Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4.
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Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ray
Publications and source records attributed to M Ray.
16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 alleviates jejunal microvascular effects of ethanol but not the ethanol-induced inhibition of water, sodium, and glucose absorption.
To examine the relation between ethanol-induced microvascular and absorptive changes, we have investigated the effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on the jejunal intraluminal plasma albumin loss (which was taken as a measure of microvascular changes) and the inhibition of water, sodium, and glucose transport caused by intraluminal ethanol. A group of 8 dogs received intravenously 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 at a dose of 0.1 microgram/kg as a bolus followed by 0.05 microgram/kg.hour for 2 h (prostaglandin-treated group). A second group of 8 dogs received no 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (untreated group). In each dog of both groups, one jejunal segment was perfused with an ethanol-free solution (control segment) and an adjacent segment was perfused with the same solution containing 6% (wt/vol) ethanol (ethanol-perfused segment). The albumin loss (mg/g dry gut wt.90 min, mean +/- SE) by the control and the ethanol-perfused segments was 0.76 +/- 0.23 and 8.29 +/- 1.27, respectively, in the untreated group, and 0.66 +/- 0.23 and 4.81 +/- 0.67, respectively, in the prostaglandin-treated group. The ethanol-induced increase in albumin loss was significant in both groups, but was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the prostaglandin-treated group than in the untreated group. Intraluminal ethanol depressed net water, sodium, and glucose transport by 74%, 52%, and 22%, respectively, in the untreated group, and by 92%, 65%, and 38%, respectively, in the prostaglandin-treated group. The magnitude of this depression did not differ significantly between the two groups. As 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 attenuated the ethanol-induced plasma albumin loss, but not the inhibition of water, sodium, or glucose transport, we conclude that the microvascular and the absorptive changes produced by ethanol are not mediated by the same mechanism.
16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
Amniotic band syndrome.
The amniotic band syndrome (ABS) refers to the infrequent occurrence of congenital deformities presumably due to fetal entanglement in strands of ruptured amniotic sac. The most commonly associated anomalies include amputations, constriction bands, syndactyly, craniofacial defects, club feet, and cleft lip. We present a typical case and short literature review of ABS. The infant reported also had a connective tissue nevus and a cutaneous striated muscle hamartoma.
Abdominal Injuries↗
Chromosome analysis in chorionic villi samples from the first trimester elective terminations.
Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) has become a first trimester alternative to amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. The cytogenetic findings in 150 experimental samples are presented. The ages of the mothers ranged from 12 to 35 years, but the majority of them were 18 and 19 years of age. Various parameters of culturing and processing the samples in order to improve the method, were investigated. Short term incubation for 48 h was the method routinely employed in processing the biopsies for cytogenetic analysis. In the first series of 100 cases one mosaic case (46,XX/45,X), one Robertsonian translocation (13;14), one marker chromosome and one fragment were found. The foetal tissues were not analysed for chromosomes. In the second series of 50 samples, one case of mosaicism was found in the chorionic villi (46,XX/47,XX, 18q-), but this abnormality was absent in the foetal tissue. One variant inv(9) was observed in the foetal tissue as well as in the chorionic villi. In all other cases the karyotypes from the chorionic villi samples matched those of the corresponding foetal samples. There was no maternal contamination in this series of 50 samples. The discrepancies in the cytogenetic results from other investigators are discussed.
Chorionic Villi↗
Effects of sodium deoxycholate on the mechanical and electrical activities and ultrastructure of guinea pig atria.
The mechanism of cardio-inhibitory effects of sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was investigated by studying its effects on the contractility, action potentials (APs) and ultrastructure of guinea pig atrial preparations. DOC (10(-7)-10(-4) M) caused reversible negative ino- (NIE) and chrono-tropy in spontaneously beating (SBA) and NIE in electrically driven left (EDA) atria. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 1.10(-3) M) DOC caused irreversible inhibition of contractions. Atropine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) failed to inhibit both the reversible and irreversible effects of DOC. The NIE due to lower doses of DOC (less than or equal to 1.10(-4) M) was inhibited by higher [Ca2+]0, isoprenaline (10(-6)-10(-4) M), and noradrenaline (10(-6)-10(-5) M), which did not alter the dose of DOC required for the irreversible and complete NIE. In lower doses (10(-7)-10(-4) M) DOC caused a reversible inhibition of the AP durations at -20 and -40 mV (APD20 and APD40, respectively), but increased the AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD90). At higher doses (greater than 5.10(-4) M) it caused an irreversible membrane depolarization, reduction in APD20 and APD40, and complete cessation of electrical activity. The ultrastructural changes in atria treated with 1.10(-4) M DOC were characterized by poorly delineated glycocalyx and at greater than 1.10(-3) M by disruption of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling disruption of mitochondria. Taken together these observations show that DOC caused reversible and irreversible inhibition of atrial contractions at low (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and high (greater than 5.10(-4) M) concentrations, respectively, by different mechanisms. The former effect is due to inhibition of Ca2+ channel activity and the latter due to its detergent property causing removal of subcellular components.
