Antioxidant supplements and simvastatin-niacin therapy.
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Antioxidants↗
Biomedical subjects
M Rath
Publications and source records attributed to M Rath.
The relationship between genetic merit for yield and live weight, condition score, and energy balance of spring calving Holstein Friesian dairy cows on grass based systems of milk production.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of genetic merit for milk yield on energy balance, DM intake (DMI), and fertility for cows managed on three different grass-based feeding systems and to estimate possible interactions between genetic merit and feeding system. Individual animal intake estimates were obtained at pasture on 11 occasions across three grazing seasons. The data set contained 96 first lactation, 96 second lactation, and 72 third lactation cows in 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively. Half of these cows were of high genetic merit, and half were of medium genetic merit for milk solids production. Genetic effects for the traits of interest were estimated as the contrast between the two genetic groups and by the genetic regression of phenotypic performance on the estimated breeding value for fat and protein yield, based on pedigree index. Significant effects of feeding system were observed on yields, DMI, and energy balance, with no effect on live weight, condition score, or reproductive performance. The interaction between genetic merit and feeding system was not significantly different from zero for any of the traits. Yields, grass DMI, and total DMI were all higher for cows of high genetic merit than for those of medium genetic merit and were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with pedigree index. Furthermore, condition score, conception to first and second services, and pregnancy rate were significantly negatively correlated with pedigree index. While at pasture, energy balance was positively (P < 0.01) correlated with pedigree index, although the contrast between high genetic merit and medium genetic merit was not significantly different from zero. This positive energy balance was unexpected and was probably due to the lactation stage that intake was measured. Condition score changes and energy balance measures on a small subgroup of the animals, while indoors offered a diet of silage and concentrates (n = 33), demonstrated that high genetic merit had a more negative energy balance than did medium genetic merit. The results clearly illustrate the production potential of high genetic merit cows on grass-based systems. The reduced reproductive performance questions the suitability of high yield for seasonal calving systems.
Animal Feed↗
Effect of amount of dietary supplement and source of protein on milk production, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient flows in dairy cows.
An experiment with a multiple Latin square design using 36 midlactation Friesian cows was carried out to determine the effect of fish meal or soybean meal in a supplement fed at two amounts (3.5 or 7 kg/d) with grass silage. The diets were also fed to four ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows to determine digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient flows. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk constituent yields, and concentrations of protein and lactose were significantly increased by the supplements when provided at 7 kg/d. The supplement containing fish meal increased milk production, protein and lactose yields, and milk protein concentration, but the increases were smaller than those obtained by increasing the amount of supplement fed. Neither the type nor the amount of supplement fed affected digestibility of dry matter or organic matter, and few significant effects on ruminal fermentation were observed. Supplements fed at the higher allowance significantly increased the flow of dry matter, organic matter, all nitrogenous components, and amino acids to the duodenum. The supplement containing fish meal significantly increased the duodenal flow of nonammonia nonmicrobial N and some amino acids. Results indicated that an increase in the concentration of supplement in the diet is more effective in increasing milk production, protein concentration and yield, and flow of amino acids to the duodenum than is increasing the concentration of ruminally undegradable protein in the supplement.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
[Calculation of lavage volume in transurethral prostate resection (TURP)].
PURPOSE: Evaluation of the relationship between ethanol concentration in expired air and the amount of absorbed irrigation fluid in patients who undergo a transurethral resection of the prostate. METHODS: 76 patients were evaluated in a prospective study. The irrigation fluid contained 1.92 w/w% of ethanol. The ethanol concentration in breath was measured at least every 10 minutes with a Alcotest 7410 (Dräger) or a Biomed 3010 (Biotest). Documented values: breath ethanol concentration, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, haemoglobin concentration, serum sodium concentration, the amount of irrigation fluid, the time of operation, special events, therapeutic interventions. A modification of the Widmark formula was used for calculating the amount of absorbed irrigation fluid from the breath ethanol concentration. RESULTS: A rise of the ethanol level above 0.2/1000 was observed in 10 patients. No clinically significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure during surgery between the 24 patients with no alcohol in breath and the 10 patients with more than 0.2/1000 was observed. Prolonged duration of resection and greater amount of used irrigation fluid correlated with higher ethanol concentration in breath. During the study period no patient developed the clinical features of a transurethral resection syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: If 2 w/w% of ethanol is added to the irrigation fluid, breath ethanol concentration under 0.2/1000 may be considered harmless, while values above 0.2/1000 are predictors of massive absorption of irrigation fluid. In our patients, the addition of ethanol to the irrigation fluid has been a suitable and easy way to monitor the absorption of irrigation fluid, if the ethanol concentration in the breath is measured every ten minutes. If 2 w/w% of ethanol have been added to the irrigation fluid, the absorbed volume (E) can be estimated using the formula: E = 37.5 x body weight (kg) x ethanol concentration (/1000).
