitis program eradication, paralysis associated with non polio enterovirus may replace cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. In the present study, the authors highlight the needs to confirm virologically all suspect cases of acute flaccid paralytic. Aetiological function of the virus isolated and interpretation of the diagnostic methods are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Cysticercosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Premature deliveries at the maternity hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo in 1997].

Preterm deliveries (PT) produce new-borns whose prognosis is generally very dark. Prematurity is the first cause of neonatal death. A retrospective study was carried out at the Maternity Hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo in order to specify causes and difficulties of PT and to draw up strategy for their better management so that premature infants have chance to survive. The survey concerned 1394 patients: all pregnancies whose gestational age are between 22 and 36 weeks and those who delivery viable infants discharged home whose weights are between 500 and 2,500 grams. PT occur frequently among teenagers and more than 35-year old women. Risk factors and determinative causes of PT are mothers' toxic habits, gyneco-obstetrical history as PT, abortion, cicatricial uterus, urogenital infections. 12 maternal deaths were noted. Infant perinatal mortality rate was of 47.3 per cent. The authors conclude that difficulties were in labor and both antepartum and intrapartum periods. Preventive measures must surpass curative therapy. They will be based on the improvement of standard of living, the reinforcement of planning family and a strict pregnancy surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Parasite virulence factors during falciparum malaria: rosetting, cytoadherence, and modulation of cytoadherence by cytokines.

To determine virulence factors of isolates of Plasmodium falciparum and the potential role of cytokines in cerebral malaria, 46 Malagasy patients presenting with cerebral (n = 10), severe (n = 10), and uncomplicated (n = 26) malaria were enrolled in a study. The capacity of 21 of 46 P. falciparum isolates to form rosettes in vitro and to adhere to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 receptors and to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells that express mainly CD36 receptors was investigated together with the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-6 alone and in two-by-two combinations on the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to HUVECs. Plasma levels of these cytokines were also measured in the patients at admission. The percentage of rosette formation was higher for the isolates from patients with cerebral (n = 6; 19.5%) and severe (n = 6; 30.5%) malaria than for those from patients with uncomplicated malaria (n = 9; 5%) (P < 0.002). The cytoadherence properties of the isolates did not differ among the three groups whatever the target cell used, but adherence to melanoma cells was systematically higher than that to HUVECs. Adhesion to HUVECs was increased more after TNF-alpha stimulation than after GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-6 stimulation (P < 0.01). Only the combination of TNF-alpha and IL-3 enhanced cytoadherence more than TNF-alpha used alone (P < 0.02). No difference in the modulation of cytoadherence by cytokines was found in relation to the severity of the disease. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in peripheral blood were higher in the patients with cerebral and severe malaria than in the patients with uncomplicated malaria (P < 0.005). Most of the patients' sera contained little or no IL-3 or GM-CSF. Our results challenge the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as the principal receptor mediating the cytoadherence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and contrast with data obtained in the murine model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Oral rice-based rehydration solution (SRO), alternative of SRO of WHO in acute diarrhea in malnourished patients].

BACKGROUND: Although malnutrition is frequently associated with diarrhea, most oral rehydration solutions have been tested in well-nourished children. The study tests efficacy of rice, a traditional treatment for diarrhea in Madagascar. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 150 severely malnourished children, aged 6 months to 3 years, took part in this randomized trial. All the children were given oral rehydration solution, (100 ml/kg) in the first 6 hours. The first group (68 children) was given a solution containing glucose, (20 g/l). The second group (82 children) was given a solution containing rice powder (50 g/l). Treatment was then continued according to WHO recommendations, including feeding after rehydration (mixture of milk, oil and sugar). RESULTS: The age, weight, height, duration of diarrhea before admission, degree of dehydration and pathogens in stools of the two groups were comparable on admission. Only 2 patients were withdrawn from the trial. The percentage of death was the same in both groups: 16% of those given glucose and 15% of those given rice-based rehydration solution. The weight gains were similar in both groups; the duration of diarrhea was 89 +/- 6 hours in the glucose-fed groups and 68 +/- 4 hours for those given the rice-based rehydration solution (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Both glucose and rice-based rehydration solutions are equally effective for rehydrating severely malnourished children with acute diarrhea. The rice-based rehydration solution also reduces the duration of diarrhea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Infantile diarrheal diseases in Madagascar: bacterial, parasitologic and viral study].

From November 1988 to October 1989, an etiological study showed off the prevalence and the part of several enteropathogen agents which are not yet studied in MADAGASCAR. 1,523 stool's samples from 884 children with diarrhea and 639 children without diarrhea from 0 to 14 years old have been investigated. A bacterial, parasitical or viral etiology was found from 36.3% of diarrheic children and 11.2% of healthy children. The three agents the most frequently identified from children with diarrhea are EPEC (10.5%), Campylobacter jejuni (10.3%) and rotavirus (10%) and associations of two or three pathogen agents are frequent (6.2%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The malaria epidemic in Antananarivo observed from Pediatric Service "A" of the Befelatanana General Hospital.

A recent malaria epidemic striking Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, is shown from hospital records of Pediatric Service "A" of the Befelatanana General Hospital. From 1980 to 1988 malaria cases in this hospital service increased from 0.9% to 14.4% of all admissions (on average 1785 per year). The unexpected expansion is observed in 1984, 1985 and 1986 and since that time malaria has apparently maintained a stable endemic level. Malaria mortality as a proportion of general mortality in the service followed a parallel course but the case fatality rate remained constant during the whole period, in spite of the progressive increase of cerebral malaria (coma) cases. Hospitalized malaria children came mainly from Western and Southern urban and periurban areas of Antananarivo, more rarely from the central areas, the hilly zone, the North and the East of the city.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in Madagascan children].

A total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the Pediatric Department of Antananarivo General Hospital from may to July 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. Distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were more infected. Following viral strains were detected in increasing frequency: Para-influenzae 3: 25 p. 100; RSV: 18 p. 10/; Adenovirus: 18 p. 100; Influenzae A: 13 p. 100; Influenzae B: 9 p. 100; Para-influenzae 1: 5 p. 100.

Acute Disease↗