Action Potentials↗
Health promotion: educating school children in self-care.
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Child↗
[Microdetermination of pyrazinamide and its metabolites (pyrazinoic acid, 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid, 5-hydroxypyrazinamide and pyrazinuric acid) in plasma and urine with liquid chromatography].
The method reported here for determining pyrazinamide and its metabolites (2-pyrazinoic acid, 5-hydroxypyrazinamide, 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid and pyrazinuric acid) consists of diluting urine or acid deproteinisation of serum followed by chromatography on a cation-exchange column. The column length and the detection system (ultraviolet or fluorimetry) allow for a very good separation of the different compounds; the sensitivity of the method makes it suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Aminoacetone oxidase from goat liver. Formation of methylglyoxal from aminoacetone.
An enzyme which oxidizes aminoacetone to methylglyoxal has been purified from the particulate fraction of goat liver. Polyamines, such as spermidine and spermine, are also good substrates for this enzyme. The pH optimum for aminoacetone oxidation was found to be 8.2. The apparent Km values of the enzyme for aminoacetone and spermidine were 0.009 and 0.095 mM, respectively. The subunit molecular weight of the enzyme was 93,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme was 186,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme is highly sensitive to carbonyl group reagents. The enzyme is not inhibited by monoamine and diamine oxidase inhibitors.
Acetone↗
In vivo evaluation of teratogenesis and cytogenetic changes following methylmercuric chloride treatment.
Mercury is a major environmental pollutant and a proven teratogen in man and animals. Its teratogenicity and effects on fetal chromosomes were investigated in mice. Various dose levels of methylmercuric chloride (MMC) were administered via an intragastric tube to pregnant ICR Swiss/Webster mice on day 9 of gestation. On day 18 of gestation the animals were killed and the fetuses were removed. Fetal lung and liver tissues were processed for cytogenetic studies. Fetuses were also fixed in Bouin's solution for subsequent teratological examination by using Wilson's technique. Mercury levels were determined in maternal blood and randomly selected fetuses. One fetus from each litter was processed for skeletal staining with Alizarin Red S. A significant increase in embryonic deaths and resorptions was observed at all dose levels. The incidence of fetal anomalies was significantly increased following maternal treatment with 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg of MMC. Maternal weight between day 9 and day 18 of gestation decreased significantly. The LD50 of MMC in pregnant mice was determined to be 20 mg/kg of body weight; the LD100 was 30 mg/kg. A significant difference was observed between the mean fetal weights at the various dose levels. Levels of mercury were found to be significantly higher in treated animals and fetuses, and increased in a dose-related manner. The levels of mercury were significantly higher in the fetuses than in the mothers at the same dosage, indicating a correlation between the levels of mercury in maternal mice and corresponding higher levels in their fetuses. Cytogenetic studies revealed significant clumping of chromosomes in metaphase at all dose levels and the frequency of clumping increased as dosage increased. The euploidy number (2n = 40) of chromosomes per cell did not vary between the treatment groups and control groups. The frequency of nucleolus-organizing regions per cell did not change significantly between the treatment groups and the control. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges increased significantly as the dosage increased.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
[Comparative study of anesthesia and recovery with propofol and enflurane in cervical surgery].
The recovery times and the state of postoperative awakening were studied after anaesthesia with propofol or enflurane. The forty patients who were to undergo surgery for cold thyroid nodules were divided into two homogeneous groups which were similar in age, sex, weight and length of surgery. In one group, induction was carried out with propofol, fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, and maintained with 9 mg X kg-1 X h-1 propofol. In the other group, this was done with thiopentone, fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, followed by 0.8% enflurane. Repeat injections of fentanyl were given as required. The time between stopping giving the anaesthetic drug and eye opening was measured, as well as the performance in memorizing and sorting numbers; these two tests were carried out before and 2 h after surgery. The overall results did not show any differences between the two groups in recovery time or quality of awakening. In the propofol group, recovery time and quality were better than in the enflurane group if the patient was less than 50 years old or surgery lasted less than 100 min. In the propofol group, there were significant correlations between recovery time and age (r = 0.83), and between recovery time and duration of surgery (r = 0.87). The doses of this new product should therefore be modified according to the age of the patient and the length of surgery.