Aged↗
The amino acid composition of protein feedstuffs before and after ruminal incubation and after subsequent passage through the intestines of dairy cows.
The amino (AA) profile of eight feedstuffs (two samples of fishmeal, soybean meal [SBM], formaldehyde-treated SBM, sopralin, cotton-seed meal [CSM], rapeseed meal [RSM], corn distillers grains [CDG], and corn gluten feed [CGF]) was determined before and after ruminal incubation for 8 and 12 h in three lactating Friesian cows using nylon bags. The profile of AA disappearing during intestinal passage was also measured by inserting the bags into the duodenum through T-piece cannulas after ruminal incubation and recovering them in the feces. The AA profile changed for all feedstuffs, except sopralin, following ruminal incubation. Changes were greater for the more degradable feedstuffs. The profile of AA disappearing during intestinal passage was generally similar to the profile after ruminal incubation, but some differences were found with feedstuffs that had low (< 84%) intestinal disappearance of AA (RSM, CDG, CGF). For the other feedstuffs, intestinal disappearance of AA was greater than 93%. The two fishmeal samples had the highest concentrations of methionine and lysine in their residues after ruminal incubation, whereas CDG and CGF had low lysine concentrations. Residues of these latter two and RSM were quite high in methionine concentration, whereas residues of SBM, sopralin, and CSM had the lowest concentrations. Corn distillers grains had 13% of its AA remaining after ruminal incubation followed by intestinal passage. These results show that feedstuffs vary in the proportion of their AA that escape ruminal degradation, in the profile of those AA, and in their intestinal digestibility. These factors should be considered in protein evaluation systems and in assessment of the protein quality of feedstuffs.
Amino Acids↗
The effect of replacing dietary beet pulp with wheat treated with sodium hydroxide, ground wheat, or ground corn in lactating cows.
This experiment examined the effect of complete diets composed of 60% grass silage and 40% concentrate based mainly on beet pulp, ground wheat, wheat treated with NaOH, or ground corn on milk production and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Milk production and fat yield were 19.8, 20.7, 20.1, and 21.2 kg/d and 0.71, 0.76, 0.72, and 0.78 kg/d, respectively (18 cows per treatment). Cows fed the diet based on ground corn had higher milk production and fat yield, but lower milk protein concentration, than did cows fed the diet based on beet pulp. Cows fed the diet based on ground corn also had higher fat yields than did cows fed the diet based on wheat treated with NaOH. Cows fed the diet based on ground wheat had lower ruminal pH than did cows fed the diet based on beet pulp (6.34 vs. 6.59) and higher ruminal NH3 concentrations (6.2 vs. 5.2 mmol/L) than did cows fed the diet based on ground corn. These results showed little difference in milk production based on wheat processing method and little advantage to replacing beet pulp with either wheat type in a high forage diet. However, milk production and fat yield were increased by replacing beet pulp with ground corn.
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
Rumen fermentation and nutrient flows for cows fed grass and grass supplemented with molassed beet pulp pellets.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of a grass diet and a concentrate supplement on rumen fermentation and nutrient flows to the duodenum. Perennial ryegrass was cut and fed indoors to eight rumen- and duodenum-cannulated Friesian cows with or without 3 kg/d of molassed beet pulp in a randomized design experiment. The dry matter intake of grass was significantly lower for cows fed the concentrate supplement (13.6 vs. 11.5 kg of dry matter/d), but total dry matter and organic matter (OM) intakes were similar for cows fed both diets. Cows fed the supplement had higher mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (108 vs. 89 mmol/L) and a higher percentage of butyrate in total volatile fatty acids (13.5 vs. 11.6 mol/100 mol). There were no differences between the diets in the flow of OM to the duodenum or in the extent of OM digestion in the rumen. Flows of nonammonia N, microbial N, and amino acids to the duodenum tended to be higher for cows fed the supplemented diet than for those fed ryegrass only. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis also tended to be higher for cows fed the supplemented diet (42 vs. 37.7 g/kg of OM apparently digested in the rumen and 28.2 vs. 26 g/kg of OM truly digested in the rumen). Overall, there were indications that the supplement caused better capture of N in the rumen and increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis.
