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Biomedical subjects

M Raphael

Publications and source records attributed to M Raphael.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Follow-up of controls participating in case-control studies for cancer risk factors.

Case-control studies have been carried out in Alberta in the last seven years to investigate possible risk factors for cancer of the prostate, skin and ovary. For each study, controls were randomly selected from an age- and sex-matched population. The information obtained from each control that agreed to participate in each study (n = 1236) included name, sex, date of birth, address and date of participation as well as the specific questions for each study. A review of these controls was carried out in 1988 by checking the number of deaths through death certificate listings from Vital Statistics (n = 142) and cancer incidence through the population-based Alberta Cancer Registry (n = 134). Of the 619 controls interviewed for the prostate cancer case control study in 1982 and 1983, 25 have been diagnosed with cancer of the prostate. From the non-melanoma skin cancer study, 15 cases from the 409 controls interviewed in 1983-1984 have been diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer. As for the 208 controls for ovarian cancer interviewed in 1985-1986 no new cases have been diagnosed. This possible ascertainment bias should be taken under consideration when case-control study analyses are carried out.

Alberta↗
PubMed1990

[Extra-nodal lymphoma of the cervicofacial region: anatomo-pathological aspects].

The B lymphomas formed the great majority (greater than 90%) of lymphomas in a series of 80 extra-nodal lymphomas of the cervico-facial region, all categorised by immuno-histochemistry. They also tended to be tumours of the highly malignant type (61%): lymphoblastic, immunoblastic, centroblastic and Burkitt's lymphomas.

Facial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral cavity and AIDS].

The association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (N.H.L.) and AIDS is currently well recognized. Currently 113 cases have been identified by the French group studying AIDS-related Tumour Pathology. We report 4 cases of palatal involvement, including one associated with a contralateral Kaposi's sarcoma.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Neurologic involvement in malignant mid-face granuloma].

We report 4 cases with neurological disorders due to lethal centrofacial granulomas of unknown origin, and we review the relevant literature. This puzzling disease is characterized by a relentless ulceration of the nose progressing toward the base of the skull, and frequently involving the cranial nerves, the meninges and later the central nervous system. The main clinical point in such situations is to ascertain that no microorganism, no cancer, no specific disease is responsible for the centrofacial lesions, since the microscopic findings may be non-specific. When the entire work-up to exclude all differential diagnoses is completed, the clinician has to deal with lethal centrofacial granuloma. This seems to be a heterogeneous disease, in most of the cases close to malignant T lymphomas. Management is based on radiotherapy, chemotherapy and renutrition with treatment of frequent infectious complications. The prognosis is poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nucleolar topography of nuclei in histologic sections. Application of a nonparametric approach to the study of breast cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The position of the nucleolus within a near-convex nuclear profile was defined, without taking stereology into account, in terms of two distances, P and G, where P = pi p2/SN, G = pi 2/SN, p and g being, respectively, the smallest and greatest distances between the center of the nucleolus (considered as a disk) and the superficial nuclear membrane, and SN being the surface area of the nucleus. Nuclear elongation (ND) was defined by the ratio ND = SN/A, where A is the area of the largest inscribed disk. The nucleolus-nucleus ratio RS = Sn/SN (i.e., the surface of the nucleolus over that of the nucleus) describes the size of the nucleolus. A four-class classification of nucleolar topography was then developed from the model of an ellipsoid nuclear profile (1 less than ND less than 2.5), for which the probability that a randomly located nucleolus (with RS less than 0.23) will be classified as central (G less than 2.5 and 0.40 less than or equal to P less than 1) is less than 0.14, as paracentral (G less than 2.5 and 0.23 less than or equal to P less than 0.40) is less than 0.13, as "transversely eccentric" (G less than 2.5 and P less than 0.23) is less than 0.10 and as "longitudinally eccentric" (G greater than or equal to 2.5) is greater than 0.66. This theoretical distribution into four classes was compared to that of nuclear profiles in four cases of breast cancer and in typical cases of immunoblastic, centroblastic and Burkitt's non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The findings illustrate the ability of this nonparametric method to indicate characteristic nucleolar locations in relation to the number of nucleoli, their size and their nuclear profile elongation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Prostatic location as the manifestation of lymphoma].

