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Biomedical subjects

M Radford

Publications and source records attributed to M Radford.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization and molecular analysis of nondisjunction in 18 cases of trisomy 21 and leukemia.

We recently began a cytogenetic and molecular study of nondisjunction in leukemic Down syndrome individuals to determine whether the mechanism by which the extra chromosome 21 originates predisposes the individual to leukemia. In the present report, we summarize our observations on 18 patients with trisomy 21 and acute or transient leukemia, including 11 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, three with acute myeloid leukemia, one with B-cell lymphoma, one with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, and two with transient leukemia. Results of DNA marker studies of the parental origin of the extra chromosome 21 indicated that 16 of the 18 cases (89%) were maternally derived, a percentage similar to that seen among nonleukemic Down syndrome patients. We noted that most leukemic Down syndrome patients had one locus or more in which parental heterozygosity was maintained in the trisomic individual, indicating a meiotic rather than a mitotic origin for the trisomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

'VEEP' in children with Hodgkin's disease--a regimen to decrease late sequelae.

In an attempt to decrease the risk of second malignancies and future infertility in children with Hodgkin's disease (HD) while retaining acceptable remission rates, an anthracycline based regimen containing no alkylating agent has been devised. VEEP contains vincristine, epirubicin, etoposide and prednisolone given at 3 weekly intervals. Forty-four patients, aged 2-15 years, have been treated: ten relapsed patients and 34 previously untreated with chemotherapy (including three relapsed stage I treated initially with radiotherapy). The median follow up for all patients is 25 months (range 6-52 months). The response rate in previously treated patients was 80% (95% CI 44-97%) and five remain alive in remission. The response rate in untreated patients was 88% (95% CI 72-97%) with 62% CR + CR(u) (uncertain/unconfirmed) (95% CI 44-77%). Of four patients who had a final response of CR(u) three have relapsed at 9, 16 and 38 months. Two of the children in CR have relapsed at 6 and 16 months. The relapse free rate at 3 years is 67% (95% CI 17-82%). In this pilot study the event free survival appears somewhat poorer than conventional combinations and further follow up is required to confirm the salvagability of relapsed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Increased resting energy expenditure in childhood asthma: does this contribute towards growth failure?

In order to determine whether or not there was a relationship between disorders of growth in children suffering from asthma and either increased resting energy expenditure or inadequate energy intake, a group of 34 children suffering from perennial symptoms were studied. A control group matched with the asthmatic children for sex and fat free mass were similarly studied. The children kept seven day records of weighed food intake. Basal metabolic rate was measured on one occasion in the fasted state by means of indirect calorimetry using the ventilated hood technique. The asthmatic children kept a 28 day record of peak expiratory flow rates, asthma symptoms, and medication usage. The asthmatic children expended significantly more energy at rest than their matched controls in absolute terms (14%). There was no correlation between height or height SD score and any parameter of energy balance. The causes of these finding are as yet speculative.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

Comparative study of affective disorders in three Asian countries. II. Differences in prevalence rates and symptom presentation.

This study used standardized diagnostic criteria and method to investigate both prevalence rates and nature of symptoms of depressive disorders in three Asian centres--Nagasaki, Shanghai and Seoul. Of the patients who visited a psychiatric clinic in each of the 3 centres for the first time, over 20% suffered from depression. Unlike previous reported prevalence rates for Asian countries, these results suggest that rates in Asia may not be much lower than those reported in Western countries. Although prevalence rates of depression were similar in all 3 centres, differences in symptoms were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of clinical stage I Hodgkin's disease by local radiation therapy alone. A United Kingdom Childrens Cancer Study Group study.

The UKCCSG study of the treatment of Hodgkin's disease between January 1982 and January 1988 accrued 209 patients. Of these, 59 had clinical Stage I disease. These 59 patients were treated with radiation therapy alone to sites of initial involvement. In case of relapse, combination chemotherapy was used. With a median follow-up of 3 years, 50 patients are alive with no evidence of disease after radiation therapy alone. Nine patients have relapsed between 5 and 55 months (median time to relapse, 18 months). Eight patients have been successfully treated with combination chemotherapy and are alive with no evidence of disease (one of these patients having had two relapses). One patient has died after widespread relapse. Of the 59 Stage I disease patients, 85% are relapse free after single-modality treatment. Overall survival is 98%. Long-term complications are minimal at this stage but long-term follow-up is essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Perinatal mortality and one-year infant morbidity.

Perinatal mortality in Southampton and South-west Hampshire Health District fell from 20.8 per 1000 total births in 1970 to 11.3 per 1000 in 1976. This was atributable mainly to a fall in the stillbirth rate, but also to a recent fall in the neonatal death rate in the first week. All infants born in 1975 who had any problems in the perinatal period were followed up for one year. Of the 12 children identified at one year as having a major handicap, eight suffered from problems of prenatal origin, two from problems associated with preterm delivery, and two from other conditions acquired during the perinatal period. As two-thirds of the major handicaps arose from congenital abnormalities, preterm delivery and low birth weight were not the main causes of major handicap.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1977

Sensory feedback does not cause selective adaptation of human "command neurons".

It has been proposed that body movements are partly controlled by a neural hierarchy, with cells at successively higher levels controlling increasing numbers of muscles engaged in functionally equivalent responses. In addition to physiological support for the hypothesis, obtained from infrahuman species, evidence from human subjects has been obtained in the form of negative transfer between successive similar responses. This negative transfer has been attributed to selective adaptation of "command neurons" in the human motor system. The present experiment found no evidence for negative (or positive) transfer between passive and active movements, suggesting that selective adaptation of human command neurons is caused by efference rather than afference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of salbutamol in infants with wheezy bronchitis.

Using the technique of whole body plethysmography, lung mechanics were measured in a group of infants with wheezy bronchitis. Compared with a group of normal infants previously studied, airway resistance and thoracic gas volume were found to be raised. Nebulized salbutamol was then administered and measurements were repeated when it was found that there was no objective improvement. It is concluded that salbutamol may not be an effective form of treatment of wheezy bronchitis in young infants and the reasons for this are discussed.

Airway Resistance↗