Amino Acids↗
[The computed tomography of acute sigmoid diverticulitis].
PURPOSE: To study the ranking of CT in the diagnosis of sigma diverticulitis. Comparison of results of the colon monocontrast enema with those obtained via CT and histopathology as gold standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 patients were included who were operated on for sigma diverticulitis. In 30 patients both CT and monocontrast enema were performed and in two patients CT only. RESULTS: Acute inflammatory wall alterations are identified by CT with a sensitivity of 89.7% vs 96.3% via contrast enema. Pericolic reactions of the environment were seen via CT with 89.7% sensitivity. In case of covered perforations CT yielded a sensitivity of 76.5% vs 46.7% via contrast enema. Sensitivity for abscesses and fistulas was in each case 100% with CT. RESULTS: CT may help to identify extraluminal inflammatory changes and complications in diverticulitis. The degree of the inflammation can be classified and the surgical approach suitably influenced, respectively modified.
Acute Disease↗
[Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach].
A 35-year old woman showed gastrointestinal bleeding right after normal pregnancy. With endoscopy of the GI-tract with biopsy, ultrasound, conventional radiology of the stomach and computed tomography a gastric leiomyoma was diagnosed. After en-bloc resection of tumor, part of the stomach and spleen, histologic examination and size of tumor changed diagnosis in gastric leiomyosarcoma. Patient died 15 month postoperatively on systemic metastasis. Case report and review of the literature show difficulties in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric leiomyosarcoma.
Adult↗
[Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach].
Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach is a rare occurrence, amounting to only 0.5-3% of all stomach malignancies. Because of its extragastral growth, it produce clinical symptoms, mostly with bleeding, only at a late stage. The decisive method of examination is computed tomography which demonstrates the extraluminal tumor lying apparently in the mesenterium with contrast medium up-take at the borders and central necrosis. A secure differential diagnosis to leiomyoma is not possible by angiography or by computed tomography; this distinction is even difficult by histology.
Adult↗
[Late complications and functional results at least 5 years following pars plana lentectomy for congenital cataract].
Pars plana or pars plicata lentectomy was introduced for congenital cataract at the University Eye Clinic of Freiburg 12 years ago. Records of 32 patients (48 eyes) who were operated on during a period of 7 years were retrospectively analyzed to determine the anatomical and functional results in comparison to previous methods of treatment for congenital cataract. The documented follow-up was at least 5 years long (maximum 11 years, mean 7.3 years). Seventeen patients had bilateral, 15 patients monolateral cataract operations. Thirteen eyes were operated on during the first 2 months of life, and 31 of the 48 eyes during the first year. Sixteen of the 48 eyes had additional malformations, like microphthalmus, different stages of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, or anterior chamber malformation. Visual acuity was at least 20/50 at the last visit in 3 of 15 eyes after monolateral lentectomy and in 19/33 eyes after bilateral lentectomy. Twenty-four children are now able to attend a regular school; only one child is attending a school for the visual handicapped; another child attends a school for deaf children. Postoperatively, secondary cataract or a retropupillary membrane was found in two eyes. Glaucoma developed in two eyes, requiring additional surgery. Postoperative retinal detachment caused by a giant tear complicated the postoperative course in one case. The anatomic results turned out to be better than after discission and aspiration with fewer postoperative complications like secondary cataract, glaucoma, or retinal detachment. The functional outcome is mainly dependent on good postoperative orthoptic and pleoptic management of the children.
Adolescent↗
[Pneumoarthro-CT in recurrent shoulder dislocations].
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Adolescent↗
[Radioulnar synostoses].
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Accidental Falls↗
Atypical facial pain--application of the IHS criteria in a clinical sample.
Atypical facial pain is a residual category for otherwise unclassifiable pain syndromes in the facial region. In 35 patients (31F, 4M) with a mean age of 53.2 +/- 14.9 years and a chronic facial pain syndrome we tested the new diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). There was a marked female preponderance, vague description of symptoms and a long history of incorrect diagnoses. A high number of invasive procedures (3.5 +/- 3.0 (1-13)) were performed in this group. In agreement with the IHS criteria, an operation or injury to the face was a suspected cause in 43%. In contrast to the IHS criteria, our patient sample had dysaesthesiae (63%), bilateral occurrence (37%), remission periods (57%), pain attacks (23%) and superficial as well as deep pain. The IHS classification is insufficient to separate atypical facial pain from other primary headache and facial pain syndromes. We suggest a modified version of the IHS criteria for atypical facial pain.