The authors report a case of non-hodgkin's lymphoma initially presenting with pallakiuria due to a prostatic localization of the tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed 6 months later following deterioration in the general condition with lymphomatous meningitis, after repeat examination of the prostatic slides. Less than twenty cases of prostatic lesions revealing lymphoma have been reported in the literature. There are no formal diagnostic arguments apart from the histology which is often difficult to interpret. In most cases the lymphomas are disseminated and composed of large cells or cleaved small cells with a poor prognosis and a mean survival of 14 months. Treatment primarily consists of chemotherapy, as the lymphoma is always disseminated. The role of local radiotherapy is questionable.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Laser angioplasty with a pulsed NdYAG laser: early clinical experience.

Since December 1986, 40 laser angioplasty procedures have been performed using the energy from a pulsed NdYAG laser, delivering near infrared light (1064 nm) in 100-microseconds pulses of approximately 300 mJ per pulse, directly through a transparent sapphire tipped device. All patients had total occlusion of the superficial femoral artery and symptoms severe enough to warrant surgery, with ulceration or gangrene in eight, rest pain in 14 and severe claudication interfering with life-style in the others. The device was introduced through an antegrade puncture of the superficial or common femoral artery and laser recanalization was followed by attempted balloon angioplasty in all cases. Occlusions were a median length of 15 cm (range 2-35 cm); ten patients had previously undergone failed attempts at conventional balloon angioplasty and four had occluded femoropopliteal grafts. Thirty-seven legs of 34 patients were treated with an average of 60 J (range 10-235 J) with successful recanalization in 27 and immediate reocclusion in seven. The 20 successful recanalizations have been followed up for up to 24 months (median 7 months) with only one late occlusion at 5 months. Failed recanalization was due to poor transmission by the delivery device in the early part of the series (five cases), repeated passage of the device down a collateral branch (four cases), dissection at the site of previous surgery (two cases) or no apparent reason (two cases). Immediate reocclusion was due to very poor run off in patients with severely ischaemic limbs (three cases) or technical difficulties with balloon dilatation (two cases). Complete symptomatic relief was obtained in all the cases of radiologically successful laser angioplasty. Early surgery was required in one case following reocclusion of the artery when an angioplasty balloon failed to deflate, and one patient suffered a skin reaction thought to be due to inadequate removal of the sterilizing solution. A different sterilizing procedure is now followed. Laser angioplasty can reduce the number of patients requiring bypass surgery and improvements in the device and access methods may reduce the number of untreatable cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The spectrum of changes on 20 nerve biopsies in patients with HIV infection.

Nerve and muscle biopsies were performed on 20 patients with HIV infection and peripheral neuropathy. Nine patients had distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) (six ARC and three AIDS), six had inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (IDP) (three ARC, one AIDS, and two otherwise asymptomatic patients), one had mononeuropathy multiplex (MM) (AIDS), 1 had mononeuropathy (ARC), one had meningoradiculitis (AIDS), and two had areflexia-associated lymphocytic meningitides (ARC), DSPN exhibited axonal degeneration in four of nine cases and was associated with segmental demyelination in five of nine cases. IDP exhibited segmental demyelination associated with axonal degeneration in four of six cases. Demyelination was more frequent in asymptomatic patients (2 of 2 cases) and in ARC (7 of 12 cases), whereas axonal degeneration was predominant in AIDS (6 of 6 cases). Mononuclear cell infiltration was seen in 1 of 2 asymptomatic patients and in 11 of 12 ARC patients but was exceptionally found in AIDS (1 of 6 cases). Involvement of the walls of small vessels, mostly venules ("subacute microvasculitis"), was found in 1 of 2 asymptomatic patients, in 8 of 12 ARC patients, and never in AIDS. The polyclonal mononuclear cell population was composed mainly of Leu 2 (T8) positive cells in seven cases of ARC. No virions were seen in electron microscopy. HIV was isolated in two cases from the CSF or the nerve biopsy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Amiodarone].

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Amiodarone↗
PubMed1988

Conjunctival biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome: correlations between histological and immunohistochemical features.

We have examined conjunctival biopsies from nine primary and two secondary cases of Sjögren's syndrome. In all cases histopathological examination revealed metaplasia of the conjunctival epithelium associated with a reduced number of goblet cells and a polymorphic inflammatory cell infiltrate of the stroma. Using monoclonal antibodies with texture analysis of stained preparations we have shown that in all cases the lymphocytic infiltrate was predominantly T-cell but with substantial numbers of IgA and IgG secretory B-cells in three cases. The number of Langerhans cells present was reduced in biopsies showing the most marked degree of epithelial metaplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Beta 2 agonists].

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Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