Adult↗
Fragile 19p13 in a family with mental illness.
We describe a family where four brothers show the rare heritable folate sensitive autosomal fragile site (FSAFS) at 19p13 when cells were grown in TC199. Two of the brothers are schizophrenic while one brother is mentally retarded with autistic-like features. The clinical significance of this fragile site however is still unknown.
Adult↗
Light and electron microscopic study of fetal lung following maternal exposure to methylmercuric chloride.
Varying dose levels of methylmercuric chloride (MMC), 1000 ppm (5 mg through 15 mg/kg of body weight), were administered via an intragastric tube to pregnant ICR Swiss/Webster mice on day 9 of gestation. The animals were killed on gestational day 18 and the fetuses removed. Fetal lung sections were processed for light and electron microscopy. A group of animals treated with physiological saline in a similar manner served as the controls. The fetal lungs from treated animals were hypoplastic and retarded in development. The severity of pulmonary changes increased with the dose-levels of MMC. Vacuolation and lysis of mitochondria were seen in fetal lungs. Mitochondrial damage increased in severity with dose-level of methylmercuric chloride.
Animals↗
Cytostatic action of methylmercuric chloride on mammalian duodenal cells.
Adult male mice of the ICR/Swiss Webster strain received a single intragastric administration of methylmercuric chloride 1,000 ppm, at dose levels of 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 mg/kg of body weight. The animals were killed six hours later. Tissue samples from the duodenum were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for light microscopy. Chromosome clumping was observed in dividing cells at all dose levels, resembling a C-mitotic effect. It would lead to reduced mitotic cell formation on account of the subsequent lysis of the arrested metaphases. The cytostatic effect was brought about by the inactivation of the microtubule spindle fiber polymerization mechanism induced by methylmercuric chloride. There was a direct positive correlation between the varying dose levels of methylmercury and the proportion of cells arrested in metaphase in the crypts of the duodenum.
Administration, Oral↗
Relative bioavailability of a new transdermal nitroglycerin delivery system.
The purpose of this study was to measure the bioavailability of nitroglycerin from a new transdermal delivery system, Nitro-Dur II, relative to that of Nitro-Dur. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers completed a two-way crossover study. Each subject randomly received Nitro-Dur (I) and Nitro-Dur II (II) for a 24-h period. Both transdermal systems had an active surface area of 20 cm2. Blood samples were collected immediately before treatment, at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after topical application of the units, and 30 min after the units were removed. Nitroglycerin was determined with an analytical sensitivity of 50 pg/mL using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-EC). Mean steady-state concentrations of nitroglycerin were 182 and 224 pg/mL for I and II, respectively. There were no statistical differences between I and II in the pharmacokinetic parameters measured (Css, AUC, Cmax, % fluctuation). Residual nitroglycerin content was measured in each transdermal unit after application to each of the 24 volunteers. The amounts of nitroglycerin delivered by I and II were 9.78 +/- 4.11 and 10.67 +/- 4.78 mg, respectively, or approximately 10 mg in 24 h. Statistical analysis of these data using an analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between these treatments (p = 0.27). Since there were also no differences in the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated after treatment with I and II, the bioequivalence of the two delivery systems was established.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Immunoperoxidase staining for S-100 protein in the diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma of lung.
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Eosinophilic Granuloma↗
Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges in chromosomes of normal Chinese hamster and its cell lines exposed to BrdU and MMC.
Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were investigated in chromosomes from normal male Chinese hamster (CH) and its cell lines (CHW, 1102 and 1103). The fibroblasts were grown for two replication cycles in medium containing BrdU and mitomycin C (MMC) at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 micrograms/ml of medium. The difference in SCEs/cell between male CH and CHW was negligible, but the difference between CHW and 1102 was about 2.6-fold. It is suggested from karyotypic differences between CHW and 1102, that the control of SCEs might be due partly or completely to chromosome 5 in Chinese hamster. The lines CHW and 1102 were less responsive than normal Chinese hamster cells when exposed to different MMC concentrations. It is suggested that the lines CHW and 1102 might be slightly resistant to MMC. The frequency of SCEs decreased with the decrease of chromosome size. SCEs are not preferentially distributed on any autosomal chromosomes. No SCEs were found in normal X-chromosomes. The majority of exchanges appear to be either interband regions or very near band-interband junctions.
Animals↗
[Influence of idrocilamide on the metabolism of theophylline].
The pharmacokinetics of theophylline as a sirup (5 or 6 mg . kg-1 bodyweight) were studied in 6 volunteers before and after association with idrocilamide. The results showed an increase in theophylline half-life, a decrease in clearance and a slight decrease in volume of distribution.
Drug Interactions↗