Adult↗
[Atypical facial pain--quality of IHS (International Headache Society) criteria and psychometric data].
Atypical facial pain is generally an unclearly defined pain syndrome. We tested in 35 patients (31 women, 4 men) with a mean age of 53.2 +/- 14.9 years and a chronic facial pain syndrome the quality of the new diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), at the same time using the SCL-90-R (Self-Report Symptom Inventory), to identify any associated psychopathology. In accordance with the literature there is a marked female preponderance, an altogether vague description of symptoms and a long history of incorrect diagnoses. Of note is the high number of invasive procedures (3.5 +/- 3.0). In agreement with the IHS commentary, an operation or injury to the face was a suspected cause in 43%. In contrast to the IHS criteria, we found in our patient sample dysaesthesia (63%), bilateral occurrence (37%), remission periods (57%), pain attacks (23%) and presence of superficial as well as deep pain. Depression is by no means the only psychopathological abnormality in atypical facial pain; a broad spectrum of complaints is seen. The IHS classification appears insufficient to separate atypical facial pain from other primary headache and facial pain syndromes. We therefore suggest a modified version of the IHS criteria for atypical facial pain.
Adult↗
Cerebrovascular risk factors in migraine with prolonged aura and without aura.
The role of cerebrovascular risk factors such as mitral valve prolapse, platelet aggregation, platelet activation and cardiac arrythmias in migraine was investigated in a total of 44 migraineurs (32 migraineurs without aura and 12 with prolonged aura) and 32 controls. Comparing the total of migraineurs and the two subgroups with controls, mitral valve prolapse, a raised thromboxane B2 level, at least one platelet aggregation dysfunction or an abnormality in 24-h ECG was statistically seen no more often than in the control group. Neither did combinations of the variables occur more frequently. Altogether, this study showed no increased coincidence of migraine with prolonged aura and migraine without aura with the above parameters. The absence of cardiac and haematological abnormalities in migraine with prolonged aura focuses attention on the control of the cortical microcirculation.
Adolescent↗
MMPI personality profiles in patients with primary headache syndromes.
The role of psychological factors in the course of primary headache syndromes is still controversial. Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) we investigated the personality profiles of 434 headache patients (160 migraineurs, 95 with tension type headache, 30 with cluster headache and 149 with combination headache) in accordance with the IHS criteria. In the first three MMPI scales (hypochondria, depression, hysteria) there was a slight increase in T mean values to over 60, but still in the range of two standard deviations of the normal population. There were no statistically significant differences between the four headache groups and between patients with and without analgesic abuse. It was impossible to distinguish headache groups on the basis of their personality profiles by means of reclassification with discriminant analysis. In a cluster analysis, patients with cluster headache showed the highest number (20%) of abnormalities, but also the highest percentage (13%) of completely normal results. Our findings--a cross section analysis of personality profiles--contradict many other MMPI-based studies.
Adolescent↗
Effect of bovine somatotropin on production and reproduction in prepubertal Friesian heifers.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bST on average daily gain, onset of puberty, first lactation milk yield, and reproductive efficiency in Friesian heifers. Heifers (n = 16 per treatment) were allocated to either: 1) control (1.5 ml of vehicle) or 2) bST (15 mg of bST in 1.5 ml of vehicle) using a randomized complete block design. Subcutaneous injections of bST were administered once daily from 7 mo of age for 120 d or until heifers reached puberty. Heifers were weighed every 2 wk, and blood samples were collected twice weekly after heifers reached 200 kg. Progesterone concentrations were used to determine onset of puberty. Heifers were bred between 16 and 18 mo of age and, following parturition, milk yield and composition were recorded twice weekly and once every 2 wk, respectively. Heifers assigned to bST treatment had an average daily gain (kg) of .8 compared with .7 in control heifers. Number of days from birth to onset of puberty for bST-treated heifers was 401 compared with 381 for control heifers. Treatment with bST had no effect on milk yield, milk composition, or reproductive efficiency during the first lactation. These data demonstrate that daily administration of bST to Friesian heifers from 7 to 11 mo of age does not affect average daily gain, onset of puberty, reproductive efficiency, or first lactation milk yield of heifers.
Animals↗